Antioxidants最新文献

{"title":"Prevention of Sunlight-Induced Cell Damage by Selective Blue-Violet-Light-Filtering Lenses in A2E-Loaded Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells.","authors":"Coralie Barrau, Mélanie Marie, Camille Ehrismann, Pauline Gondouin, José-Alain Sahel, Thierry Villette, Serge Picaud","doi":"10.3390/antiox13101195","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox13101195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blue light accelerates retinal aging. Previous studies have indicated that wavelengths between 400 and 455 nm are most harmful to aging retinal pigment epithelia (RPE). This study explored whether filtering these wavelengths can protect cells exposed to broad sunlight. Primary porcine RPE cells loaded with 20 µM A2E were exposed to emulated sunlight filtered through eye media at 1.8 mW/cm² for 18 h. Filters selectively filtering out light over 400-455 nm and a dark-yellow filter were interposed. Cell damage was measured by apoptosis, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Sunlight exposure increased apoptosis by 2.7-fold and H₂O₂ by 4.8-fold, and halved MMP compared to darkness. Eye Protect System^TM (EPS) technology, filtering out 25% of wavelengths over 400-455 nm, reduced apoptosis by 44% and H₂O₂ by 29%. The Multilayer Optical Film (MOF), at 80% of light filtered, reduced apoptosis by 91% and H₂O₂ by 69%, and increased MMP by 73%, overpassing the dark-yellow filter. Photoprotection increased almost linearly with blue-violet light filtering (400-455 nm) but not with total blue filtering (400-500 nm). Selective filters filtering out 25% (EPS) to 80% (MOF) of blue-violet light offer substantial protection without affecting perception or non-visual functions, making them promising for preventing light-induced retinal damage with aesthetic acceptance for permanent wear.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimizing Oxidative Stress in the Lens: Alternative Measures for Elevating Glutathione in the Lens to Protect against Cataract.","authors":"Julie C Lim, Lanpeng Jiang, Natasha G Lust, Paul J Donaldson","doi":"10.3390/antiox13101193","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox13101193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxidative stress plays a major role in the formation of the cataract that is the result of advancing age, diabetes or which follows vitrectomy surgery. Glutathione (GSH) is the principal antioxidant in the lens, and so supplementation with GSH would seem like an intuitive strategy to counteract oxidative stress there. However, the delivery of glutathione to the lens is fraught with difficulties, including the limited bioavailability of GSH caused by its rapid degradation, anatomical barriers of the anterior eye that result in insufficient delivery of GSH to the lens, and intracellular barriers within the lens that limit delivery of GSH to its different regions. Hence, more attention should be focused on alternative methods by which to enhance GSH levels in the lens. In this review, we focus on the following three strategies, which utilize the natural molecular machinery of the lens to enhance GSH and/or antioxidant potential in its different regions: the NRF2 pathway, which regulates the transcription of genes involved in GSH homeostasis; the use of lipid permeable cysteine-based analogues to increase the availability of cysteine for GSH synthesis; and the upregulation of the lens's internal microcirculation system, which is a circulating current of Na⁺ ions that drives water transport in the lens and with it the potential delivery of cysteine or GSH. The first two strategies have the potential to restore GSH levels in the epithelium and cortex, while the ability to harness the lens's internal microcirculation system offers the exciting potential to deliver and elevate antioxidant levels in its nucleus. This is an important distinction, as the damage phenotypes for age-related (nuclear) and diabetic (cortical) cataract indicate that antioxidant delivery must be targeted to different regions of the lens in order to alleviate oxidative stress. Given our increasing aging and diabetic populations it has become increasingly important to consider how the natural machinery of the lens can be utilized to restore GSH levels in its different regions and to afford protection from cataract.