发布求助
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献

Annual review of genetics最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Advancing Human Artificial Chromosomes at the Dawn of Synthetic Genomics. 在合成基因组学的黎明推进人类人工染色体。
IF 9.1 1区 生物学
Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-022026-032132
Alexandra Dananberg, Gabriel J Birchak, Ben E Black
{"title":"Advancing Human Artificial Chromosomes at the Dawn of Synthetic Genomics.","authors":"Alexandra Dananberg, Gabriel J Birchak, Ben E Black","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-022026-032132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-022026-032132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human artificial chromosomes (HACs) are engineered, chromosome-scale DNA molecules that replicate and segregate autonomously in mammalian cells, offering a unique platform for large, stable, nonintegrating genetic delivery. The first generation of HACs emerged prior to synthetic genomics efforts, and their development has aided understanding of chromosome structure and centromere function. In parallel, microbial synthetic genomics demonstrated that entire viral, bacterial, and yeast chromosomes can be designed, synthesized, assembled, and functionally validated, establishing core principles for genome-scale engineering. Recent advances in large DNA assembly, long-read sequencing, and epigenetic centromere specification now position HACs within this broader synthetic genomics framework. We review and integrate lessons from microbial systems with advances in mammalian chromosome biology and discuss how HACs are becoming increasingly precise and customizable platforms. Current efforts promise to expand their potential for gene and cell therapy, functional genomics, humanized models, and the rational construction of synthetic mammalian genomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Keeping in Sync with an Unpredictable Environment: Insights from Circadian Biology. 与不可预测的环境保持同步：来自昼夜节律生物学的见解。
IF 9.1 1区 生物学
Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2026-08-18 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-020226-041940
Stavroula Fili, Dawn H Nagel
{"title":"Keeping in Sync with an Unpredictable Environment: Insights from Circadian Biology.","authors":"Stavroula Fili, Dawn H Nagel","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-020226-041940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-020226-041940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Predictable environmental cues, such as daily and seasonal cycles of light and temperature, are integrated by circadian clocks in both plants and animals to coordinate metabolism, physiology, growth, development, and behavior with optimal times of day and year. This temporal coupling enables organisms to anticipate recurring environmental changes and maintain adaptive alignment between internal biological processes and the external environment. However, the accelerating pace of environmental change, including increased environmental variability and altered cue reliability, threatens this circadian alignment, potentially disrupting historically beneficial and adaptive relationships across taxa. In this review, we provide a cross-taxonomic synthesis of circadian regulation of output traits, highlighting conserved and taxa-specific mechanisms that rely on this synchronization. We provide context on how these timing processes may be reshaped or compromised in increasingly dynamic and less predictable environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tuning Meiotic Checkpoints: Evolutionary Costs and Mechanistic Trade-Offs. 调整减数分裂检查点：进化成本和机制权衡。
IF 9.1 1区 生物学
Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2026-08-13 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-031326-012917
Needhi Bhalla, Soni Lacefield
{"title":"Tuning Meiotic Checkpoints: Evolutionary Costs and Mechanistic Trade-Offs.","authors":"Needhi Bhalla, Soni Lacefield","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-031326-012917","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-genet-031326-012917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this review, we discuss three meiotic checkpoints-the DNA damage response, the pachytene checkpoint, and the spindle checkpoint-and highlight their similarities and differences across diverse systems. Cell cycle checkpoints play a unique and important role during meiosis by enforcing dependencies within the complex choreography that governs chromosome behavior during meiotic prophase and chromosome segregation. However, meiotic checkpoints can exhibit dramatic variations in their stringency, especially when compared with mitotic checkpoints. This range in stringency likely reflects the mechanistic trade-offs associated with the unique goals of meiosis, as well as the evolutionary constraints and innovations inherent to the process.</p>","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13631866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148759543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Design Principles and Architecture of Cellular Nutrient Signaling. 细胞营养信号的设计原理和结构。
IF 9.1 1区 生物学
Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2026-07-20 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-012026-084152
Gaurav Singh, Kaveri Vaidya, Sunil Laxman
