Annals of African Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Study the Changing Trends of Age at Diagnosis of Breast Carcinoma in Correlation with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Obesity, and Nutritional Status.","authors":"Mahendra Wante, Ankireddypalle Shanmukha Shashank Reddy, Dakshayani Satish Nirhale, Kishore Jeughale, A Kavya","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_203_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_203_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hormonal factors, metabolic conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), obesity, and nutritional deficiencies, influence the risk and prognosis of breast cancer risk. Understanding the interplay among these factors helps in identifying potential targets for prevention and treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The study aims to examine the shifting patterns in the age of breast cancer diagnosis and explore their associations with PCOS, obesity, and nutritional status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The prospective observational study included patients with histopathologically confirmed breast carcinoma. Detailed demographic and clinical data, including age at diagnosis, parity, menopausal status, and body mass index (used to classify obesity) were collected. Symptoms suggestive of PCOS and nutritional deficiencies (Vitamin D, iron, and iodine) were evaluated using laboratory and radiological findings. Histopathological findings and hormone receptor status were also noted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most women diagnosed with breast carcinoma were between 29 and 50 years (46.7%), postmenopausal (53.3%), overweight (58.7%), had PCOS (20.0%), and Vitamin D deficiency (68.0%). Invasive ductal carcinoma (90.7%) was the most common histopathological subtype, and most tumors were estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, especially ER + PR + Her2- (41.3%). None of the factors - PCOS, obesity, and nutritional status - were associated with histopathological subtypes (P > 0.05). However, PCOS was more common in ER-positive cases than ER-negative cases (P = 0.04), whereas obesity and nutritional status showed no association with hormone receptor status (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High prevalence of breast carcinoma cases in women aged 31-50 years highlights shifting trend in its diagnosis. Nearly 80% of breast cancer patients had PCOS, suggesting its influence on tumor biology. Notable prevalence of nutritional deficiency (Vitamin D, serum iron, serum iodine, and folic acid deficiency) warrants further investigation into their role in breast cancer pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145249339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Current State of Global Scientific Production on Problem-based Learning in Medical Education: A Bibliometric Analysis.","authors":"John Barja-Ore, Alexandra Liñan-Bermudez, Zaida Zagaceta-Guevara, Bertha A Landa-Maturrano, Brandon Emerson Guillen-Calle, Jhony Jesús Chafloque Chavesta","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_312_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_312_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Problem-based learning (PBL) is a student-centered educational methodology that has been shown to promote clinical skills, critical thinking, and self-directed learning in medical education. This study aims to analyze the global scientific output on PBL in medical education through a bibliometric approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a descriptive and nonexperimental study with a bibliometric analysis of the articles published between 2019 and 2025 in the Scopus database. A search strategy using MeSH terms related to PBL and medical education was applied, retrieving 608 documents. Original research articles focused on PBL in medical schools were included. VOSviewer, SciVal, and Bibliometrix in RStudio were used for the analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Abdalla Mohamed Elhassan was identified as the most productive author, while Sibbald Matt Gary stood out for his highest relative impact. Maastricht University and Harvard University led in institutional productivity. The most relevant journals were BMC Medical Education and Medical Science Educator. National collaboration was predominant (40.5%), although international collaboration showed a higher weighted impact. Thematic clusters were identified, relating to students, curriculum, clinical competencies, and COVID-19. Journals ranked in Q1-Q2 showed sustained growth in publications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PBL is an active and consolidating field in the medical literature, with a strong institutional and editorial concentration. The findings highlight a need for greater global collaboration and geographical diversification in the scientific output.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145249372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Maternal Hypothyroidism on Preterm Labor and Neonatal Outcomes: A Prospective Case-control Study.","authors":"Pratishtha Dubey, Kanchan Singh, Suman Singh, Pushp Lata Sankhwar, Manju Lata Verma","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_308_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_308_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypothyroidism in mothers can lead to premature labor and problems in the newborn. However, the impact on neonatal outcomes, including respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and hospitalization, is unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the association between maternal hypothyroidism and preterm labor and its impact on neonatal outcomes, particularly RDS and neonatal health, in a group of pregnant women with spontaneous preterm labor.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This prospective case-control study at King George's Medical College, Lucknow, studied 509 pregnant women with spontaneous preterm labor between 28 and 37 weeks for 1 year and 6 months. The study included 69 hypothyroid women and 431 euthyroid women as a control group. Maternal thyroid function was measured by measuring thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), T3, T4, and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies. Neonatal outcomes included birth weight, gestational age, RDS, and cord blood TSH. SPSS 25.0 was used for t-tests, Chi-square tests, correlation analyses, and logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Preterm labor was more likely in hypothyroid mothers than in euthyroid mothers. The newborns of hypothyroid mothers, especially those with subclinical hypothyroidism, were more likely to have RDS, require treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and need advanced ventilatory support. Babies born to hypothyroid mothers had a higher TSH level in the umbilical cord blood. Thyroid dysfunction in mothers was associated with longer hospital stays in the NICU and a higher need for oxygen treatment in babies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preterm labor and poor neonatal outcomes are associated with maternal hypothyroidism, especially with subclinical levels. Recognizing and treating maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy may improve neonatal health and reduce RDS and intensive care unit stays.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145249355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Randomized Assessment of Airway Seal Pressure and Insertion Dynamics: I-gel versus Laryngeal Mask Airway Protector in Adult Difficult Airway Simulation in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgeries.","authors":"Chaitanya Kamat, Dwivedi Richa, Mahantesh Mudakanagoudar, Priyanka Gadvi","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_178_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_178_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Supraglottic airway devices (SGAs) have emerged as effective alternatives to endotracheal intubation for airway management, especially in difficult airway scenarios. This study compared the ease of insertion, insertion time, and oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP) between the i-gel and the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) protector in adult patients with simulated difficult airway undergoing elective laparoscopic procedures.