Australian journal of science and medicine in sport最新文献_第2页

The economic impact on families of children's participation in junior sport. 儿童参加青少年运动对家庭的经济影响。

Australian journal of science and medicine in sport Pub Date : 1997-06-01

D Kirk, T Carlson, A O'Connor, P Burke, K Davis, S Glover

引用次数: 0

Perspectives of sport physiotherapists on the frequency and significance of psychological factors in professional practice: implications for curriculum design in professional training. 运动物理治疗师对专业实践中心理因素的频率和重要性的看法:对专业培训课程设计的启示。

Australian journal of science and medicine in sport Pub Date : 1997-06-01

I W Ford, S Gordon

{"title":"Perspectives of sport physiotherapists on the frequency and significance of psychological factors in professional practice: implications for curriculum design in professional training.","authors":"I W Ford, S Gordon","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"A two-part study was conducted with sport physiotherapists to examine their perceptions of both frequency and significance of emotions and behaviours displayed by injured athletes during treatment, and the importance of psychological skills in rehabilitation. A questionnaire, developed from a preliminary study (Part 1) with experienced sport physiotherapists (N = 10), was mailed to 500 sport physiotherapists in Australia, New Zealand and Canada (Part 2). Responses from Australian (N = 147), New Zealand (N = 65) and Canadian (N = 45) subjects suggested that: (i) anxiety and frustration is experienced frequently by injured athletes, and non-compliance to the rehabilitation program is a significant problem preventing effective recovery and rehabilitation; (ii) psychological skills training and learning to deal with psychological responses to injury would facilitate more effective treatment; and (iii) athlete self-presentation styles influence the support and attention received from physiotherapists. Results are discussed in relation to previous research and recommendations for improving both the art (applied skills) and science (theoretical content) of professional training programs for sport physiotherapists are provided.","PeriodicalId":79393,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 2","pages":"34-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20185638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perceived uncertainty of outcome as a contributing factor in competitive state anxiety. 结果的感知不确定性是竞争状态焦虑的一个促成因素。

Australian journal of science and medicine in sport Pub Date : 1997-06-01

D B Marchant, M B Andersen, T Morris

{"title":"Perceived uncertainty of outcome as a contributing factor in competitive state anxiety.","authors":"D B Marchant, M B Andersen, T Morris","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The Martens, Vealey, and Burton (1990) model of competitive anxiety contains perceived uncertainty, perceived importance, and competitive trait anxiety (A-trait) as key determinants affecting a person's perception of threat and competitive state anxiety (A-state). This experiment tested perceived uncertainty of outcome and A-trait influences on A-state. Club level golfers (N = 72) were assigned to either a low uncertainty condition (LU) or a high uncertainty (HU) condition. In this experiment participants were matched and competed for 12 golf balls in a modified chipping competition. Participants also completed the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory -2 and the Match Orientation Questionnaire (a measure of perceived uncertainty) prior to, and during breaks in the competition. Players alternated in taking four rounds of eight shots from a zone marked approximately 30 metres from the hole. A series of tests did not support the manipulation of uncertainty. This was probably due to likely losers and likely winners not experiencing similar levels of A-state, as Martens et al. assume. Recoding the uncertainty data to reflect levels of confidence, and entering confidence and A-trait into multiple regression equations resulted in these two variables accounting for between 15% and 23% of the A-state variance at different stages of the competition. Recommendations for future research, and possible revisions of the model in light of the present findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":79393,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 2","pages":"41-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20185639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sampling arterialised-venous blood from a dorsal-hand vein during exercise without compromising a competitive cycling position. 在不影响竞技自行车姿势的情况下，从运动期间的手背静脉取样动静脉血液。

