Annual review of genetics最新文献

Using Microfluidics to Capture Molecular Microbiology in a Changing World. 在不断变化的世界中使用微流体捕捉分子微生物学。

IF 9.1 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2026-09-02 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-011626-032834

Anuradha Sharma, Alexander M Shuppara, Joseph E Sanfilippo

引用次数: 0

Stemness as a Systems-Level State: From Ancestral Plasticity to Systemic Control in Regeneration, Aging, and Cancer. 干性作为一种系统水平的状态：从祖先可塑性到再生、衰老和癌症的系统控制。

IF 9.1 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-013026-083508

Jagriti Arora, Sakshi Tiwari, Dasaradhi Palakodeti, Tina Mukherjee

{"title":"Stemness as a Systems-Level State: From Ancestral Plasticity to Systemic Control in Regeneration, Aging, and Cancer.","authors":"Jagriti Arora, Sakshi Tiwari, Dasaradhi Palakodeti, Tina Mukherjee","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-013026-083508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-013026-083508","url":null,"abstract":"Multicellularity necessitated the evolution of cellular diversity and specialization, yet across organisms, the retention of cellular plasticity within defined physiological contexts is a recurring principle. Here, we examine early-diverging metazoans to reevaluate the evolutionary logic of stemness. Rather than viewing stem cells as exceptional, we argue that cellular plasticity represents a deeply conserved attribute of early life. The ability of cells to remain responsive, multipotent, and regenerative under ecological or physiological contexts challenges the notion of cellular identity. We integrate evidence across three layers: evolutionary origins of cellular plasticity, systemic physiological axes that govern stem cell behavior, and metabolic and epigenetic mechanisms that execute fate decisions. This synthesis reveals that stemness is not a default cellular state but a licensed state, permitted when organism-level physiological signals align with local tissue demands. Within this framework, regeneration, age-associated decline, and cancer emerge as evidence of how effectively systemic governance regulates cellular plasticity across multicellular life.","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148872697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Noncanonical Functions of DICER-Mediated Pathways. dicer介导通路的非规范功能。

IF 9.1 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-011626-011710

Rareș Drula, Swathi Arur

引用次数: 0

Signaling Cascades in Meiotic Chromosome Dynamics. 减数分裂染色体动力学中的信号级联。

IF 9.1 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-011626-030553

Dahlia Y Deng, Jocelyn Haversat, Yumi Kim

引用次数: 0

Transposable Elements and the Impact of Genomic Autoimmunity. 转座因子和基因组自身免疫的影响。

IF 9.1 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2026-08-28 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-102350

Alla Kalmykova, Damon Lisch, Justin P Blumenstiel

引用次数: 0

Message in a Bottle: The Therapeutic Potential of Domesticated Capsid Proteins. 瓶中的信息：驯化衣壳蛋白的治疗潜力。

IF 9.1 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2026-08-26 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-011626-013234

Harrison B Cullen, Luke E Berchowitz

{"title":"Message in a Bottle: The Therapeutic Potential of Domesticated Capsid Proteins.","authors":"Harrison B Cullen, Luke E Berchowitz","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-011626-013234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-011626-013234","url":null,"abstract":"Domesticated gag genes derived from long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons are widespread in mammals and occur in other metazoans, including Drosophila and zebrafish. Their protein products commonly contain a capsid (CA) domain, and many retain the ability to assemble capsid-like particles that package RNA, and potentially other biomolecules, with emerging roles in intercellular communication, neuronal signaling, placental gene regulation, and fertility. Biochemical, genetic, and structural studies have identified the core domains that are necessary and sufficient for capsid formation, even in the absence of accessory proteins. Several systems also exhibit selective self-RNA packaging directed by cis elements, suggesting rules that could be harnessed for programmable cargo selection. Building on this foundation, recent efforts have developed host-encoded Gag CA proteins for delivery applications, ranging from engineered systems to approaches that exploit naturally preloaded capsids. In addition to established platforms such as adeno-associated viruses (AAVs), lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), and nonintegrating lentiviral systems, domesticated Gag CA proteins may offer complementary features such as lower immunogenicity, flexible cargo capacity, and tissue-specific targeting. Open questions remain regarding release and cellular entry mechanisms, in vivo tropism, determinants of immunogenicity across family members, and safety.","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148824408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The CENtral Identity Crisis: Maintaining Centromere Identity in the Male Germline. 中心身份危机：维持着丝粒身份在男性生殖系。

