Annals of African Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Study of Cystatin C and Renal Resistive Index in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients to Detect Early Diabetic Kidney Disease.","authors":"Madhulika L Mahashabde, Rishikesh Sunilsingh Chauhan, Sai Krishna Reddy Paidi, P Jugal Sriram","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_124_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_124_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Traditional markers such as serum creatinine and albuminuria have limited sensitivity in early disease stages. Cystatin C and renal resistive index (RRI) are emerging as sensitive early indicators.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aimed to assess the diagnostic utility of serum cystatin C and RRI in the early detection of renal dysfunction in T2DM patients and to evaluate their correlation with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study involving 100 patients with T2DM was conducted. Serum cystatin C, serum creatinine, urine albumin, and eGFR (using Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration creatinine-cystatin equation) were measured. Doppler ultrasonography was used to determine RRI. Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Elevated cystatin C levels were seen in 91% of subjects, whereas only 63% had abnormal serum creatinine. RRI was raised in 62% of patients. eGFR correlated negatively with UACR (r = -0.998), serum creatinine (r = -0.881), RRI (r = -0.712), and cystatin C (r = -0.552). UACR and RRI were significant predictors of eGFR in multivariate analysis (P < 0.001 and P = 0.030, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cystatin C and RRI provide early insights into renal dysfunction in T2DM and should be integrated with existing diagnostic parameters for improved DKD screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144774565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination of Tapentadol Nasal Spray and Radiotherapy for Managing Moderate-to-Severe Pain from Lytic Bone Metastasis.","authors":"Neeraj Jain, Anshi Jain, Ramita Sharma","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_169_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_169_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tapentadol is known for its opioid-sparing effect, reducing adverse effects associated with opioids, particularly gastrointestinal issues. However, limitations in the oral formulation warrant exploration of alternatives like tapentadol nasal spray for enhanced efficacy and patient experience.</p><p><strong>Aims and objectives: </strong>This study aimed to assess the safety of tapentadol nasal spray (45mg/dose, administered four times daily) along with radiotherapy in patients with lytic bony metastasis moderate to severe pain.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>65 patients with lytic bony metastasis from solid tumours in 2023 were given local radiotherapy and tapentadol nasal spray (45mg/dose, administered four times daily).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tapentadol nasal spray combined with radiotherapy demonstrated significant pain reduction. Sleep scores were significantly better with tapentadol nasal spray. The nasal route provided enhanced comfort, convenience, safety, and efficacy, offering rapid pain relief.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tapentadol nasal spray presents a favourable option for bone metastasis pain management along with radiotherapy, offering improved pain reduction, better sleep outcomes, and enhanced patient comfort. The nasal delivery method proves efficient and patient-friendly, marking a significant advancement in achieving early and sustained pain relief.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144774540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rheumatologists' Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drug Preferences for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results from a Survey in Nigeria.","authors":"Celestine Chibuzo Okwara, Nkeiruka Chigekwu Mbadiwe, Birinus Ezeala-Adikaibe, Ugochi Chika Onu, Michael Abonyi, Fintan Ekochin, Ijeoma Ndionuka, Winifred Njideka Adiri, Nkiruka Pauline Onodugo, Ijeoma Onwuchekwa","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_98_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_98_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are regional differences in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) use and availability. These stem from factors and peculiarities in population characteristics and socioeconomic indices. There is no published literature on the DMARD preferences or prescription patterns in Nigeria. The aim of this study was to document the prescription pattern of DMARD in Nigeria as well as factors affecting the choice of DMARD among Nigerian rheumatologists and establish a documentary evidence of what the real-life prescription pattern is in a low-middle income country for the treatment of RA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Online survey using pretested structured questionnaire inputted on the SurveyMonkey App and its link sent to and answers received from practicing Nigeria consultant rheumatologists. Analysis of data was done using data exported to SPSS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 26 (63.4%) responses from consultant rheumatologists in Nigeria were received. Most participants (84.62% [22]) had their place of practice at a teaching hospital. The initial choice of DMARD monotherapy was methotrexate (MTX) (88.5%), followed by sulphasalazine (11.5%). Cost of medications, need for rapid disease control, and presence of joint erosions were the most common reasons that influenced rheumatologists' choice of DMARDs. Prescription rate of biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) was low.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MTX remains the DMARD of first choice for RA among Nigerian rheumatologists. Conventional synthetic DMARDs are the commonly available, widely used, and still effective armamentarium for RA in resource-poor settings like Nigeria. bDMARDs prescription rate for RA remains low in Nigeria.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144774564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Home Is at War: How Sudanese Doctors Navigate Tragedy and the Provision of Health Care.","authors":"Alayobi Elbagir Elbasheer, Bothaina Mustafa Eltigani","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_252_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_252_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144758904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Glycated Hemoglobin and Duration of Disease on 2-min Step Test in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.","authors":"C A Jayashankar, Faria Abousher, Pooja Prasad, Sahil Srinivas, Ramya Raju, Melkunte Dhananjaya Shanthaiah, Mir Hussain","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_37_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_37_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) impairs cardiorespiratory fitness and functional capacity. The 2-minute step test (2MST) is a simple, space-efficient method to assess aerobic capacity, especially in resource-limited settings.