Australian journal of science and medicine in sport Pub Date : 1997-06-01

S B Weston, D A Schneider

{"title":"Sampling arterialised-venous blood from a dorsal-hand vein during exercise without compromising a competitive cycling position.","authors":"S B Weston, D A Schneider","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The arterialisation of dorsal-hand venous blood, using a new hand-heating sleeve that did not disrupt a normal competitive cycling position, was evaluated in 10 male cyclists. Hand-heating was achieved by pumping heated water through a rubberised panel which rested against the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the right hand. Subjects were cannulated near the dorsal venous arch in both hands and blood samples were collected simultaneously at rest under normothermic conditions for 9 subjects, and at rest and after 10, 20 and 30 min of exercise at 50% of the anaerobic threshold for 10 subjects, when only the right hand was heated. No bilateral differences for PO2, PCO2 or pH were observed between normothermic hands at rest (p > 0.05). The heating sleeve increased the hand temperature (p < 0.05) and produced a significant (p < 0.05) arterialisation of blood samples collected from a dorsal-hand vein, compared to values observed in the non-heated hand, at rest and during 30 min of exercise. PO2 and pH were about 10 mm Hg and 0.01 units higher, and PCO2 was about 1.5 mm Hg lower, for samples collected from the heated compared to the non-heated hand. This new method of hand-heating was effective in arterialising venous blood and minimised the need for variation to a normal, competitive cycling position.","PeriodicalId":79393,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 2","pages":"51-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20185641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Accuracy of two pulse oximeters during maximal cycling exercise. 两种脉搏血氧计在最大限度的循环运动中的准确性。

Australian journal of science and medicine in sport Pub Date : 1997-06-01 DOI: 10.1097/00005768-199711000-00027

R. Wood, C. Gore, A. Hahn, K. Norton, G. C. Scroop, D. Campbell, D. B. Watson, D. Emonson

{"title":"Accuracy of two pulse oximeters during maximal cycling exercise.","authors":"R. Wood, C. Gore, A. Hahn, K. Norton, G. C. Scroop, D. Campbell, D. B. Watson, D. Emonson","doi":"10.1097/00005768-199711000-00027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199711000-00027","url":null,"abstract":"This study compared the measurement of oxygen saturation of haemoglobin (SaO2) by two pulse oximeters (Ohmeda Biox 3700e and Criticare 504 USP) with the measurement of SaO2 in arterial blood samples by CO-oximetry. Unlike many previous validation studies, arterial blood was sampled in ground glass rather than plastic syringes. Twenty men, 11 well-trained cyclists (mean +/- SE, age = 23.3 +/- 1.5 years, mass = 71.4 +/- 1.1 kg VO2max = 77 +/- 1 ml.kg1.min-1) and 9 relatively untrained subjects (age = 27.1 +/- 2.8 years, mass = 78.1 +/- 2.2 kg VO2max = 51 +/- 3 ml.kg 1.min-1) performed two maximal cycle ergometer tests each in an hypobaric chamber. The tests were at 745 mm Hg or 695 mm Hg with simultaneous measurement of SaO2 by the pulse oximeters and the CO-oximeter at rest, minute 7 of exercise and at VO2max. The best correlations, to the Co-oximeter measurement (SCO-OXO2) were found when all data from rest and exercise were combined (Criticare: r = 0.94; Ohmeda: r = 0.91). The bias measurements showed the Ohmeda underestimated SCO-OXO2 at all levels (mean = -2.5 +/- 1.9%) and the Criticare overestimated SCO-OXO2 at all levels, although to a lesser degree (mean = 0.9 +/- 1.5%). In conclusion, these results highlight the need for validation of individual pulse oximeters and that the effect of dyshaemoglobins must also be considered.","PeriodicalId":79393,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"12 1","pages":"47-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61540930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Psychophysiological stress in elite golfers during practice and competition. 精英高尔夫球手在训练和比赛中的心理生理压力。

