Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Oral Health-related Quality of Life and Functional Mastication after Release of Unilateral Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis with Gap Arthroplasty in a Skeletally Immature Patient - A Prospective Study.","authors":"Abhay N Datarkar, Aneizo Khruomo, Arwa Pardiwala, Surendra Daware, Pooja G Umathe, Manlio Galie","doi":"10.4103/ams.ams_99_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ams.ams_99_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study was performed to analyse the oral health-related quality of life (QoL) and masticatory functional efficiency after release of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>There were two groups with Group 1 having 12 operated cases of TMJ ankylosis and Group 2 having 12 normal participants with age- and gender-matched controls. The maximum voluntary bite force (MVBF) of the cases was measured at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year postoperatively with a digital gnathodynamometer. The patients completed 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaires once before and after surgery. The weight of the operated cases was measured on the same follow-up appointments to ascertain weight gain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to controls, 70.5% reported efficient bite force at 6 months and all 77.4% had efficient bite forces at 1 year postoperatively. There was an increase in the mean weight by 5.57 kg in the patients by 1 year after surgery. All the OHIP showed a significant improvement.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We conclude that with the attainment of efficient MVBF values, the patient's masticatory performance improved concomitantly after release of TMJ ankylosis leading to improvement in oral health maintenance and QoL.</p>","PeriodicalId":7972,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"15 1","pages":"46-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12321171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partial Glossectomy in a 2-month-old Infant with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome - A Case Report.","authors":"Syed Fareed Mohsin, Azzam Mansour Alrodhan, Yasin Alavi Aruveeti, Abdul Majeed Kavarodi, Ambreen Rehman, Abdulaziz Naife Almutairi","doi":"10.4103/ams.ams_211_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ams.ams_211_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a rare genetic disorder characterised by aberrant growth patterns, tumour risk and a wide range of clinical symptoms. This illness necessitates a multidisciplinary strategy to address the metabolic, multi-organ and structural issues of considerable health concern.</p><p><strong>Patient concern: </strong>A 56-day-old infant presents with macroglossia due to BWS.</p><p><strong>Diagnosis: </strong>On examination, the infant revealed an enlarged protruded tongue causing difficulty in sleeping, feeding and breathing.</p><p><strong>Treatment: </strong>The infant underwent a successful anteroposterior keyhole glossectomy, which improved his airway function, eating and overall quality of life. Tongue tissue was carefully excised and anatomically reconstructed to enhance the function.</p><p><strong>Outcome: </strong>The patient was followed for up to 22 months; the results were acceptable, with the tongue in its normal position, improved breathing and no feeding issues.</p><p><strong>Take-away lesson: </strong>In this case report, early intervention improved respiratory function, obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome and encouraged normal growth and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":7972,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"15 1","pages":"121-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12321176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharyngeal Airway Analysis for Area and Volume in Patients Affected by Unilateral and Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate - A Comparative Study.","authors":"Shalu Rai, Sumit Bhateja","doi":"10.4103/ams.ams_151_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ams.ams_151_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The most prevalent craniofacial birth abnormality is cleft lip and palate (CLP), which affects around 1 in 700 live births globally. This study evaluates the age-related changes in airway dimensions in children and adults with cleft lip and palate and compares the findings to normal subjects matched for age and sex.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional observational study, 300 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were examined and coded matching the subjects in the experiment for age and gender. OnDemand three-dimensional (3D) software was used to generate 3D models for the airways of the subjects and for calculating their airway volumes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In CLP patients, the airway volumes, along with the corresponding values for cross-sectional area were considerably lower than those in the control group. In CLP patients, unilateral cleft had a statistically significant (<i>P</i> = 0.001) decreased area than bilateral cleft. Irrespective of cleft or control, the volume and area were found to be statistically significant (<i>P</i> = 0.001) and more in adult than child subjects. Gender-wise volume was found to be significantly more (<i>P</i> = 0.001) in adult bilateral cleft males when compared to other groups. Gender-wise comparison of area in bilateral cleft patients was found to be more in adult subjects as compared to child and adult controls and unilateral clefts.