{"title":"Editorial: a web-based archive of norms, stimuli, and data.","authors":"Jonathan Vaughan","doi":"10.3758/bf03195583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03195583","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79800,"journal":{"name":"Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc","volume":"36 3","pages":"363-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3758/bf03195583","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25066406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Type-based bigram frequencies for five-letter words.","authors":"Laura R Novick, Steven J Sherman","doi":"10.3758/bf03195587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03195587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Researchers often require subjects to make judgments that call upon their knowledge of the orthographic structure of English words. Such knowledge is relevant in experiments on, for example, reading, lexical decision, and anagram solution. One common measure of orthographic structure is the sum of the frequencies of consecutive bigrams in the word. Traditionally, researchers have relied on token-based norms of bigram frequencies. These norms confound bigram frequency with word frequency because each instance (i.e., token) of a particular word in a corpus of running text increments the frequencies of the bigrams that it contains. In this article, the authors report a set of type-based bigram frequencies in which each word (i.e., type) contributes only once, thereby unconfounding bigram frequency from word frequency. The authors show that type-based bigram frequency is a better predictor of the difficulty of anagram solution than is token-based frequency. These norms can be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive/.</p>","PeriodicalId":79800,"journal":{"name":"Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc","volume":"36 3","pages":"397-401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3758/bf03195587","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25066410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Imageability ratings for 3,000 monosyllabic words.","authors":"Michael J Cortese, April Fugett","doi":"10.3758/bf03195585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03195585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Imageability ratings made on a 1-7 scale and reaction times for 3,000 monosyllabic words were obtained from 31 participants. Analyses comparing these ratings to 1,153 common words from Toglia and Battig (1978) indicate that these ratings are valid. Reliability was assessed (alpha = .95). The information obtained in this study adds to that of other normative studies and is useful to researchers interested in manipulating or controlling imageability in word recognition and memory studies. These norms can be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive/.</p>","PeriodicalId":79800,"journal":{"name":"Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc","volume":"36 3","pages":"384-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3758/bf03195585","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25066408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Free associations and dominance ratings of homophones for young and older adults.","authors":"Katherine K White, Lise Abrams","doi":"10.3758/bf03195589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03195589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Homophones are words that share phonology but differ in meaning and spelling (e.g., beach, beech). This article presents the results of normative surveys that asked young and older adults to free associate to and rate the dominance of 197 homophones. Although norms exist for young adults on word familiarity and frequency for homophones, these results supplement the literature by (1) reporting the four most frequent responses to visually presented homophones for both young and older adults, and (2) reporting young and older adults' ratings of homophone dominance. Results indicated that young and older adults gave the same first response to 67% of the homophones and rated homophone dominance similarly on 60% of the homophone sets. These results identify a subset of homophones that are preferable for research with young and older adults because of age-related equivalence in free association and dominance ratings. These norms can be downloaded from the Psychonomic Society's Web archive, www.psychonomic.org/archive/.</p>","PeriodicalId":79800,"journal":{"name":"Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc","volume":"36 3","pages":"408-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3758/bf03195589","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25066412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Frequency of occurrence for units of phonemes, morae, and syllables appearing in a lexical corpus of a Japanese newspaper.","authors":"Katsuo Tamaoka, Shogo Makioka","doi":"10.3758/bf03195600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03195600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On the basis of the lexical corpus created by Amano and Kondo (2000), using the Asahi newspaper, the present study provides frequencies of occurrence for units of Japanese phonemes, morae, and syllables. Among the five vowels, /a/ (23.42%), /i/ (21.54%), /u/ (23.47%), and /o/ (20.63%) showed similar frequency rates, whereas /e/ (10.94%) was less frequent. Among the 12 consonants, /k/ (17.24%), /t/ (15.53%), and /r/ (13.11%) were used often, whereas /p/ (0.60%) and /b/ (2.43%) appeared far less frequently. Among the contracted sounds, /sj/ (36.44%) showed the highest frequency, whereas /mj/ (0.27%) rarely appeared. Among the five long vowels, /aR/ (34.4%) was used most frequently, whereas /uR/ (12.11%) was not used so often. The special sound /N/ appeared very frequently in Japanese. The syllable combination /k/+V+/N/ (19.91%) appeared most frequently among syllabic combinations with the nasal /N/. The geminate (or voiceless obstruent) /Q/, when placed before the four consonants /p/, /t/, /k/, and /s/, appeared 98.87% of the time, but the remaining 1.13% did not follow the definition. The special sounds /R/, /N/, and /Q/ seem to appear very frequently in Japanese, suggesting that they are not special in terms of frequency counts. The present study further calculated frequencies for the 33 newly and officially listed morae/syllables, which are used particularly for describing alphabetic loanwords. In addition, the top 20 bi-mora frequency combinations are reported. Files of frequency indexes may be downloaded from the Psychonomic Society Web archive at http://www.psychonomic.org/archive/.