Australian journal of science and medicine in sport Pub Date : 1997-06-01

J M McKay, S E Selig, J S Carlson, T Morris

{"title":"Psychophysiological stress in elite golfers during practice and competition.","authors":"J M McKay, S E Selig, J S Carlson, T Morris","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined self-reported state anxiety (cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence) measured by the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2; Martens, Vealey, Bump, & Smith, 1990) and physiological responses (salivary cortisol concentration and heart rate) in elite golfers prior to, during and on completion of a tournament and practice round. The relationships between psychophysiological variables were investigated by comparing physiological and psychological responses during competition and practice to each other, and to performance. Performance was determined for each player as the difference between 18 hole score and handicap. Fifteen male Professional Golfing Association (PGA) trainees (aged 21-25 years) competed in a PGA sanctioned tournament and a practice round on the same, or similar golf course. Players completed the CSAI-2 and collected saliva for cortisol analysis on four occasions: prior to tee off, and after completing holes 6, 12 and 18. Cortisol concentration was corrected for circadian variations in cortisol secretion, using baseline cortisol measures. Within-subject analysis revealed elite golfers experienced elevated cortisol, heart rate, cognitive and somatic anxiety, and lower self-confidence during competition compared to practice. For both game conditions, the highest cortisol response was measured prior to the commencement of play, whilst state anxiety measures did not change significantly during the golf rounds. Univariate and multivariate analyses failed to reveal significant correlations between the psychophysiological variables and golf performance. In conclusion, competition and practice were clearly discriminated by the psychophysiological variables, but none of these predicted performance.","PeriodicalId":79393,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 2","pages":"55-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20185642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perspectives of sport physiotherapists on the frequency and significance of psychological factors in professional practice: implications for curriculum design in professional training. 运动物理治疗师对专业实践中心理因素的频率和重要性的看法:对专业培训课程设计的启示。

Australian journal of science and medicine in sport Pub Date : 1997-06-01 DOI: 10.1097/00005768-199711000-00026

I. Ford, S. Gordon

{"title":"Perspectives of sport physiotherapists on the frequency and significance of psychological factors in professional practice: implications for curriculum design in professional training.","authors":"I. Ford, S. Gordon","doi":"10.1097/00005768-199711000-00026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199711000-00026","url":null,"abstract":"A two-part study was conducted with sport physiotherapists to examine their perceptions of both frequency and significance of emotions and behaviours displayed by injured athletes during treatment, and the importance of psychological skills in rehabilitation. A questionnaire, developed from a preliminary study (Part 1) with experienced sport physiotherapists (N = 10), was mailed to 500 sport physiotherapists in Australia, New Zealand and Canada (Part 2). Responses from Australian (N = 147), New Zealand (N = 65) and Canadian (N = 45) subjects suggested that: (i) anxiety and frustration is experienced frequently by injured athletes, and non-compliance to the rehabilitation program is a significant problem preventing effective recovery and rehabilitation; (ii) psychological skills training and learning to deal with psychological responses to injury would facilitate more effective treatment; and (iii) athlete self-presentation styles influence the support and attention received from physiotherapists. Results are discussed in relation to previous research and recommendations for improving both the art (applied skills) and science (theoretical content) of professional training programs for sport physiotherapists are provided.","PeriodicalId":79393,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 2 1","pages":"34-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61540924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Body composition changes in elite male bodybuilders during preparation for competition. 优秀男性健美运动员在备战期间身体成分的变化。

Australian journal of science and medicine in sport Pub Date : 1997-03-01 DOI: 10.1097/00005768-199711000-00028

R. Withers, C. Noell, N. Whittingham, B. Chatterton, C. Schultz, J. Keeves

{"title":"Body composition changes in elite male bodybuilders during preparation for competition.","authors":"R. Withers, C. Noell, N. Whittingham, B. Chatterton, C. Schultz, J. Keeves","doi":"10.1097/00005768-199711000-00028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199711000-00028","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropometric profiles together with a 4 compartment criterion model of body composition analysis (total body water, bone mineral, fat and residual masses via a combination of deuterium dilution, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and hydrodensitometry) were conducted on 3 elite male bodybuilders 10 wk and then 5 d before competition. A mean body mass reduction from 99.70 (Quetelet's Index = 31.6 kg/m2) to 92.79 kg (Quetelet's Index = 29.2 kg/m2) was accompanied by a decline in the sum of 8 skinfold thicknesses (triceps, subscapular, biceps, iliac crest, supraspinale, abdominal, front thigh and medial calf) from 51.1 to 36.7 mm. The 4 compartment body composition model indicated that there were reductions of: percent body fat (%BF) from 9.1 to 5.0%, fat free mass (FFM) from 90.60 to 88.14 kg and fat mass (FM) from 9.10 to 4.65 kg. Sixty-four percent of the 6.91 kg loss in body mass therefore came from the FM. The 2 compartment hydrodensitometric model yielded higher %BFs (initial = 11.2; final = 7.1) than the 4 compartment model (initial = 9.1; final = 5.0) which is theoretically more valid because it controls for biological variability in the percentages of water and bone mineral in the FFM. Nevertheless, both models registered decreases of 4.1%BF.","PeriodicalId":79393,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 1 1","pages":"11-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61540977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29