{"title":"Design Principles and Architecture of Cellular Nutrient Signaling.","authors":"Gaurav Singh, Kaveri Vaidya, Sunil Laxman","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-012026-084152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-012026-084152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A cell functions as a metabolic economy that parses information on nutrient availability and internal metabolic flux and then converts that to state outcomes that maintain or shift homeostasis. Here, we discuss how the nutrient-signaling machinery in cells follows an hourglass (or bow tie) design architecture, using modular signal integrators. In eukaryotic cells, this architecture is exemplified by two evolutionarily conserved, core complexes: mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)/TORC1 and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). This bow-tie design of core signal integrators enables cells to condense, fan-in, and integrate noisy metabolic information. These integrators then meaningfully transduce this condensed information into durable cell state transitions by fanning-out resource allocations toward distinct outputs that are all within the possibilities of the existing metabolic economy. Through this design, cells can incorporate diverse metabolite- or flux-sensing modules, secondary integrators, and localization or higher-order assemblies to alter response kinetics over time and space. We discuss how these inherent design constraints result in robust yet versatile cellular decision-making that can drive cell-to-cell heterogeneity. Finally, we highlight how genetic mutations in this machinery disrupt information processing through the bow tie, shifting homeostasis toward disease states.</p>","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148534726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Organization of Ribosomal RNA Genes in Eukaryotes. 真核生物核糖体RNA基因的组织。
IF 9.1 1区 生物学
Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2026-07-20 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-011626-023157
Austen R D Ganley, Sylvie Hermann-Le Denmat
{"title":"Organization of Ribosomal RNA Genes in Eukaryotes.","authors":"Austen R D Ganley, Sylvie Hermann-Le Denmat","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-011626-023157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-011626-023157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In eukaryotes, ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) encode the major ribosomal RNA molecules and are typically organized into a distinctive genomic structure involving tandem repetition of a polycistronic coding region. Here, we review eukaryotic rDNA organization, emphasizing the extensive, but not absolute, conservation of the canonical organization across eukaryotes. We describe exceptions to both the canonical gene structure and tandem organization and discuss important questions and hypotheses raised by this conserved organization, which is also tolerant of alternatives. Furthermore, we examine variations in rDNA copy/array number and their implications, including whether variants are likely to be adaptive, a passive consequence of ongoing cellular processes, or the outcome of interrepeat competition within rDNA arrays. Finally, we describe how recent technological advances offer great promise for overcoming the barriers imposed by the repetitive nature of rDNA and thus for improving our understanding of this fascinating region of the genome.</p>","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148534776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dynamic Centromeres Under Epigenetic Constraint. 表观遗传约束下的动态着丝粒。
IF 9.1 1区 生物学
Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2026-07-15 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-012826-084425
Emma M Anderson, Barbara G Mellone
{"title":"Dynamic Centromeres Under Epigenetic Constraint.","authors":"Emma M Anderson, Barbara G Mellone","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-012826-084425","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-genet-012826-084425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Centromeres are essential chromosomal loci specified epigenetically by CENP-A chromatin, yet they undergo rapid sequence turnover, structural remodeling, and occasional repositioning. In this review, we integrate recent advances enabled by long-read genome assemblies and high-resolution chromatin mapping to synthesize current understanding of centromere organization across taxa. We examine how satellite repeats, transposable elements, molecular drive, and meiotic conflict generate extreme centromere diversity. We further explore how DNA methylation and H3K9me3 heterochromatin constrain CENP-A positioning, stabilize centromeric domains, and shape boundary dynamics during centromere drift, duplication, and de novo formation. Together, these perspectives show how centromeres accommodate evolutionary change while preserving the stringent requirements of faithful chromosome segregation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148454393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mitochondrial DNA Inheritance and Germline Purifying Selection: Insights From Drosophila. 线粒体DNA遗传和种系纯化选择：来自果蝇的见解。
IF 9.1 1区 生物学
Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2026-07-09 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-011626-033825
Zhe Chen, Hong Xu
{"title":"Mitochondrial DNA Inheritance and Germline Purifying Selection: Insights From <i>Drosophila</i>.","authors":"Zhe Chen, Hong Xu","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-011626-033825","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-genet-011626-033825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mitochondrial genome resides in a highly mutagenic environment and is typically maternally inherited with little recombination, features that should render mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) prone to the accumulation of deleterious variants. Contrary to this expectation, mtDNA integrity is remarkably well-preserved over evolution. Purifying selection in the female germline that limits transmission of deleterious mtDNA mutations has been documented in various animal models and in humans. Here, we synthesize the literature, with an emphasis on insights from <i>Drosophila</i>, revealing that replication competition-the preferential propagation of healthy genomes over deleterious ones-is the main mechanism driving mtDNA purifying selection in the germline. We highlight developmentally orchestrated mitochondrial processes that couple genome function to replication, enabling selection based on the bioenergetic performance of individual genomes during oogenesis. Finally, we discuss how replication competition can generate genetic conflicts, particularly through the emergence of selfish mtDNA, and how such conflicts may have shaped mtDNA evolution and features of mitochondrial genetics, including maternal inheritance and the mitochondrial bottleneck.</p>","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148417824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Genomic Imprinting: Common Threads Uniting Diverse Biological Systems. 基因组印记：不同生物系统的共同线索。
