Applied Biosafety最新文献

{"title":"A Message from the Coeditors-in-Chief.","authors":"Barbara Johnson, Karen Byers","doi":"10.1089/apb.2023.29013.kby","DOIUrl":"10.1089/apb.2023.29013.kby","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7962,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biosafety","volume":"28 3","pages":"134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10510679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41092517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rosalind Franklin Society Proudly Announces the 2022 Award Recipient for Applied Biosafety","authors":"LaTonya A Clay","doi":"10.1089/apb.2023.29012.rfs2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/apb.2023.29012.rfs2022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7962,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biosafety","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42462353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rate of Splashes When Opening Microfuge Tubes with Various Methods.","authors":"Henry L Wyneken, Audrey A Cerles, Kelly N Kim, Christine Heren, Emma J Reuter, Colin McCarty, Kaylin Chen, Sean Daly, Lauren Gherman, Iqra Imran, Alannah Miller, Caitlin Wrinn, Andrea Valladares, Adam E J Fleming, Rebecca Roberts, Rocco Casagrande","doi":"10.1089/apb.2022.0035","DOIUrl":"10.1089/apb.2022.0035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Snap-cap microcentrifuge tubes are ubiquitous in biological laboratories. However, limited data are available on how frequently splashes occur when opening them. These data would be valuable for biorisk management in the laboratory.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The frequency of splashes from opening snap-cap tubes using four different methods was tested. The splash frequency for each method was measured on the benchtop surface and on the experimenter's gloves and smock, using a Glo Germ solution as a tracer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Splashes occurred very frequently when opening microcentrifuge snap-cap tubes, no matter which method was used to open the tube. The highest rate of splashes on all surfaces was observed with the one-handed (OH) opening method compared with two-handed methods. Across all methods, the highest rate of splashes was observed on the opener's gloves (70-97%) compared with the benchtop (2-40%) or the body of the researcher (0-7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All tube opening methods we studied frequently caused splashes, with the OH method being the most error-prone but no two-handed method being clearly superior to any other. In addition to posing an exposure risk to laboratory personnel, experimental repeatability may be affected due to loss of volume when using snap-cap tubes. The rate of splashes underscores the importance of secondary containment, personal protective equipment, and good protocols for decontamination. When working with especially hazardous materials, alternatives to snap-cap tubes (such as screw cap tubes) should be strongly considered. Future studies can examine other methods of opening snap-cap tubes to determine whether a truly safe method exists.</p>","PeriodicalId":7962,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biosafety","volume":"28 2","pages":"123-129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10278008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9707697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Biosafety Research Road Map: The Search for Evidence to Support Practices in the Laboratory-<i>Shigella</i> spp.","authors":"Stuart D Blacksell,&nbsp;Sandhya Dhawan,&nbsp;Marina Kusumoto,&nbsp;Kim Khanh Le,&nbsp;Ben J Davis,&nbsp;Kathrin Summermatter,&nbsp;Joseph O'Keefe,&nbsp;Joseph Kozlovac,&nbsp;Salama Suhail Almuhairi,&nbsp;Indrawati Sendow,&nbsp;Christina M Scheel,&nbsp;Anthony Ahumibe,&nbsp;Zibusiso M Masuku,&nbsp;Allan M Bennett,&nbsp;Kazunobu Kojima,&nbsp;David R Harper,&nbsp;Keith Hamilton","doi":"10.1089/apb.2022.0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/apb.2022.0046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Shigella</i> bacteria cause shigellosis, a gastrointestinal infection most often acquired from contaminated food or water.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this review, the general characteristics of <i>Shigella</i> bacteria are described, cases of laboratory-acquired infections (LAIs) are discussed, and evidence gaps in current biosafety practices are identified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LAIs are undoubtedly under-reported. Owing to the low infectious dose, rigorous biosafety level 2 practices are required to prevent LAIs resulting from sample manipulation or contact with infected surfaces.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is recommended that, before laboratory work with <i>Shigella</i>, an evidence-based risk assessment be conducted. Particular emphasis should be placed on personal protective equipment, handwashing, and containment practices for procedures that generate aerosols or droplets.</p>","PeriodicalId":7962,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biosafety","volume":"28 2","pages":"96-101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10278014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10136852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral Replicon Systems and Their Biosafety Aspects.","authors":"Karen van der Meulen, Greet Smets, Patrick Rüdelsheim","doi":"10.1089/apb.2022.0037","DOIUrl":"10.1089/apb.2022.0037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Viral RNA replicons are self-amplifying RNA molecules generated by deleting genetic information of one or multiple structural proteins of wild-type viruses. Remaining viral RNA is used as such (naked replicon) or packaged into a viral replicon particle (VRP), whereby missing genes or proteins are supplied via production cells. Since replicons mostly originate from pathogenic wild-type viruses, careful risk consideration is crucial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature review was performed compiling information on potential biosafety risks of replicons originating from positive- and negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses (except retroviruses).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For naked replicons, risk considerations included genome integration, persistence in host cells, generation of virus-like vesicles, and off-target effects. For VRP, the main risk consideration was formation of primary replication competent virus (RCV) as a result of recombination or complementation. To limit the risks, mostly measures aiming at reducing the likelihood of RCV formation have been described. Also, modifying viral proteins in such a way that they do not exhibit hazardous characteristics in the unlikely event of RCV formation has been reported.