Annals of African Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of Nebulized Dexmedetomidine and Lignocaine Inhalation versus Lignocaine Alone as Premedication for Flexible Fiber-optic Bronchoscopy under Sedation: A Randomized Comparative Study.","authors":"Anjali Priyadarshini, Boniface Hembrom, Ladhu Lakra, Tushar Kumar","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_61_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_61_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Airway management is an integral part of general anesthesia, allowing ventilation and oxygenation and working as a mode for delivering anesthetic gases. Awake fiber-optic-guided intubation is an essential component of airway management in difficult cases. We aim to study the benefits of nebulized dexmedetomidine with lignocaine over lignocaine alone for anesthetizing the airway for flexible fiber-optic bronchoscopy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In the study, after written informed consent, 50 patients were randomly allocated into two equal groups of 25 each. The intervention group received dexmedetomidine with lignocaine nebulization, while the control group received lignocaine nebulization alone. Baseline pulse rate, blood pressure, and, at regular intervals, cough, sedation, and pain scores were recorded along with the patient satisfaction score. Parametric data were analyzed by the Student's t-test, while nonparametric data were analyzed by the Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney U test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of a total of 54 patients, 4 patients did not give consent to participate in the study. The demographic profile was comparable in both groups. The pulse rate was comparable in both groups throughout the procedure; however, 10 min after the procedure, the pulse rate in the lignocaine group was (mean ± standard deviation) 114.2 ± 11.52, while in the intervention group, it was 87.32 ± 7.24 with a P = 0.027. The mean blood pressure was comparable throughout the procedure. The cough score yielded a Z-score of -5.12 and a P < 0.00001 favoring the dexmedetomidine group. Similarly, Richmond agitation-sedation score and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) also favored the intervention group, with P < 0.00054 and P < 0.00001 in RASS and VAS, respectively. Patient satisfaction score analysis found a Z-score of -5.29 and a P < 0.00001.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The overall results favored dexmedetomidine with lignocaine nebulization over lignocaine alone for anesthetizing airways for flexible fiber-optic bronchoscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142602731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyroid Abscess: A Very Rare Entity in Child.","authors":"Kaoutar Danaoui, Youssef Lakhdar, Imane Fetoui, Soumia Mrhar, Karima El Fakiri, Noureddine Rada, Ghizlane Draiss, Abdelaziz Raji, Mohammed Bouskraoui","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_95_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_95_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Thyroid abscess is a very rare clinical entity, but potentially fatal emergency in the pediatric age group, with a mortality of 3.7%-9% in acute suppurative thyroiditis (AST), it is imperative to make a timely diagnosis and start treatment accordingly, it represents 0.1% of surgical pathologies of the thyroid. The anatomical and physiological characteristics of the gland provide it with resistance to pathogens. Recurrence is still exceptional. In this case report, we discuss a rare case of thyroid abscess in a 7-year-old girl revealing a piriform sinus fistula. Through this article, we attempt to stress the need for quick and accurate diagnosis and timely intervention to prevent complications as the condition is rare and unusual. The child presented to the pediatric emergency in January 2023 for a first episode of febrile torticollis the exploration objectified a thyroid abscess treated by probabilistic antibiotic therapy with good clinical and biological evolution, 6 months later, the child consulted again for the same symptomatology with febrile torticollis, dysphagia without signs of dysthyroidism, fever, and night sweats. Cervical computed tomography showed a mass occupying the left thyroid lobe. A cervical ultrasound showed heterogeneous hypoechoic collection; poorly limited. The biological assessment objectified a hyperleukocytosis in 19090 with a predominance of neutrophils with a C-reactive protein at 150 mg/l. The management was medical including intravenous antibiotic therapy based on amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and exploration by nasofibroscopy completed by hypopharyngoscopy showed a fistula of the piriform sinus. The treatment is based on surgery by cauterization of the sinus.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142602773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Transition to Virtual Learning in Postgraduate Medical Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Tanzania: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Massawa K Nyamuryekung'e, Nahida Walli, Neelam A Ismail, Natasha Housseine, Philip B Adebayo, Athar Ali","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_41_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_41_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effect of the progressive utilization of virtual learning (VL) in postgraduate medical education (PGME) is contentious. During the COVID-19 pandemic, VL was up-scaled to bridge the education delivery gap. How this impacted learning experiences in PGME is an area that needs to be explored for the progressive context-specific application of VL.