IF 9.1 1区 生物学
Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-012626-101213
Robyn A Emmerson, Rebecca A Mosher
{"title":"Genomic Imprinting: Common Threads Uniting Diverse Biological Systems.","authors":"Robyn A Emmerson, Rebecca A Mosher","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-012626-101213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-012626-101213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon in which chromosome behavior or gene expression depends on whether an allele was paternally or maternally inherited. Imprinting is commonly associated with a placenta or an analogous organ during embryo development; however, imprinting occurs in diverse species across animal and plant life, including those that lack a placenta. Common epigenetic modifications are associated with genome imprinting across these groups, although the exact mechanisms vary across taxa. There are also commonalities surrounding the evolutionary selection for imprinting. The most well-known hypothesis is parental conflict theory, which proposes that imprinting resolves conflict over the maternal allocation of resources to the developing embryo. Shared mechanisms and functions of imprinting across diverse groups suggest that parental epigenetic asymmetries may be an inherent characteristic of sexual reproduction in species where the sperm and egg differ in size and form.</p>","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148366727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Properties and Prospects of B Chromosomes. B染色体的性质与展望。
IF 9.1 1区 生物学
Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2026-06-30 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-013026-085256
Natalie Warsinger-Pepe, Stacey L Hanlon
{"title":"Properties and Prospects of B Chromosomes.","authors":"Natalie Warsinger-Pepe, Stacey L Hanlon","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-013026-085256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-013026-085256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nonessential, supernumerary B chromosomes have been an intriguing anomaly known to researchers for over a century. B chromosomes were first identified in insects and have since been discovered in hundreds of species across many different taxa. Their prevalence has made it difficult to strictly define the nature of a B chromosome due to the variety of sizes, genetic compositions, and segregation behaviors; however, with modern molecular technologies, the impact, origin, and evolutionary trajectory of these B chromosomes are coming into focus. In this review, we consolidate what is currently known about B chromosomes, including their life cycle and evolutionary trajectory, the impact of B chromosomes on their host, and how B chromosomes are transmitted to the next generation. We highlight several prominent B chromosome model systems that have led to significant advances in B chromosome biology, serving as a prologue for the exciting future of the B chromosome field and its many unknowns.</p>","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148359023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mechanisms and Evolutionary Advantages of Unlimited Reproductive Lifespans in Naked Mole-Rat Queens. 裸鼹鼠蜂无限生殖寿命的机制和进化优势。
IF 9.1 1区 生物学
Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2026-06-25 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-011626-014848
Andrew C Pearson, Odei Barreñada, Miguel A Brieño-Enríquez
{"title":"Mechanisms and Evolutionary Advantages of Unlimited Reproductive Lifespans in Naked Mole-Rat Queens.","authors":"Andrew C Pearson, Odei Barreñada, Miguel A Brieño-Enríquez","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-011626-014848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-011626-014848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The naked mole-rat (<i>Heterocephalus glaber</i>) defies mammalian norms with lifelong fertility and postnatal oogenesis. Unlike most mammals, which experience reproductive senescence due to depletion of a finite ovarian follicle pool, naked mole-rat queens maintain fertility for their entire 30+-year lifespan through multiple mechanisms, including postnatal oogenesis, an exceptionally large ovarian reserve, and maintenance of primordial germ cells into adulthood. This review explores the unique reproductive biology of naked mole-rats within the context of their eusocial lifestyle, examining how social suppression of reproduction in subordinates, the role of very-high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (vHMW-HA) in cancer resistance and tissue maintenance, and the maintenance of germline stem cell populations contribute to their extraordinary reproductive longevity. We discuss the evolutionary advantages of eusociality, mechanisms of reproductive suppression and activation, and the potential of naked mole-rats as a research model for understanding ovarian aging and developing fertility-preserving therapies in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148325698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
首页 上一页 下一页 尾页
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整，为了账户安全，请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们：info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务，方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号：604180095
Book学术官方微信
小红书