</p>","PeriodicalId":79800,"journal":{"name":"Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc","volume":"36 3","pages":"531-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3758/bf03195600","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24896555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Normative data on the familiarity and difficulty of 196 Spanish word fragments.","authors":"Carmen Dasí, María José Soler, Juan Carlos Ruiz","doi":"10.3758/bf03195602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03195602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, normative data on the familiarity and difficulty of 196 single-solution Spanish word fragments are presented. The database includes the following indices: difficulty, familiarity, frequency, number of meanings, number of letters given in the fragment, first and/or last letters given, and ratio of letters to blanks. A factor analysis was performed on difficulty, and two factors were obtained. Frequency, familiarity, and number of meanings loaded highly on the first factor, which we consider to measure lexical processes, whereas number of letters in the fragment, first and/or last letters given, and ratio of letters to blanks loaded highly on the second factor, which we judge to be determined by perceptual information. Regression analyses using factor scores as predictors showed that both factors accounted for a significant part of the completion probability scores. The full set of these norms may be downloaded from the Psychonomic Society Web archive at www.psychonomic.org/archive/.</p>","PeriodicalId":79800,"journal":{"name":"Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc","volume":"36 3","pages":"559-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3758/bf03195602","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24896557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valérie Schwitter, Bruno Boyer, Alain Méot, Patrick Bonin, Marina Laganaro
{"title":"French normative data and naming times for action pictures.","authors":"Valérie Schwitter, Bruno Boyer, Alain Méot, Patrick Bonin, Marina Laganaro","doi":"10.3758/bf03195603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03195603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the present study was to provide French normative data for 112 action line drawings. The set of action pictures consisted of 71 drawings taken from Masterson and Druks (1998) and 41 additional drawings. It was standardized on six psycholinguistic variables--that is, name agreement, image agreement, image variability, visual complexity, conceptual familiarity, and age of acquisition (AoA). Naming latencies to the action pictures were collected, and a regression analysis was performed on the naming latencies, with the standardized variables, as well as with word frequency and length, taken as predictors. A reliable influence of AoA, name agreement, and image agreement on the naming latencies was observed. The findings are consistent with previous published studies in other languages. The full set of these norms may be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive/.</p>","PeriodicalId":79800,"journal":{"name":"Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc","volume":"36 3","pages":"564-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3758/bf03195603","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24896558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A web-based interface to calculate phonotactic probability for words and nonwords in English.","authors":"Michael S Vitevitch, Paul A Luce","doi":"10.3758/bf03195594","DOIUrl":"10.3758/bf03195594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phonotactic probability refers to the frequency with which phonological segments and sequences of phonological segments occur in words in a given language. We describe one method of estimating phonotactic probabilities based on words in American English. These estimates of phonotactic probability have been used in a number of previous studies and are now being made available to other researchers via a Web-based interface. Instructions for using the interface, as well as details regarding how the measures were derived, are provided in the present article. The Phonotactic Probability Calculator can be accessed at http://www.people.ku.edu/-mvitevit/PhonoProbHome.html.</p>","PeriodicalId":79800,"journal":{"name":"Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc","volume":"36 3","pages":"481-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2553700/pdf/nihms66411.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24897169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Type and token frequencies of phonological units in Hong Kong Cantonese.","authors":"Man-Tak Leung, Sam-Po Law, Suk-Yee Fung","doi":"10.3758/bf03195596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03195596","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article reports, for the first time, type and token frequencies of tones, onsets, codas, rimes, and syllables of Hong Kong Cantonese. The information is derived from a computerized spoken corpus, the Hong Kong Cantonese adult language corpus (HKCAC; Leung & Law, 2001), consisting of more than 140,000 character-syllable units. Since the HKCAC is based on recordings of connected speech, comparisons are made with respect to the inventories of various phonological units between the HKCAC and standard descriptions of the Cantonese phonological system--in particular, Fok (1974) and Bauer and Benedict (1997). It is hoped that the frequency information presented here will become a valuable tool for future psycholinguistic and linguistic research in this language. The full set of these frequency counts may be downloaded from the Psychonomic Society Web archive at www.psychonomic.org/ archive/.</p>","PeriodicalId":79800,"journal":{"name":"Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc","volume":"36 3","pages":"500-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3758/bf03195596","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24897170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boris New, Christophe Pallier, Marc Brysbaert, Ludovic Ferrand
{"title":"Lexique 2: a new French lexical database.","authors":"Boris New, Christophe Pallier, Marc Brysbaert, Ludovic Ferrand","doi":"10.3758/bf03195598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03195598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, we present a new lexical database for French: Lexique. In addition to classical word information such as gender, number, and grammatical category, Lexique includes a series of interesting new characteristics. First, word frequencies are based on two cues: a contemporary corpus of texts and the number of Web pages containing the word. Second, the database is split into a graphemic table with all the relevant frequencies, a table structured around lemmas (particularly interesting for the study of the inflectional family), and a table about surface frequency cues. Third, Lexique is distributed under a GNU-like license, allowing people to contribute to it. Finally, a metasearch engine, Open Lexique, has been developed so that new databases can be added very easily to the existing ones. Lexique can either be downloaded or interrogated freely from http://www.lexique.org.</p>","PeriodicalId":79800,"journal":{"name":"Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc","volume":"36 3","pages":"516-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3758/bf03195598","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24897172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}