Annual review of genetics最新文献

Phylogenomic Approaches to Study Adaptive Evolution in Mammals: From Aging to Aquatic Lifestyles. 哺乳动物适应性进化的系统基因组研究：从衰老到水生生活方式。

IF 8.6 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-030325-041233

Nathan L Clark, Amanda Kowalczyk, Emily E K Kopania, Maria Chikina

{"title":"Phylogenomic Approaches to Study Adaptive Evolution in Mammals: From Aging to Aquatic Lifestyles.","authors":"Nathan L Clark, Amanda Kowalczyk, Emily E K Kopania, Maria Chikina","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-030325-041233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-030325-041233","url":null,"abstract":"The natural world is full of valuable lessons about genetic adaptation as organisms respond to changing conditions around them. Deciphering these changes is a major goal of evolutionary genetics. Advances have been made through phylogenomic approaches using the wealth of closely related genome sequences in mammals. These studies bring us lessons about the adaptive capacity allowed by the evolutionary process as well as the underlying genetic mechanisms controlling important traits. Diverse methods are now routinely used to identify the genetic basis of these adaptations. These reveal new functions of genes and regulatory regions that have responded to changes in lifestyle, such as aquatic life and flight, as well as major life history axes, such as lifespan. Phylogenomic studies have been equally revealing of specific traits that evolve in response to different selective pressures, such as hair formation and vocal learning. These approaches continue to develop to overcome challenges inherent in information-poor regulatory regions to find changes to gene regulatory networks as well. The development of these approaches is expected to accelerate as new tools, such as machine learning models, are incorporated and deployed on ever denser phylogenies containing new interesting traits.","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genetic Mechanisms of Experience-Dependent Neuronal Plasticity. 经验依赖性神经元可塑性的遗传机制。

IF 8.6 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-020325-103824

Anne E West

引用次数: 0

Fueling the Mind: Brain Metabolism in Health and Neurodevelopmental Disorders. 给精神加油：健康和神经发育障碍中的脑代谢。

IF 8.6 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-102424

Domenico Marano, Vittoria Mariano, Gaia Novarino

引用次数: 0

Genetic and Genomic Insights into Planarian Biology. 涡虫生物学的遗传和基因组学见解。

IF 8.6 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-011725-091634

Longhua Guo

{"title":"Genetic and Genomic Insights into Planarian Biology.","authors":"Longhua Guo","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-011725-091634","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-genet-011725-091634","url":null,"abstract":"Species such as planarians expand our horizons of imagination and fuel innovation. The ability to regenerate any tissues lost to injury has fascinated many generations of biologists studying regenerative biology. Recent experimental data have shown that regeneration in older planarians can reverse age-associated physiological decline, effectively rejuvenating the animals and making them biologically younger. The remarkable biology manifested by planarians, encompassing whole-body regeneration and rejuvenation, intersects with some of the most critical topics of twenty-first-century research, including stem cell function, lifespan regulation, and healthspan improvement, despite being viewed by some as an evolutionary oddity. Here, we discuss how advances in next-generation sequencing technologies and the advent of genomic approaches over the past two decades have revolutionized planarian research. The results of these studies have transformed our understanding of regeneration, tissue patterning, germ cell development, chromosome evolution, aging, and age reversal (rejuvenation). We anticipate that genetic and genomic tools will drive groundbreaking discoveries in the fundamental mechanisms of regeneration, aging, and rejuvenation in the coming decades.","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144881923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanisms of Globin Gene Regulation in Mammals. 哺乳动物珠蛋白基因调控机制。

IF 8.6 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-020325-095743

Ross C Hardison

引用次数: 0

Multifaceted Defenses Against Parasitoid Wasps in Diptera. 双翅目拟寄生蜂的多方面防御。

IF 8.6 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-032425-100252

Nathan T Mortimer, Todd A Schlenke

引用次数: 0

From Human to Mouse and Back: Genetic and Genomic Ta(i)les of Islet Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes. 从人类到小鼠再到小鼠：2型糖尿病胰岛功能障碍的遗传和基因组基因(1)。

IF 8.6 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-020525-114513

Romy Kursawe, Khushdeep Bandesh, Sai Nivedita Krishnan, Kevin S Liu, Redwan M Bhuiyan, Michael L Stitzel