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Astaxanthin on the Physiological State of Porcine Ovarian Granulose Cells Cultured In Vitro.","authors":"Xiaofen Yang, Dongping Zhou, Lv Gao, Yanxin Wang, Yun Wang, Ruru Jia, Yuwei Bai, Deshun Shi, Fenghua Lu","doi":"10.3390/antiox13101185","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox13101185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The physiological state of Granulosa cells (GCs) is intricately linked to the growth and development of oocytes. Oxidative stress has been found to cause damage to GCs in vitro. Astaxanthin (AST), a well-known natural ketone-type carotenoid, has demonstrated strong antioxidant properties. This study investigates the impact of astaxanthin supplementation on the physiological state of porcine ovarian granulosa cells cultured in vitro. Variations in morphology, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and the expression of apoptosis and anti-oxidation-related genes in porcine GCs from different passages were observed. Significant morphological changes, increases in apoptosis, and decreases in antioxidant capacity resulting from passage were observed. Subsequently, treatment with 5 μmol/L astaxanthin significantly enhanced cell viability, proliferation, antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial function while also regulating the estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels. Additionally, the gene expression of antioxidation, E2, and P4 synthesis markers was assessed, revealing reduced apoptosis and ROS levels in porcine GCs. In conclusion, supplementation with 5 μmol/L astaxanthin in vitro effectively enhances the physiological condition of porcine GCs and optimizes the culture system for these cells in vitro. Optimizing the culture system of porcine GCs in vitro can simulate the function of granulosa cells in vivo and provide a theoretical reference for further promoting follicular development, which is beneficial to improving sow fertility in actual production.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silibinin Suppresses Inflammatory Responses Induced by Exposure to Asian Sand Dust.","authors":"Se-Jin Lee, So-Won Pak, Woong-Il Kim, Sin-Hyang Park, Young-Kwon Cho, Je-Won Ko, Tae-Won Kim, Joong-Sun Kim, Jong-Choon Kim, Je-Oh Lim, In-Sik Shin","doi":"10.3390/antiox13101187","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox13101187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asian sand dust (ASD), generated from the deserts of China and Mongolia, affects Korea and Japan during spring and autumn, causing harmful effects on various bio-organs, including the respiratory system, due to its irritants such as fine dust, chemicals, and toxic materials. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects of silibinin against ASD-induced airway inflammation using mouse macrophage-like cell line RAW264.7 and a murine model. ASD was intranasally administered to mice three times a week and silibinin was administered for 6 days by oral gavage. In ASD-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, silibinin treatment decreased tumor necrosis factor-α production and reduced the expression of p-p65NF-κB, p-p38, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, while increasing heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression. In ASD-exposed mice, silibinin administration reduced inflammatory cell count and cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and decreased inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue. Additionally, silibinin lowered oxidative stress, as evidenced by decreased 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosin (8-OHdG) expression and increased HO-1 expression. The expression of inflammatory-related proteins, including p-p65NF-κB, COX-2, and p-p38, was markedly reduced by silibinin administration. Overall, silibinin treatment reduced the expression of p-p65NF-κB, COX-2, and p-p38 in response to ASD exposure, while increasing HO-1 expression both in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that silibinin mitigates pulmonary inflammation caused by ASD exposure by reducing inflammatory signaling and oxidative stress, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent for ASD-induced pulmonary inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Single-Cell Atlas of the Substantia Nigra Reveals Therapeutic Effects of Icaritin in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Hao Wu, Zhen-Hua Zhang, Ping Zhou, Xin Sui, Xi Liu, Yi Sun, Xin Zhao, Xiao-Ping Pu","doi":"10.3390/antiox13101183","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox13101183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Degeneration and death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain are the main pathological changes in Parkinson's disease (PD); however, the mechanism underlying the selective vulnerability of specific neuronal populations in PD remains unclear. