Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc最新文献_第10页

TPL-KATS-card sort: a tool for assessing structural knowledge. tpl - kats -卡片分类:评估结构知识的工具。

Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc Pub Date : 2003-11-01 DOI: 10.3758/bf03195536

Michelle E Harper, Florian G Jentsch, Devon Berry, H Cathy Lau, Clint Bowers, Eduardo Salas

引用次数: 41

Estimating the mean effect size in meta-analysis: bias, precision, and mean squared error of different weighting methods. 估计meta分析中的平均效应大小:不同加权方法的偏倚、精度和均方误差。

Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc Pub Date : 2003-11-01 DOI: 10.3758/bf03195529

Wim Van Den Noortgate, Patrick Onghena

{"title":"Estimating the mean effect size in meta-analysis: bias, precision, and mean squared error of different weighting methods.","authors":"Wim Van Den Noortgate, Patrick Onghena","doi":"10.3758/bf03195529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03195529","url":null,"abstract":"Although use of the standardized mean difference in meta-analysis is appealing for several reasons, there are some drawbacks. In this article, we focus on the following problem: that a precision-weighted mean of the observed effect sizes results in a biased estimate of the mean standardized mean difference. This bias is due to the fact that the weight given to an observed effect size depends on this observed effect size. In order to eliminate the bias, Hedges and Olkin (1985) proposed using the mean effect size estimate to calculate the weights. In the article, we propose a third alternative for calculating the weights: using empirical Bayes estimates of the effect sizes. In a simulation study, these three approaches are compared. The mean squared error (MSE) is used as the criterion by which to evaluate the resulting estimates of the mean effect size. For a meta-analytic dataset with a small number of studies, the MSE is usually smallest when the ordinary procedure is used, whereas for a moderate or large number of studies, the procedures yielding the best results are the empirical Bayes procedure and the procedure of Hedges and Olkin, respectively.","PeriodicalId":79800,"journal":{"name":"Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc","volume":"35 4","pages":"504-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3758/bf03195529","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24185271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 39

PsyScript: a Macintosh application for scripting experiments. PsyScript:用于脚本实验的Macintosh应用程序。

Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc Pub Date : 2003-11-01 DOI: 10.3758/bf03195535

Timothy C Bates, Lawrence D'Oliveiro

{"title":"PsyScript: a Macintosh application for scripting experiments.","authors":"Timothy C Bates, Lawrence D'Oliveiro","doi":"10.3758/bf03195535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03195535","url":null,"abstract":"PsyScript is a scriptable application allowing users to describe experiments in Apple's compiled high-level object-oriented AppleScript language, while still supporting millisecond or better within-trial event timing (delays can be in milliseconds or refresh-based, and PsyScript can wait on external I/O, such as eye movement fixations). Because AppleScript is object oriented and system-wide, PsyScript experiments support complex branching, code reuse, and integration with other applications. Included AppleScript-based libraries support file handling and stimulus randomization and sampling, as well as more specialized tasks, such as adaptive testing. Advanced features include support for the BBox serial port button box, as well as a low-cost USB-based digital I/O card for millisecond timing, recording of any number and types of responses within a trial, novel responses, such as graphics tablet drawing, and use of the Macintosh sound facilities to provide an accurate voice key, saving voice responses to disk, scriptable image creation, support for flicker-free animation, and gaze-dependent masking. The application is open source, allowing researchers to enhance the feature set and verify internal functions. Both the application and the source are available for free download at www.maccs.mq.edu.au/-tim/psyscript/.","PeriodicalId":79800,"journal":{"name":"Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc","volume":"35 4","pages":"565-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3758/bf03195535","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24185218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 47

Surreptitiously projecting different movies to two subsets of viewers. 偷偷地把不同的电影放映给两组观众。

Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc Pub Date : 2003-11-01 DOI: 10.3758/bf03195539

Kazuo Mori

引用次数: 43

The reliability and stability of verbal working memory measures. 言语工作记忆测量的可靠性和稳定性。

Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc Pub Date : 2003-11-01 DOI: 10.3758/bf03195534

Gloria S Waters, David Caplan

{"title":"The reliability and stability of verbal working memory measures.","authors":"Gloria S Waters, David Caplan","doi":"10.3758/bf03195534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03195534","url":null,"abstract":"The psychometric properties of several commonly used verbal working memory measures were assessed. One hundred thirty-nine individuals in five age groups (18-30, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and 80+ years) were tested twice (Time I and Time II) on seven working memory span measures (alphabet span, backward digit span, missing digit span, subtract 2 span, running item span, and sentence span for syntactically simple and complex sentences), with an interval of approximately 6 weeks between testing. There were significant effects of age on all but two of the tasks. All the measures had adequate internal consistency. Correlations between performances at Time I and Time II were significant for all the tasks, other than the missing digit span task. The magnitude of the correlations was similar across the age groups and ranged from .52 to .81. Classification of subjects into discrete memory span groups on the basis of a single measure was highly inconsistent across testing sessions and tasks. Classification into upper and lower quartiles was more stable than using a cutoff score for group membership or than classification into high-, medium-, and low-span groups. Correlational analyses showed that there was a moderate relationship between performances on many of the span tasks. Confirmatory factor analysis suggested that six of the seven tasks reflected a common factor. Both test-retest reliability and stability of classification improved when a composite measure reflecting performance on several tasks was used.","PeriodicalId":79800,"journal":{"name":"Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc","volume":"35 4","pages":"550-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3758/bf03195534","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24185217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 236

