Annual review of genetics最新文献_第3页

Cellular, Molecular, and Genetic Mechanisms of Avian Beak Development and Evolution. 鸟喙发育和进化的细胞、分子和遗传机制。

IF 8.7 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-101929

Richard A Schneider

{"title":"Cellular, Molecular, and Genetic Mechanisms of Avian Beak Development and Evolution.","authors":"Richard A Schneider","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-101929","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-101929","url":null,"abstract":"Diverse research programs employing complementary strategies have been uncovering cellular, molecular, and genetic mechanisms essential to avian beak development and evolution. In reviewing these discoveries, I offer an interdisciplinary perspective on bird beaks that spans their derivation from jaws of dinosaurian reptiles, their anatomical and ecological diversification across major taxonomic groups, their common embryonic origins, their intrinsic patterning processes, and their structural integration. I describe how descriptive and experimental approaches, including gene expression and cell lineage analyses, tissue recombinations, surgical transplants, gain- and loss-of-function methods, geometric morphometrics, comparative genomics, and genome-wide association studies, have identified key constituent parts and putative genes regulating beak morphogenesis and evolution. I focus throughout on neural crest mesenchyme, which generates the beak skeleton and other components, and describe how these embryonic progenitor cells mediate species-specific pattern and link form and function as revealed by 20 years of research using chimeras between quail and duck embryos.","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":" ","pages":"433-454"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142124630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Prokaryotic Roots of Eukaryotic Immune Systems 真核生物免疫系统的原核根源

IF 11.1 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-102448

L. Aravind, Gianlucca G. Nicastro, Lakshminarayan M. Iyer, A. Maxwell Burroughs

{"title":"The Prokaryotic Roots of Eukaryotic Immune Systems","authors":"L. Aravind, Gianlucca G. Nicastro, Lakshminarayan M. Iyer, A. Maxwell Burroughs","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-102448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-102448","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past two decades, studies have revealed profound evolutionary connections between prokaryotic and eukaryotic immune systems, challenging the notion of their unrelatedness. Immune systems across the tree of life share an operational framework, shaping their biochemical logic and evolutionary trajectories. The diversification of immune genes in the prokaryotic superkingdoms, followed by lateral transfer to eukaryotes, was central to the emergence of innate immunity in the latter. These include protein domains related to nucleotide second messenger–dependent systems, NAD+/nucleotide degradation, and P-loop NTPase domains of the STAND and GTPase clades playing pivotal roles in eukaryotic immunity and inflammation. Moreover, several domains orchestrating programmed cell death, ultimately of prokaryotic provenance, suggest an intimate link between immunity and the emergence of multicellularity in eukaryotes such as animals. While eukaryotes directly adopted some proteins from bacterial immune systems, they repurposed others for new immune functions from bacterial interorganismal conflict systems. These emerging immune components hold substantial biotechnological potential.","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanisms Underlying the Formation and Evolution of Vertebrate Color Patterns. 脊椎动物颜色模式形成和进化的机制。

IF 8.7 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2023-11-27 Epub Date: 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-031423-120918

Claudius F Kratochwil, Ricardo Mallarino

引用次数: 0

Microglial Transcriptional Signatures in the Central Nervous System: Toward A Future of Unraveling Their Function in Health and Disease. 中枢神经系统的小胶质细胞转录特征:走向揭示其在健康和疾病中的功能的未来。

IF 11.1 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2023-11-27 Epub Date: 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-022223-093643

Haley A Vecchiarelli, Marie-Ève Tremblay

{"title":"Microglial Transcriptional Signatures in the Central Nervous System: Toward A Future of Unraveling Their Function in Health and Disease.","authors":"Haley A Vecchiarelli, Marie-Ève Tremblay","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-022223-093643","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-genet-022223-093643","url":null,"abstract":"Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are primarily derived from the embryonic yolk sac and make their way to the CNS during early development. They play key physiological and immunological roles across the life span, throughout health, injury, and disease. Recent transcriptomic studies have identified gene transcript signatures expressed by microglia that may provide the foundation for unprecedented insights into their functions. Microglial gene expression signatures can help distinguish them from macrophage cell types to a reasonable degree of certainty, depending on the context. Microglial expression patterns further suggest a heterogeneous population comprised of many states that vary according to the spatiotemporal context. Microglial diversity is most pronounced during development, when extensive CNS remodeling takes place, and following disease or injury. A next step of importance for the field will be to identify the functional roles performed by these various microglial states, with the perspective of targeting them therapeutically.","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":" ","pages":"65-86"},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9696384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Paramecium Genetics, Genomics, and Evolution. 草履虫遗传学、基因组学和进化。