</p><p><strong>Aims and objectives: </strong>To assess the relationship between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), disease duration, and 2MST performance in T2DM patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted at Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences with 150 T2DM patients (age 30-65 years, BMI <30 kg/m²). Participants performed the 2MST, and pre- and post-exercise vitals were recorded. HbA1c was measured using HPLC. Statistical analysis included Spearman correlation and regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>T2DM patients performed significantly fewer steps compared to nondiabetic controls (P = 0.001). Significant associations were found between post-test parameters (MBDS, SBP) and HbA1c. No strong correlations were observed between HbA1c and posttest oxygen saturation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 2MST is a useful, practical tool to evaluate functional decline in T2DM patients. Its ease of use makes it suitable for diabetes screening and management in primary care and resource-limited environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144697364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis and HIV Coinfection Admissions and Outcome in Children at a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital.","authors":"Olusola Adetunji Oyedeji, Funso Abidemi Olagunju, Abimbola Ololade Odeyemi, Adebimpe Ajibola Afolabi, Efeturi Agelebe, Olamide Valentine Kayode, Samuel Olorunyomi Oninla","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_89_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_89_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis and HIV are significant contributors to morbidity and mortality in children living in developing countries. Factors associated with morbidity in tuberculosis and HIV coinfections have not been sufficiently exhaustively studied.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to study the pattern of presentation and outcome of tuberculosis in HIV infected children and identify factors associated with outcome of management.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Consecutive children diagnosed with tuberculosis and HIV coinfections at the pediatric unit of UNIOSUN teaching hospitals were studied. Necessary data were obtained and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 36 children with HIV and tuberculosis coinfection were studied, with age ranging from 3 months to 17 years (mean 6.7 ± 4.3 years). The 36 children consisted of 21 boys (58.3%) boys and 15 (53.6%) girls. The forms of tuberculosis diagnosed were pulmonary 23 (63.9%). Disseminated and abdominal tuberculosis were diagnosed in 6 (16.7%) and 4 (11.1%) children, respectively. Miliary, meningeal forms of tuberculosis with tuberculoma were diagnosed in 1 (2.7%) child each. Twelve (33.3%) children exhibited treatment failure to Category I antituberculous (Anti-Tb) drugs. The majority 8 (66.7%) of the 12 with Category 1 treatment failure had underlying AIDS. Category I Anti-Tb therapy treatment failure was significantly associated with immunological suppression, (CD4 <200 cells/ml, poor viral load suppression (viral load >1000copies/mL, disseminated disease and AIDS (P < 0.01). Six deaths (16.7%) were recorded in the course of the study, whereas 30 (83.3%) survived.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pediatric tuberculosis HIV coinfection should not be managed with Category 1 (Short course) Anti-Tb therapy in HIV tuberculosis coinfected children with associated immunosuppression or unsuppressed viral loads or with disseminated tuberculosis or AIDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144697441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Observational Study on the Comparative Analysis of Trans Abdominal Preperitoneal and Totally Extraperitoneal: A Single-center Experience of 105 Patients.","authors":"Manoj Kumar, Ashesh Kumar Jha, Deepak Kumar, Iqbal Hasan, Dhirendra Kumar","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_183_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_183_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inguinal hernia repair remains one of the most common surgical procedures performed in the elective setting. trans abdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) and totally extraperitoneal (TEP) are the two well-established laparoscopic methods of inguinal hernia repair. However, doubts still exist about their relative merits and risks. In this study, we are sharing our observations on the comparative analysis of TAPP versus TEP.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective analysis was carried out on 105 cases of inguinal hernia, repaired laparoscopically over the last 2 years. Patients within the age group of 20-60 years, operated for primary unilateral inguinal hernia using either TAPP or TEP were included in this study. All the repairs were done by a single surgeon in the same unit, having more than 3 years of experience in laparoscopic hernia repair.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 105 patients, who underwent laparoscopic hernia repair, 53 were operated on by TAPP and 52 by TEP. There was no significant visceral or vascular injury in either group. The mean duration of surgery in the TAPP group was 103.43 ± 12.24, and in TEP group 89.83 ± 14.25 min (P < 0.0001) Mean hospital stay was 2.47 ± 0.79 and 2.0 ± 0.65 days in TAPP and TEP groups (P = 0.001). Patients in the TAPP group were able to return to their work after 14.30 ± 1.60 and in TEP after 13.73 ± 1.24 days (P = 0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both TAPP and TEP are well-established methods for laparoscopic hernia repair. In terms of outcome, we observed that TEP requires less operative time and is associated with a relatively shorter hospital stay and earlier return to work.