{"title":"Synergistic effect of functional strength training and cognitive intervention on gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy.","authors":"Alaa Al-Nemr","doi":"10.1080/21622965.2022.2159408","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21622965.2022.2159408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cerebral palsy (CP) is a posture and movement disorder, however; it often includes disturbance of different aspects of cognitive function. This study aimed to investigate if combined functional strength training (FST) and cognitive intervention are more effective than either of them alone on gross motor function in children with spastic diplegic CP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-four children with spastic diplegic CP, with ages ranging from 8 to 12 years, were assigned randomly into four treatment groups; Group I; FST, group II; cognitive training, group III; combined FST and cognitive training, group IV; conventional physical therapy. The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88) was used to assess gross motor function at baseline, post-treatment, and 6 months follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group III achieved a significant improvement in GMFM-88 when compared to other groups post-treatment and at follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that combined lower limb FST and cognitive intervention had the potential to produce significantly more favorable effects than the single use of either of them on gross motor function in children with spastic diplegia.</p>","PeriodicalId":8047,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology: Child","volume":" ","pages":"246-255"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10436449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wen-Jian Zheng, Xue-Yi Guan, Kai-Yu Fan, Jian Gong
{"title":"Application of the CNS vital signs test and WISC-IV in the cognitive assessment of Chinese pediatric patients with intra-cranial space occupying lesion.","authors":"Wen-Jian Zheng, Xue-Yi Guan, Kai-Yu Fan, Jian Gong","doi":"10.1080/21622965.2022.2156289","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21622965.2022.2156289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A fast and reliable neurocognitive assessment tool is required for pediatric patients with an intracranial space-occupying lesion (ICSOL).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 41 pediatric patients having ICSOL. Cognitive abilities were assessed using both WISC-IV and CNS Vital Signs (CNS VS). All domains are compared to the normative data. Spearman's correlation analysis is performed between domains in two batteries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the WISC-IV, CPI, PSI, and WMI are significantly lower than the normative level. In the CNS VS, NCI, Memory domains, Reaction Time, Social Acuity, and Sustained Attention are significantly lower. Six domains in the CNS VS, including Complex Attention, Sustained Attention, Cognitive Flexibility, Executive Function, Processing Speed, and Social Acuity, positively correlate to the PSI or CPI in the WISC-IV. Sixty percent (9/15) of domains in the CNS VS negatively correlate to the size of ISCOL. The FSIQ in the WISC-IV is significantly associated with patients' parent education level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared to the WISC-IV, CNS VS takes less time, but measures more domains. CNS VS is more sensitive to the size of ICSOL but is not affected by patients' parent education level. A healthy control group is warranted for interpreting the results in Chinese participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":8047,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology: Child","volume":" ","pages":"229-238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10338253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Number sense deficits in children with developmental dyscalculia, dyslexia, co-occurring disorder and their typically developing peers.","authors":"Malik M Alrefaei","doi":"10.1080/21622965.2024.2364729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2024.2364729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to explore a number sense deficits in children with developmental dyscalculia, dyslexia, co-occurring disorder and their typically developing peers. A non-symbolic quantity comparison task was used in this study to examine whether children with dyscalculia have number sense deficits. Children aged 10-11 years old from nine primary schools in Taif city, Saudi Arabia, were selected to participate in this study. The children were divided into the dyscalculia group (<i>n</i> = 62), the dyslexia group (<i>n</i> = 60), and co-occurring disorder group (<i>n</i> = 65), and the typically developing peers group (n = 100).4 groups (dyscalculia, dyslexia, co-occurring disorder and typically developing peers group) × 2 stimulus ratio (6:7; 8:12). There were significant differences in non-symbolic quantity comparison tasks between children with dyslexia, co-occurring disorder, and typically developing peers. These results indicate that children with dyscalculia do have number sense deficiencies, but number sense deficiencies are not specific to children with dyscalculia.</p>","PeriodicalId":8047,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology: Child","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141465779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effect of brain training video games on improving visuospatial working memory and executive function in children with dyscalculia.","authors":"Malik M Alrefaei","doi":"10.1080/21622965.2024.2362782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2024.2362782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim was to investigate the effect of brain training video games on improving visuospatial working memory and executive function in children with dyscalculia. This study employed a quasi-experimental, within-subjects design. Pre- post- and follow up test scores on visuospatial working memory and executive function were used. Sixty children from a primary education public school in Taif were selected. This study employed simple random method for selecting participants. Children assigned to the experimental group completed 18, 30 ms training sessions at the technology room in the presence of the researcher over a period of six weeks. The analyses were conducted using SPSS by performing a repeated-measures analysis of variance with a between-group factor and a with-group factor (pretest and posttest). Scheffé's post hoc test was also applied. The training helped the intervention group gain better scores in visuospatial working memory and executive function in post test compared to control one. There were significant differences in visuospatial working memory and executive function across different measurements(pre-post-and follow up).</p>","PeriodicalId":8047,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology: Child","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141465780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew C Hocking, May V Albee, Mina Kim, Jeffrey I Berman, Michael J Fisher, Timothy P L Roberts, Lisa Blaskey