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to identify seven cell clusters, including oligodendrocytes, neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, microglia, synapse-rich cells (SRCs), and endothelial cells, in the substantia nigra of a rotenone-induced rat model of PD based on marker genes and functional definitions. We found that SRCs were a previously unidentified cell subtype, and the tight interactions between SRCs and other cell populations can be improved by icaritin, which is a flavonoid extracted from <i>Epimedium sagittatum</i> Maxim. and exerts anti-neuroinflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-improving effects in PD. We also demonstrated that icaritin bound with transcription factors of SRCs, and icaritin application modulated synaptic characterization of SRCs, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and survival of dopaminergic neurons, and improved abnormal energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and phospholipase D metabolism of astrocytes in the substantia nigra of rats with PD. Moreover, icaritin supplementation also promotes the recovery of the physiological homeostasis of the other cell clusters to delay the pathogenesis of PD. These data uncovered previously unknown cellular diversity in a rat model of Parkinson's disease and provide insights into the promising therapeutic potential of icaritin in PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Ferulic Acid on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Gut Microbiota Imbalance in Linwu Ducks.","authors":"Yang Liu, Xuan Huang, Chuang Li, Ping Deng, Xu Zhang, Yan Hu, Qiuzhong Dai","doi":"10.3390/antiox13101190","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox13101190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxidative stress is a major factor that limits the development of the poultry industry. Ferulic acid (FA) has an antioxidant effect in birds, but the mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we stimulated oxidative stress in 28-day-old female Linwu ducks by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and fed them a diet supplemented with FA for 28 days. Results showed that FA alleviated LPS-induced growth performance regression, oxidative stress, and microbiota imbalance in ducks. An integrated metagenomics and metabolomics analysis revealed that <i>s_Blautia_obeum</i>, <i>s_Faecalibacterium_prausnitzii</i>, <i>s_gemmiger_formicilis</i>, and <i>s_Ruminococcaceae_bacterium</i> could be the biomarkers in the antioxidant effect of FA, which interacted with dihydro-3-coumaric acid, L-phenylalanine, and 13(S)-HODE, and regulated the phenylalanine metabolism and PPAR signaling pathway. This study revealed the mechanism of the antioxidant effect of FA, which provided evidence of applying FA as a new antioxidant in commercial duck production.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local Application of a New Chalconic Derivative (Chalcone T4) Reduces Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in a Periodontitis Model in Rats.","authors":"Angelo Constantino Camilli, Mariely Araújo de Godoi, Vitória Bonan Costa, Natalie Aparecida Rodrigues Fernandes, Giovani Cirelli, Larissa Kely Faustino da Silva, Letícia Ribeiro Assis, Luis Octavio Regasini, Morgana Rodrigues Guimarães-Stabili","doi":"10.3390/antiox13101192","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox13101192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chalcones are phenolic compounds with biological properties. This study had the aim to evaluate the effects of topical administration of a new synthetic chalcone, Chalcone T4, in an animal model of periodontitis induced by ligature. Forty rats were distributed in the following experimental groups: negative control (without periodontitis and topical application of distilled water), positive control (periodontitis and topical application of distilled water), chalcone I and II (periodontitis and topical application of 0.6 mg/mL and 1.8 mg/mL, respectively). Chalcone or distilled water was administered into the gingival sulcus of the first molars daily for 10 days, starting with the ligature installation. The following outcomes were evaluated: alveolar bone loss (µCT and methylene blue dye staining), quantification of osteoclasts (histomorphometry), cell infiltrate and collagen content (stereometry), gene expression of mediators (<i>Nfact11, Tnf-α, Mmp-13, iNos, Sod and Nrf2</i>) by (RT-qPCR); expression of BCL-2 and Caspase-1 (immunohistochemistry). Chalcone T4 inhibited bone resorption and prevented collagen matrix degradation. Reduction in the expression of inflammatory markers (<i>Nfact11, Tnf-α, Mmp-13</i>, and Caspase-1), attenuation of oxidative stress (<i>iNOS</i> reduction, and increase in <i>Sod</i>), and pro-apoptotic effect of the compound (BCL-2 reduction), were associated its effects on periodontal tissues. Topical application of Chalcone T4 prevented bone resorption and inflammation, demonstrating potential in the adjunctive treatment of periodontitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504102/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization and Bioactive Evaluation of <i>Bifurcaria bifurcata</i> Antioxidant-Rich Extracts for Functional Food and Pharmaceutical Applications.","authors":"Aurora Silva, Maria Carpena, Lucia Cassani, Clara Grosso, Paula Garcia-Oliveira, Cristina Delerue-Matos, Jesus Simal-Gandara, Maria Fatima Barroso, Miguel A Prieto","doi":"10.3390/antiox13101189","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox13101189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, consumers have been increasingly interested in natural, healthier, functional