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>Despite multiple approaches developed to reduce the likelihood of RCV formation, scientific uncertainty remains on the actual contribution of the measures and on limitations to test their effectiveness. In contrast, even though effectiveness of each individual measure is unclear, using multiple measures on different aspects of the system may create a solid barrier. Risk considerations identified in the current study can also be used to support risk group assignment of replicon constructs based on a purely synthetic design.</p>","PeriodicalId":7962,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biosafety","volume":"28 2","pages":"102-122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10278005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10086654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Biosafety Research Road Map: The Search for Evidence to Support Practices in the Laboratory-SARS-CoV-2.","authors":"Stuart D Blacksell,&nbsp;Sandhya Dhawan,&nbsp;Marina Kusumoto,&nbsp;Kim Khanh Le,&nbsp;Kathrin Summermatter,&nbsp;Joseph O'Keefe,&nbsp;Joseph Kozlovac,&nbsp;Salama Suhail Almuhairi,&nbsp;Indrawati Sendow,&nbsp;Christina M Scheel,&nbsp;Anthony Ahumibe,&nbsp;Zibusiso M Masuku,&nbsp;Kazunobu Kojima,&nbsp;David R Harper,&nbsp;Keith Hamilton","doi":"10.1089/apb.2022.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/apb.2022.0039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The SARS-CoV-2 virus emerged as a novel virus and is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. It spreads readily human-to-human through droplets and aerosols. The Biosafety Research Roadmap aims to support the application of laboratory biological risk management by providing an evidence base for biosafety measures. This involves assessing the current biorisk management evidence base, identifying research and capability gaps, and providing recommendations on how an evidence-based approach can support biosafety and biosecurity, including in low-resource settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was conducted to identify potential gaps in biosafety and focused on five main sections, including the route of inoculation/modes of transmission, infectious dose, laboratory-acquired infections, containment releases, and disinfection and decontamination strategies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There are many knowledge gaps related to biosafety and biosecurity due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus's novelty, including infectious dose between variants, personal protective equipment for personnel handling samples while performing rapid diagnostic tests, and laboratory-acquired infections. Detecting vulnerabilities in the biorisk assessment for each agent is essential to contribute to the improvement and development of laboratory biosafety in local and national systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":7962,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biosafety","volume":"28 2","pages":"87-95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10278019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10136850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Biosafety Research Road Map: The Search for Evidence to Support Practices in the Laboratory-<i>Bacillus anthracis</i> and <i>Brucella melitensis</i>.","authors":"Stuart D Blacksell,&nbsp;Sandhya Dhawan,&nbsp;Marina Kusumoto,&nbsp;Kim Khanh Le,&nbsp;Kathrin Summermatter,&nbsp;Joseph O'Keefe,&nbsp;Joseph Kozlovac,&nbsp;Salama Suhail Almuhairi,&nbsp;Indrawati Sendow,&nbsp;Christina M Scheel,&nbsp;Anthony Ahumibe,&nbsp;Zibusiso M Masuku,&nbsp;Allan M Bennett,&nbsp;Kazunobu Kojima,&nbsp;David R Harper,&nbsp;Keith Hamilton","doi":"10.1089/apb.2022.0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/apb.2022.0042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Brucella melitensis</i> and <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> are zoonoses transmitted from animals and animal products. Scientific information is provided in this article to support biosafety precautions necessary to protect laboratory workers and individuals who are potentially exposed to these pathogens in the workplace or other settings, and gaps in information are also reported. There is a lack of information on the appropriate effective concentration for many chemical disinfectants for this agent. Controversies related to <i>B. anthracis</i> include infectious dose for skin and gastrointestinal infections, proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the slaughter of infected animals, and handling of contaminated materials. <i>B. melitensis</i> is reported to have the highest number of laboratory-acquired infections (LAIs) to date in laboratory workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was conducted to identify potential gaps in biosafety and focused on five main sections including the route of inoculation/modes of transmission, infectious dose, LAIs, containment releases, and disinfection and decontamination strategies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Scientific literature currently lacks information on the effective concentration of many chemical disinfectants for this agent and in the variety of matrices where it may be found. Controversies related to <i>B. anthracis</i> include infectious dose for skin and gastrointestinal infections, proper use of PPE during the slaughter of infected animals, and handling contaminated materials.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Clarified vulnerabilities based on specific scientific evidence will contribute to the prevention of unwanted and unpredictable infections, improving the biosafety processes and procedures for laboratory staff and other professionals such as veterinarians, individuals associated with the agricultural industry, and those working with susceptible wildlife species.</p>","PeriodicalId":7962,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biosafety","volume":"28 2","pages":"72-86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10278026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10136849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Biosafety Research Road Map: The Search for Evidence to Support Practices in Human and Veterinary Laboratories.","authors":"Stuart D Blacksell,&nbsp;Sandhya Dhawan,&nbsp;Marina Kusumoto,&nbsp;Kim Khanh Le,&nbsp;Kathrin Summermatter,&nbsp;Joseph O'Keefe,&nbsp;Joseph Kozlovac,&nbsp;Salama Suhail Almuhairi,&nbsp;Indrawati Sendow,&nbsp;Christina M Scheel,&nbsp;Anthony Ahumibe,&nbsp;Zibusiso M Masuku,&nbsp;Allan M Bennett,&nbsp;Kazunobu Kojima,&nbsp;David R Harper,&nbsp;Keith Hamilton","doi":"10.1089/apb.2022.