IF 9.1 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2026-08-25 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-011626-020247

Anna Ní Nualláin, Ben D O'Gorman, Elaine M Dunleavy

{"title":"The CENtral Identity Crisis: Maintaining Centromere Identity in the Male Germline.","authors":"Anna Ní Nualláin, Ben D O'Gorman, Elaine M Dunleavy","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-011626-020247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-011626-020247","url":null,"abstract":"Centromeres are chromosomal loci required for accurate chromosome segregation in cell division and are defined epigenetically by the centromere-specific histone H3 variant CENP-A. The assembly and maintenance of CENP-A in each cell cycle are critical for continued centromere identity and function. In the germline, centromere identity must be maintained throughout many specialized divisions and preserved in gametes to ensure transgenerational inheritance. The male germline poses a particular challenge for maintaining centromere identity because most histones are removed from sperm chromatin and replaced by protamines in most animal species, causing a potential identity crisis. Here, we discuss the timing and mechanisms of centromere assembly and maintenance throughout spermatogenesis and the impacts on fertility and offspring development. We focus on Drosophila melanogaster, which has served as an informative model of the male germline, but also draw comparisons with other species, highlighting any conservation or adaptations. Finally, we outline unanswered questions in the field, identify technical barriers, and propose potential solutions.","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148817229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Identification and Impact of 3'UTR Regulatory Variants on Phenotype and Disease. 3'UTR调控变异的鉴定及其对表型和疾病的影响。

IF 9.1 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-011626-024110

Alexis Dziubek, Andrew Grimson

{"title":"The Identification and Impact of 3'UTR Regulatory Variants on Phenotype and Disease.","authors":"Alexis Dziubek, Andrew Grimson","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-011626-024110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-011626-024110","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic variation is a major cause of disease susceptibility, and sequence variants can change both protein function and stoichiometry. Though posttranscriptional regulation is a major component of mammalian gene expression control, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) remain an underexplored source of variation impacting human health. Nevertheless, seminal studies have found that functionally relevant SNPs, including expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), are enriched in 3'UTRs. These discoveries highlight the importance of SNPs within 3'UTRs. Here, we provide an overview of techniques used to prioritize and validate 3'UTR SNPs. Computational methods, such as association assays and scoring frameworks, allow for SNP prioritization, and recent experimental methods have enabled the validation of many SNPs in parallel. We discuss examples of 3'UTR SNPs that are relevant to human health and development, as well as how the patterns and prevalence of 3'UTR SNPs can be used to identify selection on the cis-regulatory sites and trans-factors that underlie posttranscriptional regulation.","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancing Human Artificial Chromosomes at the Dawn of Synthetic Genomics. 在合成基因组学的黎明推进人类人工染色体。

IF 9.1 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-022026-032132

Alexandra Dananberg, Gabriel J Birchak, Ben E Black

{"title":"Advancing Human Artificial Chromosomes at the Dawn of Synthetic Genomics.","authors":"Alexandra Dananberg, Gabriel J Birchak, Ben E Black","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-022026-032132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-022026-032132","url":null,"abstract":"Human artificial chromosomes (HACs) are engineered, chromosome-scale DNA molecules that replicate and segregate autonomously in mammalian cells, offering a unique platform for large, stable, nonintegrating genetic delivery. The first generation of HACs emerged prior to synthetic genomics efforts, and their development has aided understanding of chromosome structure and centromere function. In parallel, microbial synthetic genomics demonstrated that entire viral, bacterial, and yeast chromosomes can be designed, synthesized, assembled, and functionally validated, establishing core principles for genome-scale engineering. Recent advances in large DNA assembly, long-read sequencing, and epigenetic centromere specification now position HACs within this broader synthetic genomics framework. We review and integrate lessons from microbial systems with advances in mammalian chromosome biology and discuss how HACs are becoming increasingly precise and customizable platforms. Current efforts promise to expand their potential for gene and cell therapy, functional genomics, humanized models, and the rational construction of synthetic mammalian genomes.","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Keeping in Sync with an Unpredictable Environment: Insights from Circadian Biology. 与不可预测的环境保持同步：来自昼夜节律生物学的见解。

IF 9.1 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2026-08-18 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-020226-041940

Stavroula Fili, Dawn H Nagel

引用次数: 0