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This phenomenological study aimed to explore the postgraduate medical faculty's and residents' experiences with the rapid shift to VL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Through an interpretivist paradigm, this study used in-depth individual semi-structured interviews and prompts to explore the full breadth of the participants' experiences. A purposive sampling method was used, and qualitative content analysis was employed in an iterative process until data saturation. Data was collected between January 2021 and July 2021. Member checking was done to ensure validity. The AKU-ERC granted ethical approval, with reference AKU/2020/098/fb.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten participants were recruited for the study. Positive experiences were greater access to learning materials and improved learner confidence. In contrast, limited supervision, and lack of assurance of participants' engagement emerged as a negative VL experience. The components of critical thinking and problem-solving skills were unaffected by virtual case-based learning. However, the aspects of acquiring clinical and surgical skills emerged as a difficulty in accepting VL as a valid mode for attaining these competencies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To improve experiences of VL, participants' drive, engagement, technological inadequacies, and instructional design should be optimized.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142602765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Quasi-Experimental Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Hot Water Footbath Therapy on Quality of Sleep among Cancer Patients.","authors":"Virendra Kumar, Alok Rawat, Gopal Singh Charan","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_131_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_131_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sleep disruptions are common among cancer patients, adversely affecting their quality of life and treatment outcomes. Warm foot baths have emerged as a potential intervention to improve sleep quality in this population, offering a noninvasive and holistic approach.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 200 cancer patients in Rajasthan, India, with 100 participants in experimental and control groups. The hot water footbath intervention was administered to the experimental group, while the control group received standard care. Data were collected using demographic pro forma and the Groningen Sleep Quality Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline comparison revealed similar sleep quality levels between groups, but postintervention analysis showed significant differences. The experimental group exhibited higher proportions of disturbed and poor sleep, indicating a nuanced response to footbath intervention. However, the experimental group demonstrated a significantly higher mean sleep quality score (9.85 ± 2.47) compared to controls (8.97 ± 2.44). Statistical analysis confirmed the effectiveness of footbath therapy in improving sleep quality among cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hot water footbath therapy effectively improved sleep quality among cancer patients despite varied responses within the experimental group. Integrating footbath therapy into cancer care regimens is recommended to alleviate sleep disturbances and enhance overall well-being during chemotherapy. Further research should explore additional nonpharmacological interventions to alleviate the challenges faced by cancer patients, aiming to optimize their quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142602585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral Corneal Endotheliitis Following Corneal Cross-linking with Riboflavin and Ultraviolet A.","authors":"Ahmed Y Al-Othman, Saleh S Algamdi","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_136_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_136_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This case report aims to document a case of bilateral endotheliitis occurring shortly after riboflavin-assisted cross-linking (CXL) in a young male patient with progressive keratoconus. The objective is to identify potential risk factors, treatment strategies, and outcomes while considering relevant literature on similar cases. A male in his late adolescence with bilateral progressive keratoconus underwent bilateral CXL using riboflavin and ultraviolet A light exposure. Postoperatively, the patient received moxifloxacin drops, prednisolone acetate drops, and artificial tears. Seven days later, the patient presented with decreased vision, photophobia, and corneal findings consistent with endotheliitis. Treatment with prednisolone acetate and moxifloxacin eye drops was initiated. Two months later, visual acuity deteriorated, but anterior slit-lamp findings improved, and the intraocular pressure measurement was high. Prednisolone acetate was tapered, whereas loteprednol etabonate gel, brimonidine eye drops, and cyclosporine eye drops were initiated. After 7 months, visual acuity improved, and endotheliitis resolved, although mild residual central haze persisted. This case highlights the occurrence of acute idiopathic endotheliitis following routine CXL and its successful management. Although limited cases have been reported, a standardized treatment protocol is lacking. In our patient, the utilization of loteprednol etabonate gel, cyclosporine eye drops, brimonidine eye drops, and regular follow-up examinations led to improved clinical findings and visual acuity. Further studies are warranted to establish optimal treatment approaches for similar cases of endotheliitis following CXL.