{"title":"Social challenges, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in youth with neurofibromatosis type I.","authors":"Matthew C Hocking, May V Albee, Mina Kim, Jeffrey I Berman, Michael J Fisher, Timothy P L Roberts, Lisa Blaskey","doi":"10.1080/21622965.2024.2365383","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21622965.2024.2365383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Youth with neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) demonstrate high rates of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), which often have overlapping behaviors. Diagnostic clarity is important to guide services. This study evaluated ASD classification in NF1 using various methods and whether those with ADHD suspicion have more social challenges associated with ASD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>34 youth with NF1 (<i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 10.5 ± 1.6 years), completed ASD assessments that combined direct observation and informant ratings to yield a Clinician Best Estimate (CBE) classification. Caregivers rated ASD-related social challenges using the Social Responsiveness Scale- 2<sup>nd</sup> Edition (SRS-2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ASD classification varied depending on the method, ranging from 32% using low-threshold SRS-2 cut-scores (T ≥ 60) to under 6% when combining cut scores for diagnostic observational tools and stringent SRS-2 cut-scores (T ≥ 70). 14.7% had a CBE ASD classification. 44% were judged to have autism traits associated with a non-ASD diagnosis. The 52.9% with a suspicion of ADHD had higher SRS-2 scores than those without ADHD, <i>F</i> (7, 26) = 3.45, <i>p</i> < .05, Wilk's lambda = 0.518, partial eta squared = 0.482.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings highlight the importance of rigorous diagnostic methodology when evaluating ASD in NF1 to inform the selection of targeted interventions for socialization challenges in NF1.</p>","PeriodicalId":8047,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology: Child","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11635006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141305235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessing adherence and clinical utility of modified goal management training for adolescents with ADHD: A pilot study.","authors":"Mahsa Sadeghi, Eleenor Abraham, Tara McAuley","doi":"10.1080/21622965.2024.2353828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2024.2353828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have executive functioning (EF) difficulties that contribute to academic and social-emotional challenges. This pilot explored adherence to and effectiveness of modified Goal Management Training (GMT), an EF intervention, with ADHD youth. Six adolescents with ADHD (14-17 years, 2 female) participated in a 6-session online group. Adherence was tracked via attendance and homework. Reliable change scores gaged pre-post differences on measures before and after training (primary: everyday EF and goal attainment; secondary: EF task performance, functional impairment, emotional adjustment, and self-concept). All youth attended at least 4 sessions, though homework completion was mixed. Four youth achieved their goal, some demonstrated reliable change on outcome measures, and all evidenced a reduction in impairment. Results support the feasibility of modified GMT in adolescents with ADHD and suggest that youth may benefit from this more personalized and holistic approach to EF intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":8047,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology: Child","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141299881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Marinopoulou, Jakob Åsberg Johnels, Carl-Gustaf Bornehag, Maria Unenge Hallerbäck, Eva Billstedt
{"title":"Do Wechsler intelligence scales predict academic achievement in children with ADHD or autism? A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Maria Marinopoulou, Jakob Åsberg Johnels, Carl-Gustaf Bornehag, Maria Unenge Hallerbäck, Eva Billstedt","doi":"10.1080/21622965.2024.2361022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2024.2361022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intelligence tests predict academic achievement in typically developed children, however if this is the case also in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is not clear. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined if Wechsler intelligence scales predict academic achievement and/or grades in children, ages 6-16 years, with ADHD and/or ASD. We searched the databases PubMed, PsycINFO and Education Research Complete for studies published between 2000 and 2023. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess risk of bias. Narrative synthesis and meta-analysis were performed. Twelve studies (ADHD n = 1,834, ASD n = 176) were included in the review, and six samples (ADHD n = 1,112) of those were included in the meta-analyses. The results of the meta-analyses showed moderate overall weighted correlations between IQ and word reading, written language, and mathematics respectively. Similarly, the overall weighted correlations between processing speed and the aforementioned domains of academic achievement were moderate. Meta-analysis with additional Wechsler scales composite scores could not be conducted. In the narrative synthesis, Full Scale IQ was associated with academic achievement in both ADHD and ASD, and grades in ADHD. The limited number of ASD participants and the heterogeneity of the samples need to be considered when interpreting results. Generally, the results indicate that Wechsler scales are valuable in predicting academic achievement in children with ADHD or ASD. Motivation and other factors related with academic achievement need to be further explored in these groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":8047,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology: Child","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141293039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gonca Özyurt, Ezgi Karagöz Tanıgör, Burçin Şeyda Buran, Yusuf Öztürk, Ali Evren Tufan, Aynur Akay
