Antioxidants最新文献

{"title":"Box-Behnken Design Optimization of Green Extraction from Tomato Aerial Parts and Axillary Shoots for Enhanced Recovery of Rutin and Complementary Bioactive Compounds.","authors":"Simona Marcu Spinu, Mihaela Dragoi Cudalbeanu, Nikola Major, Smiljana Goreta Ban, Igor Palčić, Alina Ortan, Petronela Mihaela Rosu, Narcisa Elena Babeanu","doi":"10.3390/antiox14091062","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14091062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tomato aerial parts and axillary shoots represent underutilized agricultural residues with promising phytochemical potential. Despite the recognized antioxidant capacity of rutin, current literature lacks optimized, comparative studies on its extraction from distinct tomato vegetative components. This study aimed to maximize the recovery of rutin and other bioactive compounds from tomato plant biomass using green extraction techniques-microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE)-optimized through Box-Behnken design (BBD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The extraction process was optimized for three key variables: temperature, solvent concentration, and plant-to-solvent ratio. Four main responses were evaluated: total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity (DPPH), and rutin concentration. The highest rutin content (8614.23 mg/kg) was obtained in extracts from axillary shoots using MAE. Overall, MAE proved more efficient in recovering both primary and secondary metabolites from axillary shoots, while UAE favored the extraction of certain micronutrients and specific amino acids. Cascade extraction further improved the recovery of key compounds such as vitamin E and quinic acid. The comparative profiling of extracts revealed significant phytochemical differences between tomato aerial parts and axillary shoots, addressing a gap in the literature and underscoring the importance of optimized extraction strategies. These findings highlight tomato plant waste as a valuable source of antioxidant compounds and set the stage for future investigations into their biological activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating Key Components and Mechanisms Underlying the Synergistic Anti-Type 2 Diabetes Effect of <i>Morus alba</i> L. and <i>Siraitia grosvenorii</i> Combination: An Integrated In Vitro Enzymology, Untargeted Metabolomics, and Network Pharmacology Approach.","authors":"Fang He, Shenglan Su, Ruihan Song, Yan Li, Luyan Zou, Zongjun Li, Yu Xiao, Aixiang Hou, Ke Li, Yuanliang Wang","doi":"10.3390/antiox14091065","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14091065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although mulberry leaf (<i>Morus alba</i> L., ML) and <i>Siraitia grosvenorii</i> (SG) individually demonstrate anti-diabetic properties, their combined efficacy against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unexplored. This study systematically explored the multi-target mechanisms and synergistic potential of the MLSG combination (MLSG) for T2DM intervention. We evaluated the in vitro inhibitory activities of MLSG, ML, and SG on α-amylase and α-glucosidase, alongside antioxidant capacity assessments through DPPH/ABTS radical scavenging, reducing power, and FRAP assays. Bioactive metabolites were identified using non-targeted metabolomics, while core targets and pathways were predicted using network pharmacology and validated through molecular docking. The results reveal MLSG's significantly enhanced inhibition of α-amylase (IC₅₀ = 14.06 mg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC₅₀ = 0.02 mg/mL) compared to individual extracts, exhibiting 1.3-15.5-fold higher potency with synergistic effects (combination index < 1). MLSG also showed improved antioxidant capacity, outperforming SG in DPPH/ABTS⁺ scavenging and reducing power (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and surpassing ML in ABTS⁺ scavenging, reducing power, and FRAP values (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Metabolomics identified 26 MLSG-derived metabolites with anti-T2DM potential, and network analysis pinpointed 26 active components primarily targeting STAT3, AKT1, PIK3CA, EGFR, and MAPK1 to regulate T2DM pathways. Molecular docking confirmed strong binding affinities between these components and core targets. Collectively, MLSG exerts potent synergistic anti-T2DM effects through dual-enzyme inhibition, elevated antioxidant activity, and multi-target pathway regulation, providing a solid foundation for developing MLSG as functional food ingredients.