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142602614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inguinal Hernia Repair: Comparative Study between TEP versus Extended Totally Extraperitoneal.","authors":"Vinayak Kshirsagar, Mahendra Bendre, Shahaji Chavan, Bageshree Pande","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_160_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_160_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inguinal hernia repair is a common surgical procedure, with laparoscopic techniques offering advantages over open surgery. The extended Totally Extraperitoneal (eTEP) technique provides a larger working space compared to the traditional Totally Extraperitoneal (TEP) approach, potentially improving outcomes.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A prospective study was conducted comparing eTEP and TEP techniques for inguinal hernia repair at Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune. Forty patients (20 in each group) aged 15-65 with uncomplicated inguinal hernias were included. Surgical procedures were performed based on patient preference. Data on surgical duration, pain scores, hospital stay, and complications were collected and analyzed using statistical methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>eTEP surgery had a significantly shorter mean duration (48.70 ± 7.505 minutes) compared to TEP surgery (74.20 ± 7.78 minutes; P = 0.00). Patients undergoing eTEP experienced lower mean pain scores (3.75 ± 0.55) compared to those undergoing TEP (5.15 ± 0.745; P = 0.00). Hospital stay following eTEP surgery was shorter (1.70 ± 0.657 days) than following TEP surgery (3.65 ± 1.137 days; P = 0.00). eTEP had lower incidences of hematoma and surgical emphysema but higher seroma complications. TEP surgeries were associated with more post-operative complications and a higher likelihood of requiring conversion to open surgery.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The eTEP technique offers several advantages over TEP, including shorter surgical duration, less post-operative pain, and shorter hospital stays. However, TEP had more complications related to seroma. Individual patient factors and surgeon experience should guide the choice of technique.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The eTEP technique appears to be a promising option for inguinal hernia repair, offering advantages over TEP in terms of surgical outcomes. However, further studies are needed to evaluate long-term outcomes and complication rates comprehensively.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Uncommon Case of Plasmodium vivax Malaria with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: Rare Case Report with Review of Literature.","authors":"Anuragani Verma, Anurag Singh, Shalini Rawat, Rashmi Kushwaha","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_195_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_195_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Malaria is a severe health issue in India despite government efforts. Malaria has many complications, some of which can be life-threatening. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a prominent malaria complication, besides renal failure, cerebral malaria, pulmonary edema, and anemia. We report a young man with Plasmodium vivax malaria who developed septic shock due to DIC. A 25-year-old male had a fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, and nausea for 5 days. On clinical examination, the patient was in distress and had a fever of 102.6°F with a blood pressure of 86/46 mmHg. A complete blood count revealed anemia, leukocytopenia, and severe thrombocytopenia. Peripheral blood smear findings showed a P. vivax parasite in red blood cells with the presence of a few schistocytes. Further coagulation tests showed raised prothrombin, partial thromboplastin time, and d-dimer. DIC and septic shock required critical care unit admission. Conservative treatment with artesunate and lumefantrine completely cured him. This unusual case shows that P. vivax causes severe malaria and its morbid consequences. It stresses early diagnosis and treatment to prevent mortality and morbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of T Regulatory Cells, Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated Antigen 4, and Transforming Growth Factor-β1 with Treatment Response in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Receiving Dasatinib Therapy.","authors":"Akanksha Singh, Anurag Singh, Rashmi Kushwaha, Shailendra Prasad Verma, Wahid Ali, Uma Shankar Singh","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_5_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_5_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tyrosine kinase inhibitors improve chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) outcomes. Dasatinib inhibits breakpoint cluster region-Abelson 1 proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase better than imatinib in CML. T-regulatory cells prevent autoimmune diseases and aberrant immune responses by reducing oncoprotein antigen reactivity. They also reduce self-antigen-induced immune responses to maintain peripheral tolerance. In this study, T-regulatory cells in peripheral blood of chronic myeloid leukemia-chronic phase patients were measured, together with serum levels of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 at diagnosis and 3 months postdasatinib therapy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The Pathology and Clinical