foods, with a focus on sea-based products such as algae. <i>Bifurcaria bifurcata</i> (BB) is a macroalga that belongs to the Phaeophyceae class. These brown algae are recognized as the source of bioactive molecules of great interest to the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. The present work applied response surface methodology to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction of the poorly studied algae. The optimization variables were time, pressure, and solvent composition (ethanol/water) and the response parameters selected were yield, total phenolic and flavonoid content, and the antioxidant profile by evaluating DPPH^•+, ABTS^•+ scavenging activity, and β-carotene discoloration capacity. The results obtained reveal remarkable bioactivity of the crude extract of BB with positive results as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. Furthermore, the BB extract's capacity to inhibit enzymes related to neurodegenerative diseases and its anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferation activity open the possibility of future food or pharmaceutical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Properties and Sensory Quality of Kombucha Analogs Based on Herbal Infusions.","authors":"Marta Czarnowska-Kujawska, Joanna Klepacka, Małgorzata Starowicz, Patrycja Lesińska","doi":"10.3390/antiox13101191","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox13101191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditionally, kombucha is produced by the fermentation of black or green tea infusions with the use of SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeasts). However, SCOBY exhibits the ability to ferment other substrates as well, which can be used to create novel products with new sensory and health-promoting properties. This paper investigates the antioxidant activity, chemical composition, and sensory properties of mint, nettle, and blackcurrant leaf-based kombucha analogs. It has been demonstrated that the fermentation process with SCOBY significantly influenced (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) sugar, organic acids, and mineral contents, with the increase in iron, magnesium, and calcium amounts in all tested herbal kombucha. The study shows that the type of herb infusion has a significant influence on the parameters associated with antioxidant potential. The fermentation with SCOBY resulted in an increase in antioxidant activity as measured by the superoxide anion radical (O₂^•-) inhibition of all three tested herbal infusions, with the greatest changes observed in nettle kombucha. Herbal kombucha was characterized by significantly increased total phenolic content as determined by Folin's reagent and a changed phenolic compound profile by LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry) in comparison to nonfermented infusions. Very high sensory scores were achieved for fermented mint and blackcurrant-based kombucha.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antidiabetic and Antigout Properties of the Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Total Biflavonoids from <i>Selaginella doederleinii</i> Revealed by In Vitro and In Silico Studies.","authors":"Qiong Gao, Lei Qiao, Yiru Hou, Hailin Ran, Feng Zhang, Chao Liu, Juxiang Kuang, Shixing Deng, Yongmei Jiang, Gang Wang, Xin Zhang","doi":"10.3390/antiox13101184","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox13101184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, the extraction, purification and metabolic enzyme inhibition potential of <i>Selaginella doederleinii</i> were investigated. In order to extract the total biflavonoids from <i>S. doederleinii</i> (SDTBs), the optimum extraction process was obtained by optimizing the ultrasonic extraction parameters using response-surface methodology. This resulted in a total biflavonoid content of 22.26 ± 0.35 mg/g. Purification of the <i>S. doederleinii</i> extract was carried out using octadecylsilane (ODS), and the transfer rate of the SDTBs was 82.12 ± 3.48% under the optimum purification conditions. We determined the effect of the SDTBs on α-glucosidase (AG), α-amylase and xanthine oxidase (XOD) and found that the SDTBs had an extremely potent inhibitory effect on AG, with an IC₅₀ value of 57.46 μg/mL, which was much lower than that of the positive control. Meanwhile, they also showed significant inhibition of XOD and α-amylase, with IC₅₀ values of 289.67 μg/mL and 50.85 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, molecular docking studies were carried out to understand the nature of the action of the biflavonoids on AG and XOD. The results showed that robustaflavone had the lowest binding energy to AG (-11.33 kcal/mol) and XOD (-10.21 kcal/mol), while, on the other hand, amentoflavone showed a good binding affinity to AG (-10.40 kcal/mol) and XOD (-9.962 kcal/mol). Moreover, molecular dynamics simulations verified the above results.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}