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144697360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Platinum-based versus Other Chemotherapies on Health-related Quality of Life and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in Patients with Malignancies in a Tertiary Center in Western India.","authors":"Bhumika Vaishnav, Saish Nitin Mondkar","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_128_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_128_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cancer remains a significant public health concern globally, with increasing incidence in developing countries like India. While chemotherapy has improved survival rates, the quality of life and psychological well-being of cancer patients frequently deteriorate due to treatment-related toxicities, including electrolyte disturbances and psychological effects. This study aimed to examine the differential impact of platinum-based chemotherapy versus other regimens on Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores in cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This cross-sectional observational study enrolled 90 cancer patients from a tertiary care center in western India between October 2023 and February 2025. Patients were categorized into three groups based on treatment: platinum-based chemotherapy (n = 32), combination chemotherapy (n = 28), and other treatments including immunotherapy and hormonal therapy (n = 30). Serum electrolytes were analyzed, and patients completed the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 for HRQoL assessment and HADS questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy showed significantly worse HRQoL scores (mean: 55.4 ± 10.2) compared to combination therapy (62.8 ± 9.7) and other treatments (71.3 ± 8.5, P < 0.001). Similarly, HADS scores were highest in the platinum group (13.8 ± 3.4), indicating moderate anxiety and depression, compared to combination therapy (9.6 ± 2.7) and other treatments (6.2 ± 2.1, P < 0.001). Potassium and phosphate abnormalities were significantly more common in patients receiving platinum-based regimens (P < 0.05) and correlated with poorer HRQoL and higher HADS scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Platinum-based chemotherapy is associated with significantly worse HRQoL, higher anxiety and depression scores, and more frequent electrolyte disturbances compared to other treatment modalities. Regular monitoring of psychological well-being and electrolyte levels, along with appropriate supportive care interventions, should be integrated into routine cancer management, particularly for patients receiving platinum-based regimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144697438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fetomaternal Outcome in Obstetric Cholestasis in a Tertiary Care Hospital.","authors":"Madhu, Rani Hansda, Atima Bharti, Priya Kumari","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_100_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_100_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Intrahepatic cholestasis is a potentially serious condition that can develop during the late half of pregnancy. It can increase the risk of preterm birth and stillbirth in fetus and postpartum hemorrhage in mothers. The main symptoms are severe pruritus. Since this condition is hormone-induced, it is a reversible condition and likely to recur in subsequent pregnancy. Early diagnosis, adequate treatment, and well-timed delivery are imperative for better maternal and fetal outcomes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This is a prospective observational study done in a tertiary care center, RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand. Data were collected from 203 affected pregnant females from July 2023 to June 2024. Proper history, examination, and investigations were done.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence was found to be 2.62% in our hospital. Women of 26-30 years were affected mostly (33.99%). 53.69% were from rural areas and belonged to the lower middle socioeconomic class. Primigravidae were affected more (45.81%). Jaundice was the most common complication (8.87%). Postpartum hemorrhage was observed in 8.87% of cases. 28.5% had preterm delivery. Intrauterine fetal death was seen in 4.43% and 1.97% had stillbirth in women affected with the disorder. Liver enzymes were significantly raised.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It affects the fetal outcome adversely, resulting in preterm birth, fetal distress, stillbirth, meconium aspiration, and respiratory distress syndrome. There is a high risk of postpartum hemorrhage in mothers. Proper counseling, investigations, and treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid will help in alleviating the symptoms and result in a better outcome for the mother and fetus. It is a self-limiting condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144697367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Adding a Millet Diet on Glycemic Control and Lipid Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Ritu Grover, Himanshu Khutan, Amit Jain, Hobinder Arora, Gaurav Kushwaha, Naman Goyal","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_69_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_69_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Millets contain complex carbs, which are \"good\" kinds of carbs. These carbs do not propel blood sugar to rise to a dangerous extent. These findings should provide insight into the possibility of ameliorating type 2 diabetes through diet modulation.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aims to study the effect of millet intake on glycemic control and lipid profile on patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>This study was a cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>After following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, study participants were enrolled. Baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profile were recorded at day zero. A booklet on millet uses and its benefits on glycemic control were provided to the patients in their vernacular language. A daily diary was provided to each patient to note down their daily intake of millets. At the end of 6 weeks, HbA1c and lipid profile of each patient was recorded.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>The results of the study were analyzed by nonparametric Wilcoxon's test of significance and nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant change in both glycemic control and lipid profile of the study participants. The fasting blood sugar (FBS) for the study participants reduced by more than 20% from 237 ± 50 to 188 ± 33, which is statistically significant with a P < 0.05. Further, there was a 2.7% statistically significant reduction in the HbA1c levels of the study participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The intake of millet even in a single meal per day significantly improved the glycemic control, especially the FBS and lipid profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144697368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}