Nutrition for post-exercise recovery. 运动后恢复的营养。

Australian journal of science and medicine in sport Pub Date : 1997-03-01

L M Burke

{"title":"Nutrition for post-exercise recovery.","authors":"L M Burke","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Recovery after exercise poses an important challenge to the modern athlete. Important issues include restoration of liver and muscle glycogen stores, and the replacement of fluid and electrolytes lost in sweat. Rapid resynthesis of muscle glycogen stores is aided by the immediate intake of carbohydrate (I g.kg-1 BM each 2 hours), particularly of high glycemic index carbohydrate foods, leading to a total intake over 24 hours of 7-10 g.kg-1 BM. Provided adequate carbohydrate is consumed it appears that the frequency of intake, the form (liquid versus solid) and the presence of other macronutrients does not affect the rate of glycogen storage. Practical considerations, such as the availability and appetite appeal of foods or drinks, and gastrointestinal comfort may determine ideal carbohydrate choices and intake patterns. Rehydration requires a special fluid intake plan since thirst and voluntary intake will not provide for full restoration of sweat losses in the acute phase (0-6 hr) of recovery. Steps should be taken to ensure that a supply of palatable drinks is available after exercise. Sweetened drinks are generally preferred and can contribute towards achieving carbohydrate intake goals. Replacement of sodium lost in sweat is important in maximising the retention of ingested fluids. A sodium content of 50-90 mmol.L-1 may be necessary for optimal rehydration; however commercial sports drinks are formulated with a more moderate sodium content (10-25 mmol.L-1). It may be necessary to consume 150% of fluid losses to allow for complete fluid restoration. Caffeine and alcohol containing beverages are not ideal rehydration fluids since they promote an increased rate of diuresis.","PeriodicalId":79393,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 1","pages":"3-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20075468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Body composition changes in elite male bodybuilders during preparation for competition. 优秀男性健美运动员在备战期间身体成分的变化。

Australian journal of science and medicine in sport Pub Date : 1997-03-01

R T Withers, C J Noell, N O Whittingham, B E Chatterton, C G Schultz, J P Keeves

{"title":"Body composition changes in elite male bodybuilders during preparation for competition.","authors":"R T Withers, C J Noell, N O Whittingham, B E Chatterton, C G Schultz, J P Keeves","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropometric profiles together with a 4 compartment criterion model of body composition analysis (total body water, bone mineral, fat and residual masses via a combination of deuterium dilution, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and hydrodensitometry) were conducted on 3 elite male bodybuilders 10 wk and then 5 d before competition. A mean body mass reduction from 99.70 (Quetelet's Index = 31.6 kg/m2) to 92.79 kg (Quetelet's Index = 29.2 kg/m2) was accompanied by a decline in the sum of 8 skinfold thicknesses (triceps, subscapular, biceps, iliac crest, supraspinale, abdominal, front thigh and medial calf) from 51.1 to 36.7 mm. The 4 compartment body composition model indicated that there were reductions of: percent body fat (%BF) from 9.1 to 5.0%, fat free mass (FFM) from 90.60 to 88.14 kg and fat mass (FM) from 9.10 to 4.65 kg. Sixty-four percent of the 6.91 kg loss in body mass therefore came from the FM. The 2 compartment hydrodensitometric model yielded higher %BFs (initial = 11.2; final = 7.1) than the 4 compartment model (initial = 9.1; final = 5.0) which is theoretically more valid because it controls for biological variability in the percentages of water and bone mineral in the FFM. Nevertheless, both models registered decreases of 4.1%BF.","PeriodicalId":79393,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 1","pages":"11-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20076239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0