Annual review of genetics最新文献_第6页

Gametogenesis: Exploring an Endogenous Rejuvenation Program to Understand Cellular Aging and Quality Control. 生殖发生：探索内源性年轻化程序，了解细胞老化和质量控制。

IF 8.7 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2022-11-30 Epub Date: 2022-07-25 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-080320-025104

Tina L Sing, Gloria A Brar, Elçin Ünal

{"title":"Gametogenesis: Exploring an Endogenous Rejuvenation Program to Understand Cellular Aging and Quality Control.","authors":"Tina L Sing, Gloria A Brar, Elçin Ünal","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-080320-025104","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-genet-080320-025104","url":null,"abstract":"Gametogenesis is a conserved developmental program whereby a diploid progenitor cell differentiates into haploid gametes, the precursors for sexually reproducing organisms. In addition to ploidy reduction and extensive organelle remodeling, gametogenesis naturally rejuvenates the ensuing gametes, leading to resetting of life span. Excitingly, ectopic expression of the gametogenesis-specific transcription factor Ndt80 is sufficient to extend life span in mitotically dividing budding yeast, suggesting that meiotic rejuvenation pathways can be repurposed outside of their natural context. In this review, we highlight recent studies of gametogenesis that provide emerging insight into natural quality control, organelle remodeling, and rejuvenation strategies that exist within a cell. These include selective inheritance, programmed degradation, and de novo synthesis, all of which are governed by the meiotic gene expression program entailing many forms of noncanonical gene regulation. Finally, we highlight critical questions that remain in the field and provide perspective on the implications of gametogenesis research on human health span.","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":"56 ","pages":"89-112"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9712276/pdf/nihms-1845767.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10835946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scalable Functional Assays for the Interpretation of Human Genetic Variation. 用于解释人类遗传变异的可扩展功能测试。

IF 11.1 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2022-11-30 Epub Date: 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-072920-032107

Daniel Tabet, Victoria Parikh, Prashant Mali, Frederick P Roth, Melina Claussnitzer

引用次数: 0

Quiescence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 酿酒酵母的静止状态。

IF 11.1 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-080320-023632

Linda L Breeden, Toshio Tsukiyama

引用次数: 9

The Awesome Power of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease. 人类传染病遗传学的惊人力量。

IF 11.1 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-080320-010449

Kyle D Gibbs, Benjamin H Schott, Dennis C Ko

{"title":"The Awesome Power of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease.","authors":"Kyle D Gibbs, Benjamin H Schott, Dennis C Ko","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-080320-010449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-080320-010449","url":null,"abstract":"Since the identification of sickle cell trait as a heritable form of resistance to malaria, candidate gene studies, linkage analysis paired with sequencing, and genome-wide association (GWA) studies have revealed many examples of genetic resistance and susceptibility to infectious diseases. GWA studies enabled the identification of many common variants associated with small shifts in susceptibility to infectious diseases. This is exemplified by multiple loci associated with leprosy, malaria, HIV, tuberculosis, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which illuminate genetic architecture and implicate pathways underlying pathophysiology. Despite these successes, most of the heritability of infectious diseases remains to be explained. As the field advances, current limitations may be overcome by applying methodological innovations such as cellular GWA studies and phenome-wide association (PheWA) studies as well as by improving methodological rigor with more precise case definitions, deeper phenotyping, increased cohort diversity, and functional validation of candidate loci in the laboratory or human challenge studies.","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":"56 ","pages":"41-62"},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9674325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Enhancer Function and Evolutionary Roles of Human Accelerated Regions. 人类加速区的增强子功能和进化作用

IF 8.7 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2022-11-30 Epub Date: 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-071819-103933

Sean Whalen, Katherine S Pollard

引用次数: 0

The tracrRNA in CRISPR Biology and Technologies. CRISPR 生物学和技术中的 tracrRNA。

IF 11.1 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2021-11-23 Epub Date: 2021-08-20 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-071719-022559

Chunyu Liao, Chase L Beisel

引用次数: 20

Regulatory Themes and Variations by the Stress-Signaling Nucleotide Alarmones (p)ppGpp in Bacteria. 细菌中应激信号核苷酸警报素(p)ppGpp的调控主题和变化。

