Australian journal of science and medicine in sport最新文献

A comparison of active and passive warm ups on energy system contribution and performance in moderate heat. 中热条件下主动和被动预热对能源系统贡献和性能的比较。

Australian journal of science and medicine in sport Pub Date : 1997-12-01

B O'Brien, W Payne, P Gastin, C Burge

{"title":"A comparison of active and passive warm ups on energy system contribution and performance in moderate heat.","authors":"B O'Brien, W Payne, P Gastin, C Burge","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of either an active warm up (AWU) or a passive warm up (PWU) on performance and energy system contribution in a moderately hot ambient environment (30 degrees C, 50% Relative humidity) was investigated. The AWU procedure involved exercise at 100% VO2 max followed by four 30 sec efforts at 100% of VO2 max and the PWU involved the application of heat pads to the quadriceps for 60 min. Following either warm up procedure, (randomized cross over design) a 60 s supramaximal test on a Monark bicycle ergometer was performed. The AWU procedure elicited the greatest average power output (0-30 s: 669 +/- 28 W vs 645 +/- 30 W, p < 0.05) and (0-60 s 529 +/- 20 W vs 513 +/- 20 W, p < 0.05), the greatest peak power output (917 +/- 45 W vs 880 +/- 46 W, p < 0.01) and VO2 peak during the initial 30 s (1.4 +/- 0.1 vs 1.2 +/- 0.1 l.min-1, p < 0.01) and over the duration of the 60 s test (3.2 +/- 0.1 vs 2.9 +/- 0.2 l.min-1, p < 0.05). The estimated anaerobic energy release was not significantly different between the trials. The performance benefits of an AWU occurred within the first 30 s of exercise as there was no significant differences in average power output or VO2 peak in the final 30 s of exercise. In conclusion, an AWU enhances sprinting performance in a moderately hot ambient environment, despite a higher rectal temperature than a PWU. The increased power output is derived from greater oxygen consumption in the initial stages of exercise.","PeriodicalId":79393,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 4","pages":"106-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20356654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Coping with performance slumps: factor analysis of the Ways of Coping in Sport Scale. 应对成绩下滑:体育量表应对方式的因素分析。

Australian journal of science and medicine in sport Pub Date : 1997-12-01

J R Grove, R C Eklund, N P Heard

引用次数: 0

Biochemical and ultrastructural indices of muscle damage after a twenty-one kilometre run. 21公里跑步后肌肉损伤的生化和超微结构指标。

Australian journal of science and medicine in sport Pub Date : 1997-12-01

C Goodman, G Henry, B Dawson, I Gillam, J Beilby, S Ching, V Fabian, D Dasig, B Kakulas, P Morling

{"title":"Biochemical and ultrastructural indices of muscle damage after a twenty-one kilometre run.","authors":"C Goodman, G Henry, B Dawson, I Gillam, J Beilby, S Ching, V Fabian, D Dasig, B Kakulas, P Morling","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Increased serum concentrations of intracellular proteins are generally accepted as good indicators of muscle damage. The mechanism of this damage is, however, poorly understood. Twenty male runners completed a 21 km run in as fast a time as possible. Blood samples were obtained from each subject just prior to, immediately after, and 24 hr after the run. Samples were analysed for haemoglobin, haematocrit, creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin (Mb) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and corrected for percentage change in plasma volume (PV). Percutaneous muscle biopsies were taken from the lateral gastrocnemius muscle of 6 of the subjects 24 hr before and 24 hr after the run and examined by electron microscopy. Mb levels in the serum increased significantly (p < 0.001) immediately post-exercise, while CK levels increased significantly (p < 0.001) at 24 hours post-exercise. The PV corrected serum MDA levels were very close (p = 0.06) to a significant increase immediately post-exercise. Ultrastructural examination of pre-exercise samples revealed evidence of muscle changes consistent with endurance exercise training, but no further damage was evident at 24 hr post-exercise. It is thus suggested that the increased serum levels of CK and Mb after the 21 km run may be a result of free radical induced cell membrane damage and increased permeability, as evidenced by elevated serum MDA levels, and not due to mechanical muscle damage.","PeriodicalId":79393,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 4","pages":"95-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20356652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Differences in the incidence of injury between rugby league forwards and backs. 橄榄球联盟前锋和后卫受伤发生率的差异。