{"title":"From Human to Mouse and Back: Genetic and Genomic Ta(i)les of Islet Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes.","authors":"Romy Kursawe, Khushdeep Bandesh, Sai Nivedita Krishnan, Kevin S Liu, Redwan M Bhuiyan, Michael L Stitzel","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-020525-114513","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-genet-020525-114513","url":null,"abstract":"Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex genetic disease with substantial environmental inputs leading to glucose homeostasis defects. Insulin production is central to proper glucose control, and islet cell dysfunction and death lie at the nexus of T2D genetics and pathophysiology. Comprehensive identification of genes and pathways contributing to these processes is essential for mechanistic understanding and therapeutic targeting. Here, we summarize the latest human and mouse T2D genetic and genomic studies and assess how these parallel variant-to-function efforts and associated data contribute convergent or complementary insights and new opportunities to dissect T2D islet (dys)function. We distill mechanistic and phenotypic studies of candidate T2D effector genes into prevailing themes by which these T2D risk genes likely contribute to islet dysfunction. We assess how recent molecular and metabolic studies in genetically diverse mice (i.e., Collaborative Cross, Diversity Outbred) help to nominate new putative T2D effector genes and processes for future exploration and provide examples where these studies illuminate potential limitations of studies using inbred mice. Finally, we discuss opportunities to address knowledge gaps and modeling challenges to translate T2D genetic associations into molecular and pathophysiologic understanding.","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144844187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating Selective Quality Control in Mammalian Oogenesis: Evidence and Opportunities. 评估哺乳动物卵子发生的选择性质量控制：证据和机会。

IF 8.6 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2025-08-08 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-021925-093551

Jay W Zussman, Dominic J Skinner, Daniel E Wagner, Stanislav Y Shvartsman, Diana J Laird

{"title":"Evaluating Selective Quality Control in Mammalian Oogenesis: Evidence and Opportunities.","authors":"Jay W Zussman, Dominic J Skinner, Daniel E Wagner, Stanislav Y Shvartsman, Diana J Laird","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-021925-093551","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-genet-021925-093551","url":null,"abstract":"The formation and maintenance of the finite mammalian ovarian reserve are critical for fertility and species survival. Genetic and developmental studies have uncovered various mechanisms underlying oocyte development and maturation, revealing two curious features of the ovarian germline: (a) The establishment of the follicle reserve involves an initial massive overproduction of oocyte precursors, and (b) the total number of ovulated oocytes across an animal's fertile lifetime is a very small proportion of the initial ovarian reserve. Many have proposed that this indicates the existence of selective quality control to ensure gamete fitness. Here, we review the findings underlying the hypotheses for germline quality control during prepubertal development, homeostatic fertility, and reproductive aging. We evaluate whether the existing evidence base distinguishes the active selection of specific germ cell subsets from neutral dynamics. Throughout, we discuss strategies for applying statistical frameworks to evaluate selection in oogenesis and the implications of neutrality versus selection at various points in oocyte development.","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144803275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forming a Complex: Turbocharging BMP Signal Activation by Heterodimeric Ligands and Heteromeric Receptor Complexes. 形成复合物：异二聚体配体和异二聚体受体复合物涡轮增压BMP信号激活。

IF 8.6 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-032425-094606

Jeet H Patel, Mary C Mullins

{"title":"Forming a Complex: Turbocharging BMP Signal Activation by Heterodimeric Ligands and Heteromeric Receptor Complexes.","authors":"Jeet H Patel, Mary C Mullins","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-032425-094606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-032425-094606","url":null,"abstract":"Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling functions in a vast range of biological contexts. The basic signaling mechanism of this pathway is well-defined, with BMP ligand dimers recruiting tetrameric receptor complexes that phosphorylate Smads to regulate gene expression. Research has found that the mechanism of BMP signal activation may not be as simple as this linear relay, specifically in considering signal activation by ligand homodimers versus heterodimers. Focusing largely on in vivo vertebrate contexts, we discuss how BMP heterodimers exhibit enhanced or exclusive signaling over homodimers, demonstrating that not all signal inputs are functionally equivalent. Challenging the notion that ligand-receptor binding affinity is the primary driver of signal activation, we highlight evidence that some receptors do not signal even when high-affinity ligands are present. Further, not all receptors in the signaling complex are equal, with the kinase activity of some being dispensable while others are obligatory. These observations shift the focus of BMP signal activation to mechanisms by which heterodimeric ligands with specific receptor combinations facilitate signal outcomes in different contexts.","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144798029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Red Queen and the Timescale of Antagonistic Coevolution: Parasite Selection for Genetic Diversity. 红皇后与拮抗协同进化的时间尺度：遗传多样性的寄生虫选择。

IF 8.6 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-112024-091229

Dieter Ebert

引用次数: 0