{"title":"Similarities and differences of neuropsychological functions, metacognitive abilities and resilience in Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).","authors":"Gonca Özyurt, Ezgi Karagöz Tanıgör, Burçin Şeyda Buran, Yusuf Öztürk, Ali Evren Tufan, Aynur Akay","doi":"10.1080/21622965.2024.2358239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2024.2358239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It was aimed to evaluate the relationships between neuropsychological functions, self-reported metacognitive abilities, and resilience levels among children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and those with Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) compared to healthy controls. This cross-sectional, case-control study was consisted of 36 children with CDS only, 36 with ADHD only, 33 with CDS and ADHD and 39 control children were enrolled for a total sample of 144 children. The intellectual and neuropsychological functioning of the participating children was evaluated using the WISC-IV. Metacognitive Awareness Inventory for Children(MAI-C), Emotional Resilience Scale(ERS), and Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale(RCADS) were used. In both Processing Speed Index (PSI) and Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI), children with CDS had significantly lower scores compared to those with ADHD, while those with ADHD and ADHD + CDS were similar to each other and controls. Children with CDS had greater metacognitive awareness than those with ADHD only and those with ADHD + CDS, whereas controls had the greatest level of metacognitive awareness. The emotional sensitivity of children with CDS was similar to that of children with ADHD + CDS and significantly greater than that of children with ADHD and controls, while control children had the lowest levels. The results of this study suggest that metacognitive abilities and emotional resilience may be targeted in rehabilitation/therapy of children with CDS ± ADHD and that interventions targeting processing speed and perceptual reasoning in younger children with CDS symptoms may be beneficial.</p>","PeriodicalId":8047,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology: Child","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nihal Serdengeçti, Meryem Seçen Yazıcı, Zehra Koyuncu, Büşra Arslan, Haluk Cezmi Çokuğraş, Margaret D Weiss, Mahmut Cem Tarakçıoğlu
{"title":"Sleep, executive functions, and functional impairment in children with specific learning disorder: An investigation of the mediating pathways.","authors":"Nihal Serdengeçti, Meryem Seçen Yazıcı, Zehra Koyuncu, Büşra Arslan, Haluk Cezmi Çokuğraş, Margaret D Weiss, Mahmut Cem Tarakçıoğlu","doi":"10.1080/21622965.2024.2354495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2024.2354495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Sleep problems and executive dysfunction are associated with functional impairment in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate these aspects in children with Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) and SLD with comorbid Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), while also evaluating differences with typically developing (TD) children. Our study hypothesizes that children with SLD, especially those with comorbid ADHD, face greater sleep disturbances and executive function challenges compared to TD peers. We also propose that sleep disturbances aggravate functional impairment and that executive functions mediate this relationship.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The data obtained from psychiatric evaluations, semi-structured interviews and questionnaires filled out by parents were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SLD + ADHD group had worse scores in all scales, followed by SLD and TD groups. Mediator analysis demonstrated that executive functions had a mediator role in the relationship between sleep problems and functional impairment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that children with SLD experience more significant difficulties in daily living than their typically developing peers and having ADHD comorbidity, poor executive functions, and additional sleep problems can further exacerbate impairment. Notably, our mediation analysis suggests that executive functions mediate the relationship between sleep disturbances and the severity of functional impairments.</p>","PeriodicalId":8047,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology: Child","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140955910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aamena Kapasi, Jacqueline Pei, Katherine Flannigan, Kaitlyn McLachlan, Tim Oberlander, Carmen Rasmussen
{"title":"An examination of executive functioning in adolescents with FASD in a self-regulation intervention.","authors":"Aamena Kapasi, Jacqueline Pei, Katherine Flannigan, Kaitlyn McLachlan, Tim Oberlander, Carmen Rasmussen","doi":"10.1080/21622965.2024.2349301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2024.2349301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescents with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) often have challenges with executive functioning (EF), which impacts their ability to self-regulate. In this study, 23 adolescents with FASD completed a self-regulation intervention. The intervention was a manualized Teen Adaptation of the Alert Program®. A nonrandomized waitlist control design was used, and participants completed pre- and post-testing using performance-based measures of EF, and rating scales of EF were completed by caregivers. Results were analyzed three ways; 1) intervention and waitlist control group comparison, 2) whole sample pre-and post- test comparison, and 3) using Reliable Change Indexes to examine individual-level clinically relevant changes. No significant intervention effects were found when comparing the intervention and waitlist control groups. A significant difference was found on a measure of verbal inhibition when total sample pre-and post-test scores were compared. Using Reliable Change Index analysis, 30% participants showed reliable change in the direction of improvement on direct measures of EF, and 57% demonstrated reliable change in the direction of improvement on rating scales. This research study underscores the importance of investigating both individual and group level changes when analyzing data, as well as using reliable change to understand clinically meaningful effects that may be otherwise masked. These findings highlight the potential of the SR intervention to positively impact EF in adolescents with FASD. This study contributes to the growing literature that demonstrates the potential of individuals with FASD to benefit from direct intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":8047,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology: Child","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140943895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}