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Surgeons would need to take the information obtained from the results of this study when considering a therapeutic surgical procedure in the management of CLP or obstructive sleep apnoea.</p>","PeriodicalId":7972,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"15 1","pages":"19-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12321169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Accessory Maxillary Sinus Ostia and its Distribution with Gender and Subtypes - A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Shams Ul Nisa, Aishwarya Umesh Lohokare, Shameeka Thopte, Samir Dashrath Khaire, Neelam Gavali, Kinjal Shankar Lakhani","doi":"10.4103/ams.ams_148_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ams.ams_148_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This epidemiological retrospective study evaluated cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) as a reliable and valid tool in assessing maxillary sinus (MS) morphology, location and prevalence of accessory maxillary ostia (AMO) and evaluating its distribution with regards to gender and its subtypes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The reporting of the study was done in accordance to strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology guidelines/checklist. Two hundred CBCT scans (400 MSs) were analysed for height and width of the maxillary sinuses (MSs) and its distribution with regards to gender. The prevalence of AMO and its different types of shapes were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between the male and female groups, differences on both the right and left sides with respect to the MS height were observed (<i>P</i> > 0.05). However, the male group showed statistically significant higher values for right-sided MS width (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The prevalence of AMO in 400 MSs was found to be 65%, of which 63% of AMOs were present in the male group. The prevalence of types of accessory maxillary ostia revealed that the round and ovoid shapes were similar in number as compared to slit shapes.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The forensic anthropology through CBCT can utilise the MS width as a tool to assess various anatomical variations. The frequency of AMOs can be utilised as a critical indicator for assessing such morphological and anatomical variations. As a result, the excellent spatial resolution of CBCT enables it as a reliable tool for identification of even smallest anatomical variations in MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":7972,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"15 1","pages":"67-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12321187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical Behaviour of Quad Zygoma Technique Using a Smooth Body Zygomatic Implant and Angled Abutments - An <i>In Vitro</i> Study.","authors":"Clifford Alejandro Pedro Pablo Allen Lengua, Denia Jhovana Vanessa Sierra Delgado, Henry Alexander Aldana Avila, Erton Massamitsu Miyasawa, Luis Eduardo Marques Padovan","doi":"10.4103/ams.ams_161_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ams.ams_161_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The quad zygoma technique is an alternative for patients who do not have enough bone to place zygomatic implants associated with conventional implants. The association of the quad zygoma technique with smooth zygomatic implants and angled abutments is an option, and understanding the mechanical behaviour of this combination is essential. This study aims to analyse the reliability of this technique by investigating the biomechanical behaviour of the rehabilitation of a total edentulous maxilla using the quad zygoma technique with 3.5 mm and 3.75 mm smooth body zygomatic implant diameters associated with 52° and 60° abutments.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The finite element analysis (FEA) method was used to evaluate biomechanical behaviour. Three-dimensional models of maxillae, zygomatic bone, zygomatic implant, abutment, screw and the superstructure were used to assemble three models with different implant diameters and mini conical abutment angulations. The amount and distribution of stress in surrounding bone tissue, implant, abutment and abutment screws were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The peak stresses in the bone, implant, abutment and abutment screw were below the resistance limits of the materials. Higher stress was found in the system (implant, abutment and abutment screw) associated with the 60° MiniConical Abutment. Similar stress patterns were found in the two placement approaches (sinus slot and exteriorised).