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early-Life Hydrogen Sulfide Signaling as a Target for Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Reprogramming.","authors":"Chien-Ning Hsu, Ying-Jui Lin, Chih-Yao Hou, Yu-Wei Chen, You-Lin Tain","doi":"10.3390/antiox14091064","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14091064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), once regarded solely as a toxic gas, is now recognized as a vital endogenous signaling molecule with important roles in both health and disease. Growing evidence supports the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) framework, in which early-life disturbances in H₂S signaling may drive the later development of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome-a condition that encompasses chronic kidney disease, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. This review highlights the emerging importance of H₂S in CKM programming and the potential of H₂S-based interventions during gestation and lactation to prevent long-term adverse health outcomes in offspring. Findings from animal studies suggest that maternal supplementation with sulfur-containing amino acids, <i>N</i>-acetylcysteine, H₂S donors, and related sulfur-containing biomolecules can attenuate CKM-related risks in progeny. Despite these advances, several critical areas remain underexplored, including the role of gut microbiota-derived H₂S, the epigenetic mechanisms influenced by H₂S during development, and the clinical translation of preclinical findings. Targeting H₂S signaling offers a promising strategy for early-life prevention of CKM syndrome and may also hold broader potential for preventing other DOHaD-related chronic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dual Role of Nanomaterials in Ovarian Cancer and Female Fertility as Anti- and Prooxidants.","authors":"Massimo Aloisi, Gianna Rossi, Sandra Cecconi","doi":"10.3390/antiox14091066","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14091066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanomaterials (NMs) are becoming increasingly important in biomedical applications, especially in reproductive biology and oncology. In this review, we examined the \"double face\" of NMs as prooxidants and antioxidants in relation to ovarian cancer and female fertility. NMs have been shown to reduce oxidative stress pathways in tumors, enhancing the effectiveness of chemotherapy and serving as carriers for drugs and compounds. They are also considered for their protective effects on female fertility by improving oocyte quality, maturation, and survival under various healthy and adverse conditions. However, certain NMs can induce oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ovarian tissue apoptosis when present in high concentrations or after prolonged exposure. These \"double face\" effects highlight the complex nature of NMs' concentration, shape, and biocompatibility. Although NMs show promise in cancer treatment and fertility preservation, a comprehensive assessment of their prooxidant potential is necessary for successful clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466870/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthetic Cyclic C₅-Curcuminoids Increase Antioxidant Defense and Reduce Inflammation in 6-OHDA-Induced Retinoic Acid-Differentiated SH-SY5Y Cells.","authors":"Edina Pandur, Gergely Gulyás-Fekete, Győző Kulcsár, Imre Huber","doi":"10.3390/antiox14091057","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14091057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is recognized as one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders globally. The primary factor contributing to this condition is the loss of dopaminergic neurons, which results in both motor and nonmotor symptoms. The etiology of neurodegeneration remains unclear. However, it is characterized by the elevated production of reactive oxygen species, which subsequently leads to oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. The investigation of the applicability of natural compounds and their derivatives to various diseases is becoming increasingly important. The possible role of curcumin from <i>Curcuma longa</i> L. and its derivatives in the treatment of PD has been partially investigated, but there are no data on the action of synthetic cyclic C₅-curcuminoids and chalcones tested in a Parkinson's model. Two chalcones and five synthetic cyclic C₅-curcuminoids with potential antioxidant properties were investigated in an in vitro model of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neurodegeneration in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant enzyme activity, thiol and ATP levels, caspase-3 activity, and cytokine release were examined after treatment with the test compounds. Based on these results, one cyclic chalcone (compound <b>5</b>) and three synthetic cyclic C₅-curcuminoids (compounds <b>9</b>, <b>12</b>, and <b>13</b>) decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis in our in vitro model of neurodegeneration. Compounds <b>5</b> and <b>9</b> were also successful in decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α), while promoting the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). These findings indicate that these two compounds exhibit potential antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties, rendering them promising candidates for drug development.