Haematology Departments at King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India, conducted this prospective analytical study. Forty CML-chronic patients and 10 healthy controls were analyzed. Flow cytometry was used to determine T-regulatory cell percentage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of newly diagnosed CML patients before and after 3 months of dasatinib treatment; ELISA was used to measure serum levels of CTLA-4 and TGF-β1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>T-regulatory cells, CTLA-4, and TGF-β1 significantly decreased in CML-chronic phase patients after 3 months of dasatinib therapy compared to the initial diagnosis. No significant change in T-regulatory cell, CTLA-4, or TGF-β1 percentages were seen between responders and poor responders. However, responders had a lower percentage of T-regulatory cells than suboptimal responders.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study concluded that dasatinib treatment improved response in CML patients with decreased Treg cells. Dasatinib reduces Treg-mediated immunological suppression, reducing CTLA-4 and TGF-β1 levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein Level with Obese Normal individuals in North Indian Population.","authors":"Neeraja Shukla, Soni Singh, Shraddha Singh, Abhishek Shukla","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_140_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_140_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One of the major inflammatory markers, C-reactive protein (CRP), is often elevated in people who have had a heart attack, vascular problems, stroke, or sudden cardiac death. Obesity is associated with higher CRP levels because adipose tissue activates cytokines. Obesity and overweight increase the risk of heart disease, as does an elevated CRP level.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) level with obese normal individuals in North Indian population.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 50 individuals between the ages of 18 and 50 years who were overweight or obese. The degree of obesity was determined by anthropometric measurements. The patients' height, weight, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, and blood pressure were measured. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based CRP level was determined from the blood.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean WC (cm) was significantly higher in the obese (103.42 ± 9.79) than in the overweight (89.00 ± 8.72). The mean hip circumference (cm) was also significantly smaller in the obese group (99.95 ± 8.07) than in the overweight group (131.29 ± 15.82). The waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was significantly more in the obese group (88.37%) than in the overweight group (0.00%). WC (cm), hip circumference (cm), WHR, systolic blood pressure (mmHg), and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) were not significantly correlated with hs-CRP in overweight and obese participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared with obesity, hs-CRP was not related to obesity. A relationship between hs-CRP and WC, hip circumference, and WHR was not found.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Radiological Parameters Affecting the Yield of Routine Electroencephalography in Various Indications.","authors":"Rizwana Shahid, Azra Zafar, Saima Nazish, Sarah Ali Alameri, Erum Shariff, Foziah Alshamrani, Danah Aljaafari, Nehad Mahmoud Soltan, Fahd A Alkhamis, Aishah Ibrahim Albakr, Majed Alabdali, Maher Saqqur","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_73_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_73_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To highlight the significance of various clinical and radiological parameters in association with specific electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns in order to prioritize EEG referrals.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in the neurology department of King Fahad University Hospital, Alkhobar, and involved a review and analysis of EEG and medical records pertaining to 604 patients referred for routine EEG. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. An association between various parameters and EEG yield was established.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Factors associated with the yield of abnormal EEG patterns were diverse, like generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCs) (P =.05), status epilepticus (SE) (P =.05), altered level of consciousness (ALC) (P =.00), abnormal movement (P =.00), cardiac arrest (P =.00), prior history of epilepsy (P =.04), chronic renal disease (CRD) (P =.03), abnormal neurological exam (P =.00), and cortical lesions on brain imaging (P =.00). Among the abnormal EEG patterns, epileptiform activity (EA) in EEG was associated with focal seizures (P =.03), GTCs (P =.00), falls (P =.05), cardiac arrest (P =.00), a history of epilepsy (P =.00), and hypoxic ischemic injury (P =.03). Encephalopathy in EEG was also associated with focal sz (P =.02), GTCs (P =.00), SE (P =.01), ALC (P =.00), cardiac arrest (P =.00), history of stroke (P =.01), and epilepsy (P =.00).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among the studied parameters, patient level of consciousness, neurological exam findings, and neuroimaging findings, with some discrepancies, were found to be the most consistent in predicting the EEG yield. The study demonstrated the value of a proper neurological exam and careful selection of patients to gain the optimum benefit from the routine EEG.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}