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/apb.2022.0040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Lack of evidence-based information regarding potential biological risks can result in inappropriate or excessive biosafety and biosecurity risk-reduction strategies. This can cause unnecessary damage and loss to the physical facilities, physical and psychological well-being of laboratory staff, and community trust. A technical working group from the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH, formerly OIE), World Health Organization (WHO), and Chatham House collaborated on the Biosafety Research Roadmap (BRM) project. The goal of the BRM is the sustainable implementation of evidence-based biorisk management of laboratory activities, particularly in low-resource settings, and the identification of gaps in the current biosafety and biosecurity knowledge base.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was conducted for the basis of laboratory design and practices for four selected high-priority subgroups of pathogenic agents. Potential gaps in biosafety were focused on five main sections, including the route of inoculation/modes of transmission, infectious dose, laboratory-acquired infections, containment releases, and disinfection and decontamination strategies. Categories representing miscellaneous, respiratory, bioterrorism/zoonotic, and viral hemorrhagic fever pathogens were created within each group were selected for review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Information sheets on the pathogens were developed. Critical gaps in the evidence base for safe sustainable biorisk management were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The gap analysis identified areas of applied biosafety research required to support the safety, and the sustainability, of global research programs. Improving the data available for biorisk management decisions for research with high-priority pathogens will contribute significantly to the improvement and development of appropriate and necessary biosafety, biocontainment and biosecurity strategies for each agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":7962,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biosafety","volume":"28 2","pages":"64-71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10277988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10136851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainability Considerations for Consumables Used in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories.","authors":"Autumn Cerda, Robert Emery, Scott Patlovich","doi":"10.1089/apb.2022.0027","DOIUrl":"10.1089/apb.2022.0027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The 6th edition of the <i>Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories</i> includes Appendix L on sustainability that describes a series of considerations for biocontainment facilities. But many biosafety practitioners may not be familiar with sustainability options that are available, feasible, and safe for laboratory settings as training in this realm is not common.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>With a particular focus on consumable products used in containment laboratory operations, a comparative assessment was made regarding sustainability activities employed in the healthcare setting, where significant advances have been achieved.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Table 1 has been created that describes various consumables that result in waste as part of normal laboratory operations, and the biosafety and infection prevention considerations have been highlighted along with options regarding waste elimination or minimization that have been successfully employed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Even if a containment laboratory has already been designed, constructed, and is in operation, sustainability opportunities exist for the reduction of environmental impacts without compromising safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":7962,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biosafety","volume":"28 1","pages":"55-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9991422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9076587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Showcasing Environmental Health and Safety Activities During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.","authors":"Tiffany Dothard, George Golston, Esmeralda Meyer, Cyndi Palfrey, Jeffrey Rasmituth, Kalpana Rengarajan, Kimberly Richards, Robin Ruthenborg, Samuel Shartar, Scott W Thomaston, Carol J Wilkins-Hall","doi":"10.1089/apb.2022.0026","DOIUrl":"10.1089/apb.2022.0026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Emergency preparedness is not a novel topic. What has been novel is the fast pace at which organizations, including academic institutions, have had to adapt to infectious disease outbreaks since 2000.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The goal of this article is to highlight the various environmental health and safety (EHS) team activities during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to ensure that on-site personnel was safe, the research could be conducted, and critical business operations such as academics, laboratory animal care, environmental compliance, and routine healthcare functions could continue during the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The response framework is presented by discussing first the lessons learned in preparedness and emergency response during outbreaks that occurred since 2000, namely Influenza virus, Zika virus, and Ebola virus. Then, how the response to the COVID-19 pandemic was activated, and the effects of ramping down research and business activities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Next, the contributions of each EHS unit are presented, namely, environmental, industrial hygiene and occupational safety, research safety and biosafety, radiation safety, supporting healthcare activities, disinfection, and communications and training.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Lastly, a few lessons learned are shared with the reader for moving toward normalcy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7962,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biosafety","volume":"28 1","pages":"22-31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9991430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9454316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}