IF 8.7 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-071819-104035

Hongan Long, Parul Johri, Jean-Francois Gout, Jiahao Ni, Yue Hao, Timothy Licknack, Yaohai Wang, Jiao Pan, Berenice Jiménez-Marín, Michael Lynch

{"title":"Paramecium Genetics, Genomics, and Evolution.","authors":"Hongan Long, Parul Johri, Jean-Francois Gout, Jiahao Ni, Yue Hao, Timothy Licknack, Yaohai Wang, Jiao Pan, Berenice Jiménez-Marín, Michael Lynch","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-071819-104035","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-genet-071819-104035","url":null,"abstract":"The ciliate genus Paramecium served as one of the first model systems in microbial eukaryotic genetics, contributing much to the early understanding of phenomena as diverse as genome rearrangement, cryptic speciation, cytoplasmic inheritance, and endosymbiosis, as well as more recently to the evolution of mating types, introns, and roles of small RNAs in DNA processing. Substantial progress has recently been made in the area of comparative and population genomics. Paramecium species combine some of the lowest known mutation rates with some of the largest known effective populations, along with likely very high recombination rates, thereby harboring a population-genetic environment that promotes an exceptionally efficient capacity for selection. As a consequence, the genomes are extraordinarily streamlined, with very small intergenic regions combined with small numbers of tiny introns. The subject of the bulk of Paramecium research, the ancient Paramecium aurelia species complex, is descended from two whole-genome duplication events that retain high degrees of synteny, thereby providing an exceptional platform for studying the fates of duplicate genes. Despite having a common ancestor dating to several hundred million years ago, the known descendant species are morphologically indistinguishable, raising significant questions about the common view that gene duplications lead to the origins of evolutionary novelties.","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":"57 ","pages":"391-410"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11334263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138443646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Leveraging Single-Cell Populations to Uncover the Genetic Basis of Complex Traits. 利用单细胞群体揭示复杂性状的遗传基础。

IF 11.1 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2023-11-27 Epub Date: 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-022123-110824

Mark A A Minow, Alexandre P Marand, Robert J Schmitz

{"title":"Leveraging Single-Cell Populations to Uncover the Genetic Basis of Complex Traits.","authors":"Mark A A Minow, Alexandre P Marand, Robert J Schmitz","doi":"10.1146/annurev-genet-022123-110824","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-genet-022123-110824","url":null,"abstract":"The ease and throughput of single-cell genomics have steadily improved, and its current trajectory suggests that surveying single-cell populations will become routine. We discuss the merger of quantitative genetics with single-cell genomics and emphasize how this synergizes with advantages intrinsic to plants. Single-cell population genomics provides increased detection resolution when mapping variants that control molecular traits, including gene expression or chromatin accessibility. Additionally, single-cell population genomics reveals the cell types in which variants act and, when combined with organism-level phenotype measurements, unveils which cellular contexts impact higher-order traits. Emerging technologies, notably multiomics, can facilitate the measurement of both genetic changes and genomic traits in single cells, enabling single-cell genetic experiments. The implementation of single-cell genetics will advance the investigation of the genetic architecture of complex molecular traits and provide new experimental paradigms to study eukaryotic genetics.","PeriodicalId":8035,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of genetics","volume":" ","pages":"297-319"},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10775913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9974614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrating Complex Life Cycles in Comparative Developmental Biology. 比较发育生物学中复杂生命周期的整合。

IF 11.1 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2023-11-27 Epub Date: 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-071719-020641

Laurent Formery, Christopher J Lowe

引用次数: 0

Programmed Cell Death in Unicellular Versus Multicellular Organisms. 单细胞与多细胞生物的程序性细胞死亡。

IF 8.7 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2023-11-27 Epub Date: 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-033123-095833

Madhura Kulkarni, J Marie Hardwick

引用次数: 0

RNA Repair: Hiding in Plain Sight. RNA修复:隐藏在视线之中。

IF 11.1 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2023-11-27 Epub Date: 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-071719-021856

Stewart Shuman

引用次数: 0

Pooled Genome-Scale CRISPR Screens in Single Cells. 单个细胞的基因组级CRISPR筛选。

IF 11.1 1区生物学

Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2023-11-27 Epub Date: 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-072920-013842

Daniel Schraivogel, Lars M Steinmetz, Leopold Parts

引用次数: 0