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The present FEA revealed that the quad zygoma technique is biomechanically suitable and reliable regardless of the implant diameter, abutment angulation and implant placement protocol. In addition, this study can help clinicians understand stress distribution and give them more confidence in using the evaluated implant system and quad zygoma approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":7972,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"15 1","pages":"89-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12321166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Success Rate of Immediate Functional Loading Implants over a Period of 5 Years - A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Kiran B Patel, Nishtha K Patel, Khyati M Sojitra, Setu Prashantkumar Shah","doi":"10.4103/ams.ams_114_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ams.ams_114_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Immediate functional loading implants have picked up pace in the era of implant dentistry not only in terms of offering fast, secure and definitive treatment, but also in the realm of comfort, phonetics, aesthetic, and masticatory functions. The aim was to evaluate the success rate of strategic implant-supported prosthesis over five years.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 5108 implants were placed in accordance with the need of rehabilitation of individual full jaw and segment. All ceramic, metal-fused ceramic and metal acrylic prostheses were given as per the requirement. The evaluation of criteria includes fracture or decementation of the prostheses. The statistical analysis was done with the Chi-square test for the success rate of implant and failure of the prostheses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 154 implants failed, 80 in the maxilla and 74 in the mandible. Five metal acrylic bridges were damaged out of 170. As for metal ceramic bridges, 6 out of 206 full arches and 11 segments out of 215 were damaged.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The ceramic prostheses have more efficiently met the success criteria followed by the metal acrylic prostheses. Since all-ceramic prostheses were only given into the anterior region, no failures were seen in those prostheses. The immediate functional loading implants have a 97% success rate even though there is shortcoming of prosthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7972,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"15 1","pages":"56-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12321181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central Giant Cell Granuloma of Posterior Maxilla - A Case Report.","authors":"M Madhuvandhi, K Sankar, Latha Asokan, S Duraimurugan","doi":"10.4103/ams.ams_130_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ams.ams_130_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a non-neoplastic proliferative lesion that clinically and radiologically mimics various lesions without any unique pathognomic features.</p><p><strong>Patient concerns: </strong>A 14-year-old male patient reported with a chief complaint of swelling in the right upper back tooth region for four months.</p><p><strong>Diagnosis: </strong>Incisional biopsy of the lesion shows numerous dilated and thin-walled blood vessels and focal areas of chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate beneath the epithelium suggestive of angiofibroma.</p><p><strong>Treatment: </strong>Surgical excision of the lesion along with curettage was done under general anaesthesia. On histopathologic examination, the lesion revealed loose connective tissue stroma with mesenchymal cells and multinucleated giant cells suggestive of CGCG.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>The patient was followed up for one year without any evidence of recurrences.</p><p><strong>Take-away lessons: </strong>Presentation of CGCG of the oral cavity is rare and mimics a wide variety of lesions clinically and radiologically. Histopathology remains the only diagnostic modality.</p>","PeriodicalId":7972,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"15 1","pages":"95-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12321165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender Difference in Pain Perception and Post-surgery Satisfaction Following Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Surgery - A Comparative Study.","authors":"Shreya Panwar, Pradeep Devadoss, Keerthana Ponvel, Srinisava Prasad Tangutur","doi":"10.4103/ams.ams_106_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ams.ams_106_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dental anxiety, often a result of fear or lack of information, leads to many adults avoiding dental treatment. It is crucial for dental practitioners to assess patients' anxiety levels for quality care and post-operative recovery. The study aimed to compare patient perceptions of pain, anxiety, stress levels and satisfaction with clinical outcomes in surgical extractions of impacted mandibular third molars, using the Visual Analogue Scale and Amsterdam Pre-operative Anxiety and Information Scale.