{"title":"The Social Psychology of Justice Repair","authors":"Tyler G. Okimoto, Mario Gollwitzer","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-030124-114525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-030124-114525","url":null,"abstract":"Justice scholars have elaborated a variety of social psychological mechanisms that contribute to our desire to see some action following an injustice, to see justice done. Research over the past 20 years has significantly advanced our understanding of how to repair a sense of justice by articulating the psychological needs that follow from its experience from victim, offender, and observer perspectives. In this review, we summarize key insights from this literature, including the specific needs identified as relevant to justice, the challenges that arise when seeking justice for multiple parties in a conflict, and the procedural approaches that can aid in reconciling disparate perspectives. Following this review, we challenge our own assumption that justice repair is necessary. As a departure from this deficit model, we draw inspiration from adjacent fields of study to propose “justice making” as an alternative avenue for reconciliation in situations where justice repair is unachievable.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Do People Feel About Mates?","authors":"Paul W. Eastwick, Samantha Joel","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-012224-025712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-012224-025712","url":null,"abstract":"Where do positive feelings about a romantic or sexual partner come from? This article offers an overview of—and imposes some structure on—the enormous literature on mate evaluation, from initial attraction to long-term relationship settings. First, we differentiate between research that identifies the factors that predict positive evaluation on average (i.e., normative desirability) and research that attempts to document for whom certain factors are more versus less positive (i.e., heterogeneity in desirability). Second, we review the positive biases that tend to dominate the evaluative process, as well as the promising (and sorely needed) new methods in this research space. Third, we cover contemporary perspectives on the mechanisms that explain how evaluations shift and change over the entire relationship arc. Fourth and finally, we discuss how diversifying the samples and perspectives in mate evaluation research will address novel and generative questions about culture, stigma, and socioeconomic status.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cognitive Control","authors":"David Badre","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-022024-103901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-022024-103901","url":null,"abstract":"Humans and other primates have a remarkable ability to perform a wide range of tasks and behaviors, even novel ones, in order to achieve their goals. Further, they are able to shift flexibly among these behaviors as the contexts demands. Cognitive control is the function at the base of this remarkable behavioral generativity and flexibility. The present review provides a survey of current research on cognitive control focusing on two of its primary features within a control systems framework: (a) the ability to select new behaviors based on context and (b) the ability to monitor ongoing behavior and adjust accordingly. Throughout, the review places an emphasis on how differences in the content and structure of task representations affect these core features of cognitive control.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alexithymia: Towards an Experimental, Processual Affective Science with Effective Interventions","authors":"Olivier Luminet, Kristy A. Nielson","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-021424-030718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-021424-030718","url":null,"abstract":"Alexithymia is a multi-dimensional personality trait involving difficulty identifying feelings, difficulty describing feelings, and an externally oriented thinking style. Poor fantasy life is debated as another facet. For over 50 years, the alexithymia literature has examined how alexithymia-related disturbances in perceiving and expressing feelings contribute to mental and physical disorders. We review the current understanding of alexithymia, including its definition, etiology, measurement, vulnerabilities for both mental and physical illness, and treatment. We emphasize the importance of further experimental and processual affective science research that (a) emphasizes facet-level analysis toward an understanding of the nuanced bases of alexithymia effects on neural, cognitive, and behavioral processes; (b) distinguishes between emotion deficits and emotion over-responding, including when over-responding is functional; and (c) clarifies when and how impairments occur for neutral and positively valenced information or contexts. Taken as a whole, a clarification of these issues will provide clear directions for effective and tailored alexithymia interventions.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142321427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Power and Pitfalls of Social Norms","authors":"Michael Wenzel, Lydia Woodyatt","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-020124-120310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-020124-120310","url":null,"abstract":"Social norms have long been considered across the social and behavioral sciences for their effects on human behavior. This review focuses on norms that explicitly or implicitly convey socially shared views about what people should or should not do. Such injunctive norms can be powerful influences on behavior through internalization or through formal or informal enforcement. They can underpin interventions to shape people's behavior through conformity but can also be drawn upon by individuals to question social practices. However, norms also have pitfalls and may fail to affect behavior as intended: They can pose a threat to the individual's self (autonomy, morality, values), compromise motives and social meanings (intrinsic motivation, trust, sincerity), or be egocentrically reconstrued (through biased perceptions and selective social/temporal referents). Depending on one's stance on an issue, such pitfalls may also be turned into powers to inoculate against undesirable norms or to advance social change.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"216 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142321429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Haptic Perception and Its Relation to Action","authors":"Roberta L. Klatzky","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-011624-101129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-011624-101129","url":null,"abstract":"Haptic perception uses signals from touch receptors to detect, locate, and mentally represent objects and surfaces. Research from behavioral science, neuroscience, and computational modeling advances understanding of these essential functions. Haptic perception is grounded in neural circuitry that transmits external contact to the brain via increasingly abstracted representations. Computational models of mechanical interactions at the skin predict peripheral neural firing rates that initiate the processing chain. Behavioral phenomena and associated neural processes illustrate the reciprocal relationship by which perception supports action and action gates experience. The interaction of sensation and action is evident in how features of surfaces and objects such as softness and curvature are encoded. By incorporating touch sensations in conjunction with motor control, biologically embedded prosthetics enhance user capabilities and may elicit feelings of ownership. Efforts to create virtual haptic experience with advanced technologies underscore the complexity of this fundamental perceptual channel and its relation to action.