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Family of Lipid-Activated Nuclear Receptors Alpha Silencing Promotes Oxidative Stress and Hypertrophic Phenotype in Rat Cardiac Cells.","authors":"Marzia Bianchi, Nadia Panera, Sara Petrillo, Nicolò Cicolani, Cristiano De Stefanis, Marco Scarsella, Domenico Ciavardelli, Fiorella Piemonte, Anna Alisi, Anna Pastore","doi":"10.3390/antiox14091059","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14091059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor family of lipid-activated nuclear receptors (PPARs) plays a critical role in the regulation of cellular lipid metabolism. In cardiac muscle, PPARα is highly expressed and regulates genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, but its activity is downregulated in hypertrophic hearts; however, the consequences of chronic PPARα deficiency on the cardiac contractile apparatus remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the PPARα role in hypertrophic phenotype and to evaluate the potential effects of the antioxidant Ebselen (Ebs) treatment on changes associated with PPARα depletion. We thus generated an in vitro model of cardiac hypertrophy by stable silencing of the <i>PPARA</i> gene in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts. We observed that PPARα silencing induces a hypertrophic phenotype, characterized by increased <i>NPPB</i> and decreased <i>FBXO32</i> expression, mitochondrial dysregulation, impaired lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis-related alterations. Epigenetically, H3K27ac levels increased while H3K27me3 decreased. Moreover, miR-34a, miR-132, and miR-331 were downregulated, implicating a miRNA-mediated mechanism in PPARα-linked cardiac hypertrophy. Treatment with Ebs, a redox-active compound with inhibitory effects on ferroptosis and epigenetics, reversed hypertrophic phenotype and restored miRNA levels. In conclusion, we found that PPARα depletion promotes oxidative stress and hypertrophic phenotype and that Ebs may act as a potential therapeutic agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ferrostatin-1 Prevents Salivary Gland Dysfunction in an Ovariectomized Rat Model by Suppressing Mitophagy-Driven Ferroptosis.","authors":"Gi Cheol Park, Soo-Young Bang, Ji Min Kim, Sung-Chan Shin, Yong-Il Cheon, Hanaro Park, Sunghwan Suh, Jung Hwan Cho, Eui-Suk Sung, Minhyung Lee, Jin-Choon Lee, Byung-Joo Lee","doi":"10.3390/antiox14091058","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14091058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salivary gland dysfunction is a common but underexplored complication of menopause that contributes to oral dryness, dysphagia, and increased risk of infection. Although ferroptosis, a form of regulated necrotic cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, has recently been implicated in postmenopausal tissue degeneration, its regulatory mechanisms in salivary glands remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the roles of mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy in driving ferroptosis-induced salivary gland injury in an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of estrogen deficiency. OVX rats exhibited elevated markers of oxidative stress, lipid accumulation, and iron overload, and suppression of GPX4 activity in the salivary glands, consistent with ferroptotic activation. These changes were accompanied by impaired mitochondrial dynamics (MFN1 and OPA1), decreased expression of mitochondrial antioxidant regulators (PGC-1α, SOD, and catalase), and upregulation of mitophagy-related genes (<i>PINK1</i>, <i>ULK1</i>, <i>Rab9</i>, and <i>LC3B</i>), as well as LAMP, a lysosomal marker involved in autophagosome-lysosome fusion, while ferritinophagy (NCOA4) remained unchanged. Early administration of ferrostatin-1 effectively suppressed these pathological changes, preserving both glandular structure and function, as evidenced by the restored AQP5 and AMY2A expression. Collectively, our findings reveal that ferroptosis in estrogen-deficient salivary glands is regulated by mitochondrial instability and aberrant mitophagy, and ferrostatin-1 mitigates this cascade through multi-level mitochondrial protection. These results highlight ferrostatin-1 as a promising preventive agent against menopause-associated salivary gland dysfunction, with broader implications for organ-specific ferroptosis modulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Levels of Oxidative Stress in Human Prostate Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Prostate Cancer: Evidence from 4-Hydroxyneonal Detection and Its Implications.","authors":"Geou-Yarh Liou, Woojung Kim, Tamiya M Hobbs","doi":"10.3390/antiox14091060","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14091060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prostate cancer is not only the most common type of cancer in elderly American men but also the 2nd leading cause of cancer death in American men. The currently available treatments in clinics target male hormones that are majorly required for maintaining many physiological functions, including muscle strength, leading to poor life quality and subsequent patient-opted