IF 11.1 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-021821-025827

Brent W Anderson, Danny K Fung, Jue D Wang

{"title":"Regulatory Themes and Variations by the Stress-Signaling Nucleotide Alarmones (p)ppGpp in Bacteria.","authors":"Brent W Anderson, Danny K Fung, Jue D Wang","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-021821-025827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-021821-025827","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial stress-signaling alarmones are important components of a protective network against diverse stresses such as nutrient starvation and antibiotic assault. pppGpp and ppGpp, collectively (p)ppGpp, have well-documented regulatory roles in gene expression and protein translation. Recent work has highlighted another key function of (p)ppGpp: inducing rapid and coordinated changes in cellular metabolism by regulating enzymatic activities, especially those involved in purine nucleotide synthesis. Failure of metabolic regulation by (p)ppGpp results in the loss of coordination between metabolic and macromolecular processes, leading to cellular toxicity. In this review, we document how (p)ppGpp and newly characterized nucleotides pGpp and (p)ppApp directly regulate these enzymatic targets for metabolic remodeling. We examine targets' common determinants for alarmone interaction as well as their evolutionary diversification. We highlight classical and emerging themes in nucleotide signaling, including oligomerization and allostery along with metabolic interconversion and crosstalk, illustrating how they allow optimized bacterial adaptation to their environmental niches.","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":"55 ","pages":"115-133"},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10209448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 39

RAD51 Gene Family Structure and Function. RAD51基因家族结构与功能。

IF 11.1 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2020-11-23 Epub Date: 2020-07-14 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-021920-092410

Braulio Bonilla, Sarah R Hengel, McKenzie K Grundy, Kara A Bernstein

引用次数: 92

Linking Genes to Shape in Plants Using Morphometrics. 利用形态计量学将植物的基因与形状联系起来。

IF 11.1 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2020-11-23 Epub Date: 2020-09-04 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-022620-094553

Hao Xu, George W Bassel

{"title":"Linking Genes to Shape in Plants Using Morphometrics.","authors":"Hao Xu, George W Bassel","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-022620-094553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-022620-094553","url":null,"abstract":"A transition from qualitative to quantitative descriptors of morphology has been facilitated through the growing field of morphometrics, representing the conversion of shapes and patterns into numbers. The analysis of plant form at the macromorphological scale using morphometric approaches quantifies what is commonly referred to as a phenotype. Quantitative phenotypic analysis of individuals with contrasting genotypes in turn provides a means to establish links between genes and shapes. The path from a gene to a morphological phenotype is, however, not direct, with instructive information progressing both across multiple scales of biological complexity and through nonintuitive feedback, such as mechanical signals. In this review, we explore morphometric approaches used to perform whole-plant phenotyping and quantitative approaches in capture processes in the mesoscales, which bridge the gaps between genes and shapes in plants. Quantitative frameworks involving both the computational simulation and the discretization of data into networks provide a putative path to predicting emergent shape from underlying genetic programs.","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":"54 ","pages":"417-437"},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-genet-022620-094553","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38344805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Mitochondria Are Fundamental for the Emergence of Metazoans: On Metabolism, Genomic Regulation, and the Birth of Complex Organisms. 线粒体是后生动物出现的基础:新陈代谢、基因组调控和复杂生物的诞生。

IF 11.1 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2020-11-23 Epub Date: 2020-08-28 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-021920-105545

Hadar Medini, Tal Cohen, Dan Mishmar

{"title":"Mitochondria Are Fundamental for the Emergence of Metazoans: On Metabolism, Genomic Regulation, and the Birth of Complex Organisms.","authors":"Hadar Medini, Tal Cohen, Dan Mishmar","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-021920-105545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-021920-105545","url":null,"abstract":"Out of many intracellular bacteria, only the mitochondria and chloroplasts abandoned their independence billions of years ago and became endosymbionts within the host eukaryotic cell. Consequently, one cannot grow eukaryotic cells without their mitochondria, and the mitochondria cannot divide outside of the cell, thus reflecting interdependence. Here, we argue that such interdependence underlies the fundamental role of mitochondrial activities in the emergence of metazoans. Several lines of evidence support our hypothesis: (a) Differentiation and embryogenesis rely on mitochondrial function; (b) mitochondrial metabolites are primary precursors for epigenetic modifications (such as methyl and acetyl), which are critical for chromatin remodeling and gene expression, particularly during differentiation and embryogenesis; and (c) mitonuclear coregulation adapted to accommodate both housekeeping and tissue-dependent metabolic needs. We discuss the evolution of the unique mitochondrial genetic system, mitochondrial metabolites, mitonuclear coregulation, and their critical roles in the emergence of metazoans and in human disorders.","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":"54 ","pages":"151-166"},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-genet-021920-105545","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38319653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9