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"281 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142321428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unawareness of Attitudes, Their Environmental Causes, and Their Behavioral Effects","authors":"Bertram Gawronski, Olivier Corneille","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-051324-031037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-051324-031037","url":null,"abstract":"Claims about unawareness are abundant in attitude research. This article provides an analysis of evidence regarding three aspects of an attitude of which people may lack awareness: (a) the attitude itself, (b) its environmental causes, and (c) its behavioral effects. Our analysis reveals that, despite widespread claims of unawareness of the three aspects, strong empirical evidence for these claims is surprisingly scarce. The article concludes with a discussion of the most likely aspects of attitudes that people may be unaware of; their relation to contextual factors that might influence evaluative responses outside of awareness; open questions about the (un)awareness of attitudes, their environmental causes, and their behavioral effects; and methodological recommendations for future research that aims to provide more compelling evidence for aspects of attitudes that may evade awareness.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elias Garcia-Pelegrin, Alexandra K Schnell, Clive Wilkins, Nicola S Clayton
{"title":"Beyond the Tricks: The Science and Comparative Cognition of Magic.","authors":"Elias Garcia-Pelegrin, Alexandra K Schnell, Clive Wilkins, Nicola S Clayton","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-012723-100945","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-psych-012723-100945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Magic is an art form that has fascinated humans for centuries. Recently, the techniques used by magicians to make their audience experience the impossible have attracted the attention of psychologists, who, in just a couple of decades, have produced a large amount of research regarding how these effects operate, focusing on the blind spots in perception and roadblocks in cognition that magic techniques exploit. Most recently, this investigation has given a pathway to a new line of research that uses magic effects to explore the cognitive abilities of nonhuman animals. This new branch of the scientific study of magic has already yielded new evidence illustrating the power of magic effects as a psychological tool for nonhuman animals. This review aims to give a thorough overview of the research on both the human and nonhuman perception of magic effects by critically illustrating the most prominent works of both fields of inquiry.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"75 ","pages":"269-293"},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139490559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of psychologyPub Date : 2024-01-18Epub Date: 2023-08-16DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-011123-024815
Sandra L Murray, Gabriela S Pascuzzi
{"title":"Pursuing Safety in Social Connection: A Flexibly Fluid Perspective on Risk Regulation in Relationships.","authors":"Sandra L Murray, Gabriela S Pascuzzi","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-011123-024815","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-psych-011123-024815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People are fundamentally motivated to be included in social connections that feel safe, connections where they are consistently cared for and protected, not hurt or exploited. Romantic relationships have long played a crucial role in satisfying this fundamental need. This article reconceptualizes the risk-regulation model to argue that people draw on experiences from inside and outside their romantic relationships to satisfy their fundamental need to feel safe depending on others. We first review the direct relational cues (i.e., a partner's affectionate touch, responsive versus unresponsive behavior, and relative power) and indirect cues (i.e., bodily sensations, collective value in the eyes of others, and living conditions) that signal the current safety of social connection and motivate people to connect to others or protect themselves against them. We then review how people's chronic capacity to trust in others controls their sensitivity and reactivity to the safety cues. The article concludes with future research directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"379-404"},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10388822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of psychologyPub Date : 2024-01-18Epub Date: 2023-08-16DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-021723-063333
Shinobu Kitayama, Cristina E Salvador
{"title":"Cultural Psychology: Beyond East and West.","authors":"Shinobu Kitayama, Cristina E Salvador","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-021723-063333","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-psych-021723-063333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research in cultural psychology over the last three decades has revealed the profound influence of culture on cognitive, emotional, and motivational processes shaping individuals into active agents. This article aims to show cultural psychology's promise in three key steps. First, we review four notable cultural dimensions believed to underlie cultural variations: independent versus interdependent self, individualism versus collectivism, tightness versus looseness of social norms, and relational mobility. Second, we examine how ecology and geography shape human activities and give rise to organized systems of cultural practices and meanings, called eco-cultural complexes. In turn, the eco-cultural complex of each zone is instrumental in shaping a wide range of psychological processes, revealing a psychological diversity that extends beyond the scope of the current East-West literature. Finally, we examine some of the non-Western cultural zones present today, including Arab, East Asian, Latin American, and South Asian zones, and discuss how they may have contributed, to varying degrees, to the formation of the contemporary Western cultural zone.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"495-526"},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10388825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}