Australian journal of science and medicine in sport Pub Date : 1997-12-01

C Gissane, D C Jennings, A J Cumine, S E Stephenson, J A White

{"title":"Differences in the incidence of injury between rugby league forwards and backs.","authors":"C Gissane, D C Jennings, A J Cumine, S E Stephenson, J A White","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence with regard to the incidence of injury to forwards and backs in the game of rugby league is extremely limited. A four year prospective study of all the injuries from one professional Rugby League club was conducted. All injuries that were received during match play were recorded, and those for forwards and backs compared. Forwards had a higher overall rates of injury than backs (139.4 [124.2-154.6] vs. 92.7 [80.9-104.6] per 1000 player hours, P < 0.00006). Forwards had a higher rate of injuries to all body sites with the exception of the ankle and the 'others' category of injury. They had significantly higher rates for the arm (11.6 [6.9-16.3] vs. 3.9 [1.4-6.4] per 1000 player hours, P = 0.005) and, the head and neck (53.9 [43.9-63.8] vs. 25.0 [18.7-31.4] injuries per 1000 player hours, P < 0.00006). Forwards had significantly more injuries than backs for contusions (17.1 vs. 7.3 per 1000 player hours, z = 2.85, P = 0.0044), lacerations (26.7 vs. 13.8 per 1000 player hours, z = 2.92, P = 0.0035) and haematomas (20.6 vs. 11.6 per 1000 player hours, z = 2.29, P = 0.02). Forwards were also more likely to be injured when in possession of the ball (70.5 [59.2-81.7] vs. 38.0 [30.2-45.7]), and also when tackling (33.2 [25.3-41.1] vs. 16.8 [11.6-22.1]). The higher rates of injury experienced by forwards were most likely as a result of their greater physical involvement in the game, both in attack and in defence.","PeriodicalId":79393,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 4","pages":"91-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20356651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Requesting poster papers: a problem of compliance. 索取海报纸:一个遵从性问题。

Australian journal of science and medicine in sport Pub Date : 1997-09-01

M B Andersen, M A Stoové, D T Martin

引用次数: 0

Dynamics of exercise induced affect. 运动引起的动态影响。

Australian journal of science and medicine in sport Pub Date : 1997-09-01

B J Watt, W L Spinks

{"title":"Dynamics of exercise induced affect.","authors":"B J Watt, W L Spinks","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated: (a) whether moderate intensity aerobic exercise exerted a significant affective influence during, and postexercise, (b) the nature of the affective response to exercise in relation to positive and negative affects, and affects associated with physiological distress, and (c) whether exercise induced affect was significantly influenced by exercise behaviour. Habitual exercisers (n = 15) and sedentary participants (n = 13) undertook three randomly allocated interventions; (a) exercise (EX; i.e., 20 min of cycling at 60% estimated VO2max), (b) normal workstation duties for 60 min (WRK), and (c) a 60 min sedentary lunch break (SED). Affect was measured pre, post, and 90 min postintervention, as well as every 5 min during exercise, using the Subjective Exercise Experiences Scale (SEES; McAuley & Courneya, 1994). Exercise behaviour had no significant affect on affective responses to exercise in this study (p > .05). Significant (p < .05) postintervention increases in positive affect were found for EX compared to WRK and SED indicating that exercise did produce a positive affective influence. Despite enduring postexercise (i.e., 90 min) improvements in both positive and negative affects, and affects related to fatigue, the affective response during exercise was characterised by significant (p < .05) decreases in levels of positive affect and increased levels of affects related to fatigue.","PeriodicalId":79393,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 3","pages":"69-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20243497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A treadmill protocol to investigate independently the metabolic and mechanical stress of exercise. 一个独立研究运动代谢和机械压力的跑步机方案。

Australian journal of science and medicine in sport Pub Date : 1997-09-01

D B Pyne, M S Baker, R D Telford, M J Weidermann

{"title":"A treadmill protocol to investigate independently the metabolic and mechanical stress of exercise.","authors":"D B Pyne, M S Baker, R D Telford, M J Weidermann","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to describe an experimental treadmill model for the independent assessment of metabolic and mechanical stress associated with exercise. Eight well-trained male runners (VO2max 61.2 ml.kg-1.min-1) undertook, on different days, three 40 min bouts (consisting of 8 x 5 min work intervals) of treadmill running: uphill, downhill and near-level. Mean %VO2 max was 90.0, 52.7 and 52.2 for uphill, near-level and downhill running respectively. Oxygen uptake increased (p < 0.05) across the eight work intervals during uphill running, with non-significant increases in both near-level and downhill running. In contrast, heart rate increased (p < 0.05) with uphill and downhill, but not near-level running. Blood lactate concentration was higher (p < 0.01) and plasma pH lower (p < 0.01) after uphill running compared with downhill and near-level running. Plasma creatine kinase activity was elevated (p < 0.05) immediately after uphill running and 24 hours after downhill running (p < 0.05). Subjective rating of delayed onset muscle soreness was elevated (p < 0.05) at 24 and 48 hours after downhill running only. There were no significant changes in the plasma concentration of the inflammatory mediators interleukin-1beta, complement component C3a and C reactive protein. Given the observed differences in cardiorespiratory responses and indicators of muscle damage and soreness, this experimental model could be employed to investigate, independently, the metabolic and mechanical stress of exercise.","PeriodicalId":79393,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 3","pages":"77-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20243502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Starting age and aquatic skill learning in young children: mastery of prerequisite water confidence and basic aquatic locomotion skills. 幼儿的起始年龄与水上技能学习:掌握必备的水自信和基本的水上运动技能。