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>This prospective, clinical, comparative study was performed from June 2017 to February 2020. The study sample enclosed 60 patients - 30 males and 30 females of age ranging from 18 to 51 years. The parameter was assessed and measured for both groups and compared for the results and statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study used IBM SPSS Statistics 16.0 for statistical analysis. Comparisons were made between groups for maximal mouth opening, extra-oral swelling, anxiety scale, pain perception and dental visit satisfaction. Intra-group comparisons were made using repeated measure analysis of variance and Bonferroni's <i>post hoc</i> test. Dental visit satisfaction was also compared. Statistical significance was determined at a <i>P</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The study found that patient satisfaction was similar for both groups, but female patients experienced higher anxiety and swelling scores compared to male patients. The results suggest that surgeons should educate patients about surgical procedures and related complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7972,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"15 1","pages":"2-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12321192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical Management of Vertical Class III Malocclusion with Severe Skeletal Openbite Using Minimum Pre-surgical Orthodontics - A Case Report.","authors":"Seerab Husain, Nayeemullah Khan, Anantanarayanan Parameswaran, Manini Nagi, Ratna Parameswaran","doi":"10.4103/ams.ams_219_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ams.ams_219_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale and patient concerns: </strong>A 19-year-old male patient presented with a dentoalveolar Class III malocclusion on a Class III skeletal base with facial asymmetry, increased facial proportions, complicated by anterior open bite of 6.2 mm, unilateral posterior crossbite with Index of Orthognathic Functional Treatment Need score of 5.4.</p><p><strong>Diagnosis and treatment: </strong>The patient's maxillary arch was bonded initially and 4 months post alignment, pre-surgical intraoral scanning and full skull computed tomography were obtained and subjected to virtual surgical planning (NemoFAB Version 22, Nemotec, Madrid, Spain). Counterclockwise rotational bilateral sagittal split osteotomy setback and genioplasty was performed to close the open bite and correct the Class III skeletal discrepancy with the aid of intermaxillary fixation screws placed in the midline of upper and lower maxillary and mandibular arches for heavy elastic engagement post-surgery.</p><p><strong>Outcome: </strong>Facial balance was restored, profile was improved, ideal overjet and overbite established.</p><p><strong>Take-away lessons: </strong>This approach combines the benefits of conventional three-phase surgery and surgery first orthognathic approach by meticulous planning of the intended transitional malocclusion to achieve a stable occlusion. Longer follow-ups in future studies can be investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":7972,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"15 1","pages":"128-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12321172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of Platysma Myocutaneous Flap and Extended Nasolabial Flap in the Surgical Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis - A Prospective Study.","authors":"V Akshaya, Neelam Shakya, Vilas P Newaskar, Deepak Agrawal","doi":"10.4103/ams.ams_161_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ams.ams_161_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The study was carried out to compare platysma myocutaneous flap and extended nasolabial flap in terms of post-operative mouth opening, duration of surgery and complications associated with it in the surgical management of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Patients diagnosed with OSMF (Grade III and IV OSMF according to Khanna and Andrade classification) were included in the study. Thirty patients were selected for the study, out of which 15 patients underwent reconstruction of surgical defects with platysma myocutaneous flap (Group I), and other 15 patients underwent reconstruction with extended nasolabial flap (Group II) post fibrotomy. Pre-operative and post-operative mouth opening, duration of surgery and other complications associated with both procedures were recorded. Postoperatively, patients were evaluated at the end of 1^st week, 3 months and 6 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results were analysed using an Unpaired <i>t</i>-test and Chi-square test. The mean pre-operative interincisal mouth opening in both the groups i.e., Group I was 11.8 mm and Group II was 9.82 mm. It was significantly improved to a mean of 31.9 mm in Group I and 33.87 mm in Group II postoperatively at 6 months of follow-up. However, no significant difference in mouth opening was observed between the groups preoperatively and postoperatively. The mean duration of surgery in Group I was 119.66 ± 12.60 min and was found to be significantly higher than in Group II, which was 102.33 ± 8.83 min. Extraoral scarring was present in both groups. Intraoral hair growth was observed in almost all the male patients in Group II. Transient marginal mandibular nerve injury was reported in four patients (26.6%) in Group II.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Both the platysma myocutaneous flap and the extended nasolabial flap serve as a versatile flap in the surgical management of OSMF. However, in young patients, platysma myocutaneous flap can be preferred as scar is present on the collar region as compared to facial scar in the nasolabial flap.</p>","PeriodicalId":7972,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"15 1","pages":"40-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12321177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}