intermittent treatment. Aging is a key factor in prostate cancer that is associated with increased levels of oxidative stress. Several lines of evidence indicated elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in prostate cancer, including its precursor, prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). In this current study, we utilized 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE) as a general readout for overall oxidative stress to demonstrate the imbalance between ROS and antioxidants in human prostate cancer and its precursor lesion in both human culture cell lines and tissue samples. Our results showed that the production of 4HNE adducts was increased in human prostate cancer cells and was non-linearly correlated with prostate cancer stage. They also provided insight into prevention and potential therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Regulatory Effects of Fermented Chinese Chive on Early Testicular Development in Piglets.","authors":"Yupeng Xie, Suthar Teerath Kumar, Hong Zou, Ting-Ting Luo, Yunpeng Zhang, Qi Zhang, Yang Li, Kai-Min Niu, Zhenya Zhai, Chunfeng Wang, Wu-Sheng Sun, Shu-Min Zhang","doi":"10.3390/antiox14091056","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14091056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early testicular development is vital for adult male fertility but remains highly vulnerable to stress during the suckling stage. Fermented Chinese chive (<i>Allium tuberosum</i>) is known for its antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties, yet its role in testicular development remains unclear. In this study, Songliao Black piglets received 3‱ fermented Chinese chive (LK group) mixed with starter feed and compared to a control (OD group). Testicular samples at weaning (28 days) underwent transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Although no significant differences were observed in gross testicular morphology, the LK group significantly increased individual (13.85%) and litter (15.11%) weaning weights (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with elevated serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and a 32.2% rise in IgG levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Integrated analysis identified 76 shared pathways, including ferroptosis, insulin resistance, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, and cAMP signaling. Upregulated genes in the LK group were mainly related to energy metabolism, antioxidant defense, immune regulation, steroidogenesis, and neuroendocrine signaling, suggesting improved metabolic activity, reduced oxidative stress, and accelerated reproductive maturation. Molecular docking indicated that kaempferol and isorhamnetin from Chinese chive bind strongly to proteins involved in testicular development. Overall, fermented Chinese chive supplementation enhances early testicular development in suckling piglets via integrated modulation of metabolic, immune, and signaling pathways, providing a nutritional strategy to optimize reproductive potential in breeding boars.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas Plasma Combination Therapies-Promises from Preclinical Oncology Research.","authors":"Lingyun Yu, Julia Berner, Alice Martinet, Eric Freund, Debora Singer, Thomas von Woedtke, Klaus-Dieter Weltmann, Steffen Emmert, Ramona Clemen, Sander Bekeschus","doi":"10.3390/antiox14091055","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antiox14091055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The absent decline in cancer mortality rates is primarily due to moderate therapeutic efficacy and intrinsic or acquired tumor cell resistance toward treatments. Combining different oncology treatments increases therapy success and decreases the chance of refractory tumor cells. Therefore, combination cancer treatments are the principal paradigm of 21st-century oncology. Physical modalities such as radiotherapy have a long-standing tradition in such combination treatments. In the last decade, another physical principle emerged as a promising anticancer agent: cold gas plasma. This partially ionized gas, operated at about body temperature, emits multiple bioactive components, including reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). This technology's multi-ROS/RNS nature cannot be phenocopied by other means, and it capitalizes on the vulnerability of tumor cells within metabolic and redox signaling pathways. Many cancer models exposed to mono or combination gas plasma treatments have shown favorable results, and first cancer patients have benefited from cold gas plasma therapy. The main findings and proposed mechanisms of action are summarized. Considering the specific application modes, this review identifies promising gas plasma combination therapies within guideline-directed treatment schemes for several tumor entities. In conclusion, gas plasmas may become a potential (neo)adjuvant therapy to existing treatment modalities to help improve the efficacy of oncological treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}