Australian journal of science and medicine in sport Pub Date : 1997-09-01

H E Parker, B A Blanksby

引用次数: 0

Creatine supplementation and the total work performed during 15-s and 1-min bouts of maximal cycling. 肌酸补充与15-s和1分钟最大循环期间的总工作量。

Australian journal of science and medicine in sport Pub Date : 1997-09-01

D A Schneider, P J McDonough, P J Fadel, J P Berwick

{"title":"Creatine supplementation and the total work performed during 15-s and 1-min bouts of maximal cycling.","authors":"D A Schneider, P J McDonough, P J Fadel, J P Berwick","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Nine untrained male subjects participated in a placebo (Pl)/creatine (Cr), single-blind study conducted over a 5-wk period. Placebo and Cr treatments were presented in a sequential manner because muscle Cr washout time after supplementation is unknown. The mean ( +/- SE) age, height, and initial body mass for the subjects was 25.7+/- 1.2 yr, 177 +/- 2 cm, and 78.5 +/- 3.8 kg, respectively. Each subject performed five 15-s bouts of maximal cycling (1-min rest periods) after 7 d of Pl (6 g glucose X 5 doses daily) and again after ingesting Cr for 7 d (5 g creatine plus 1 g glucose X 5 doses) with a 2-wk intervention period. Only 6 of 9 subjects were able to complete five 1-min bouts of maximal cycling (5-min rest periods) after an additional 2 d of Pl and Cr treatment. Cr ingestion resulted in a significant increase in the work performed during each 15-s bout of maximal cycling compared to Pl trials. Moreover, the total work completed during five 15-s bouts of cycling increased significantly from 47.5 +/- 2.3 kJ with Pl treatment to 50.6 +/- 2.3 kJ after Cr supplementation (P < 0.05). Peak blood lactate concentrations determined 4 min after the fifth 15-s work bout were 14.4 +/- 0.5 mmol.L-1 and 14.3 +/- mmol.L-1 for Pl and Cr trials, respectively (P < 0.05). Total work completed during five 1-min bouts of maximal cycling was not significantly increased after Cr supplementation (P > 0.05). Additionally, Cr supplementation did not slow the rate of decline in the work accomplished during repeated bouts of maximal cycling. These findings suggest that Cr ingestion may augment the rate of ATP resynthesis from phosphocreatine during exercise in untrained subjects.","PeriodicalId":79393,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 3","pages":"65-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20243496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Accuracy of two pulse oximeters during maximal cycling exercise. 两种脉搏血氧计在最大限度的循环运动中的准确性。

Australian journal of science and medicine in sport Pub Date : 1997-06-01

R J Wood, C J Gore, A G Hahn, K I Norton, G C Scroop, D P Campbell, D B Watson, D L Emonson

{"title":"Accuracy of two pulse oximeters during maximal cycling exercise.","authors":"R J Wood, C J Gore, A G Hahn, K I Norton, G C Scroop, D P Campbell, D B Watson, D L Emonson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This study compared the measurement of oxygen saturation of haemoglobin (SaO2) by two pulse oximeters (Ohmeda Biox 3700e and Criticare 504 USP) with the measurement of SaO2 in arterial blood samples by CO-oximetry. Unlike many previous validation studies, arterial blood was sampled in ground glass rather than plastic syringes. Twenty men, 11 well-trained cyclists (mean +/- SE, age = 23.3 +/- 1.5 years, mass = 71.4 +/- 1.1 kg VO2max = 77 +/- 1 ml.kg1.min-1) and 9 relatively untrained subjects (age = 27.1 +/- 2.8 years, mass = 78.1 +/- 2.2 kg VO2max = 51 +/- 3 ml.kg 1.min-1) performed two maximal cycle ergometer tests each in an hypobaric chamber. The tests were at 745 mm Hg or 695 mm Hg with simultaneous measurement of SaO2 by the pulse oximeters and the CO-oximeter at rest, minute 7 of exercise and at VO2max. The best correlations, to the Co-oximeter measurement (SCO-OXO2) were found when all data from rest and exercise were combined (Criticare: r = 0.94; Ohmeda: r = 0.91). The bias measurements showed the Ohmeda underestimated SCO-OXO2 at all levels (mean = -2.5 +/- 1.9%) and the Criticare overestimated SCO-OXO2 at all levels, although to a lesser degree (mean = 0.9 +/- 1.5%). In conclusion, these results highlight the need for validation of individual pulse oximeters and that the effect of dyshaemoglobins must also be considered.","PeriodicalId":79393,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 2","pages":"47-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20185640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0