Testing curvatures of learning functions on individual trial and block average data. 在单个试验和块平均数据上测试学习函数的曲率。

Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc Pub Date : 2003-11-01 DOI: 10.3758/bf03195528

Denis Cousineau, Sébastien Hélie, Christine Lefebvre

{"title":"Testing curvatures of learning functions on individual trial and block average data.","authors":"Denis Cousineau, Sébastien Hélie, Christine Lefebvre","doi":"10.3758/bf03195528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03195528","url":null,"abstract":"Many models offer different explanations of learning processes, some of them predicting equal learning rates between conditions. The simplest method by which to assess this equality is to evaluate the curvature parameter for each condition, followed by a statistical test. However, this approach is highly dependent on the fitting procedure, which may come with built-in biases difficult to identify. Averaging the data per block of training would help reduce the noise present in the trial data, but averaging introduces a severe distortion on the curve, which can no longer be fitted by the original function. In this article, we first demonstrate what is the distortion resulting from block averaging. The block average learning function, once known, can be used to extract parameters when the performance is averaged over blocks or sessions. The use of averages eliminates an important part of the noise present in the data and allows good recovery of the learning curve parameters. Equality of curvatures can be tested with a test of linear hypothesis. This method can be performed on trial data or block average data, but it is more powerful with block average data.","PeriodicalId":79800,"journal":{"name":"Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc","volume":"35 4","pages":"493-503"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3758/bf03195528","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24185269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

On-line simulations of models for backward masking. 反向掩蔽模型的在线仿真。

Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc Pub Date : 2003-11-01 DOI: 10.3758/bf03195530

Gregory Francis

引用次数: 8

Express: a Web-based technology to support human and computational experimentation. Express:一种基于web的技术，支持人类和计算实验。

Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc Pub Date : 2003-11-01 DOI: 10.3758/bf03195540

Peter Yule, Richard P Cooper

{"title":"Express: a Web-based technology to support human and computational experimentation.","authors":"Peter Yule, Richard P Cooper","doi":"10.3758/bf03195540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03195540","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental cognitive psychology has been greatly assisted by the development of general computer-based experiment presentation packages. Typically, however, such packages provide little support for running participants on different computers. It is left to the experimenter to ensure that group sizes are balanced between conditions and to merge data gathered on different computers once the experiment is complete. Equivalent issues arise in the evaluation of parameterized computational models, where it is frequently necessary to test a model's behavior over a range of parameter values (which amount to between-subjects factors) and where such testing can be speeded up significantly by the use of multiple processors. This article describes Express, a Web-based technology for coordinating \"clients\" participants or computational models) and collating client data. The technology provides an experiment design editor, client coordination facilities (e.g., automated randomized assignment of clients to groups so that group sizes are balanced), general data collation and tabulation facilities, a range of basic statistical functions (which are constrained by the specified experimental design), and facilities to export data to standard statistical packages (such as SPSS). We report case studies demonstrating the utility of Express in both human and computational experiments. Express may be freely downloaded from the Express Web site (http://express.psyc.bbk.ac.uk/).","PeriodicalId":79800,"journal":{"name":"Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc","volume":"35 4","pages":"605-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3758/bf03195540","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24185710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

RETR_PWR: an SAS macro for retrospective statistical power analysis. RETR_PWR:用于回顾性统计功率分析的SAS宏。

Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc Pub Date : 2003-11-01 DOI: 10.3758/bf03195537

Kristine Y Hogarty, Jeffrey D Kromrey

引用次数: 12

Comparison of video- and EMG-based evaluations of the magnitude of children's emotion-modulated startle response. 基于视频和基于肌电图的儿童情绪调节惊吓反应强度评估的比较。

Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc Pub Date : 2003-11-01 DOI: 10.3758/bf03195538

Marilyn J Essex, H Hill Goldsmith, Nancy A Smider, Isa Dolski, Steven K Sutton, Richard J Davidson

{"title":"Comparison of video- and EMG-based evaluations of the magnitude of children's emotion-modulated startle response.","authors":"Marilyn J Essex, H Hill Goldsmith, Nancy A Smider, Isa Dolski, Steven K Sutton, Richard J Davidson","doi":"10.3758/bf03195538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03195538","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the reliability and validity of a video-based method of measuring the magnitude of children's emotion-modulated startle response when electromyographic (EMG) measurement is not feasible. Thirty-one children between the ages of 4 and 7 years were videotaped while watching short video clips designed to elicit happiness or fear. Embedded in the audio track of the video clips were acoustic startle probes. A coding system was developed to quantify from the video record the strength of the eye-blink startle response to the probes. EMG measurement of the eye blink was obtained simultaneously. Intercoder reliability for the video coding was high (Cohen's kappa = .90). The average within-subjects probe-by-probe correlation between the EMG- and video-based methods was .84. Group-level correlations between the methods were also strong, and there was some evidence of emotion modulation of the startle response with both the EMG- and the video-derived data. Although the video method cannot be used to assess the latency, probability, or duration of startle blinks, the findings indicate that it can serve as a valid proxy of EMG in the assessment of the magnitude of emotion-modulated startle in studies of children conducted outside of a laboratory setting, where traditional psychophysiological methods are not feasible.","PeriodicalId":79800,"journal":{"name":"Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc","volume":"35 4","pages":"590-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3758/bf03195538","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24185221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15