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Sixty adult patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists I-II), aged 18-60 years, scheduled for elective laparoscopic surgeries under general anesthesia, were randomized into two groups: Group I (i-gel) and Group P (LMA Protector). SAD was inserted in a simulated airway scenario made more difficult by using a cervical collar to limit mouth opening and neck movement. Insertion time and ease of insertion were recorded. OLP was measured 5 min after device insertion and pneumoperitoneum. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>I-gel showed shorter insertion time (18.16 ± 3.62 vs. 29.65 ± 7.39 s; P < 0.0001) and greater ease of insertion (P < 0.0001). LMA protector had significantly higher OLP than i-gel, both 5 min postinsertion (37.5 ± 2.86 vs. 27.33 ± 4.69 cm H2O; P < 0.0001) and after pneumoperitoneum (34.83 ± 3.34 vs. 22.83 ± 4.49 cm H2O; P < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While the i-gel is associated with quicker and easier insertion, the LMA protector offers superior airway sealing pressures. Both devices are effective, but the choice should be tailored to procedural demands and clinician preference.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145249396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Bone Quality Measured by Noncontrast Computed Tomography Scan and Three-dimensional Computed Tomography-based Fracture Pattern in Intertrochanteric Femur Fracture in Adults.","authors":"Govind Kumar Gupta, Saumya Kullu, Abhishek Guria, Kumar Gourab, Sudha Rani","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_284_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_284_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding intertrochanteric (IT) femur fractures, their causes, classifications, and the role of bone quality is crucial for management. Poor bone quality associated with osteoporosis increases fracture risk and poorer outcomes. While dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is the gold standard, Hounsfield units (HUs) derived from computed tomography (CT) scans are a valuable, noninvasive alternative for assessing bone quality.</p><p><strong>Aim and objectives: </strong>To determine the association of bone quality, measured by noncontrast CT scan, with three-dimensional CT (3D-CT)-based fracture patterns in IT femur fractures in adults.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Over a period of 18 months, 137 patients with IT femoral fractures were included. Fracture classification using Evans (1949), Boyd and Griffin (1956), and Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) (2018) was done. Bone quality was assessed by calculating the HU value from the largest spherical region of interest in the IT region of the unaffected side. 3D-CT-based classification system by Dr. R. B. Kalia and Dr. Shobha S. Arora was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was 65.4 ± 10.2 years, with females comprising 59.9%. AO/OTA type 31A2.2 was the most common, indicating frequent unstable fractures. Patients with stable fractures had significantly higher mean HU values (130.2 ± 22.1) compared to those with unstable fractures (105.4 ± 24.3) (P < 0.001). A significant correlation (P < 0.001) between the AO/OTA (2018) classification and the CT-based classification is evident.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lower HU values, indicating poorer bone quality, are strongly associated with unstable fracture patterns. The significant correlation between CT-based assessments and AO/OTA classification validates the utility of advanced imaging techniques in assessing bone strength and fracture risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145249533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indigenous Negative Pressure Wound Therapy: A Low-cost Equivalent Alternative to Conventional Vacuum-assisted Closure Therapy - A Prospective Randomized Open-blind Endpoint Study.","authors":"Govind Kumar Gupta, Gaurav Kumar Shukla, Sudha Rani, Ratnajeet Chakraborty, Tushar Kumar, Neel Chandra Siddhant","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_215_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_215_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vacuum assisted closure therapy (VAC) is a noninvasive, cost-effective alternative to surgical wound management. Indigenous negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) systems offer comparable clinical outcomes without financial constraints.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This prospective comparative study was conducted over 1 year at the Orthopedics department of RIMS, Ranchi. Eligibility criteria included patients with Gustilo-Anderson class 2, 3A, or 3B wounds, with exclusion criteria such as vascular injury or wound <10mm. Sample size was calculated to be 86 participants (43 per group). Data collection involved semi-quantitative wound assessments and wound surface area measurements, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Student t -test and Chi-square test were used to test statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed that the conventional negative pressure wound therapy led to faster wound healing, with a mean time of 31.1 days compared to 34.7 days in the indigenous therapy group. Assessment of wound bed score parameters showed similar results between the groups initially, with slight variations noted in certain aspects like severity of exposed bone/tendon during the second VAC applications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found that indigenous VAC therapy reduced wound healing time significantly. Both therapies had similar wound management outcomes, with minor differences in wound bed score parameters. However, conventional therapy displayed better wound healing progress. Complications were slightly lower but comparable in the indigenous group, suggesting indigenous VAC therapy as a cost-effective and safe alternative to conventional VAC therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"772-780"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Biodentine and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate as Indirect Pulp Capping Agents in Primary Molars: A Randomized Controlled Trial with 18-month Follow-up.","authors":"Nidhi Chhabra, Anuj Chhabra, Ruchi Mehta, Sandeep Bains, Gurpreet Mauli","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_280_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_280_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Indirect pulp treatment (IPT) is a vital pulp therapy procedure which helps to preserve the vitality of the pulp in teeth with deep carious lesions. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic success of Biodentine versus mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as indirect pulp capping materials in primary molars with reversible pulpitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 68 children aged 4-9 years with bilateral carious primary molars, showing no signs of irreversible pulpitis, were selected. They were divided into two groups: Group I received Biodentine and Group II received MTA. IPT was performed, followed by the placement of stainless steel crowns. Patients were recalled at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months for clinical and radiographic assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the initial 68 participants, 50 completed the 18-month follow-up, resulting in 100 treated primary molars analyzed. The IPT success rates were 96% (48 out of 50) for Biodentine and 94% (47 out of 50) for MTA. No statistically significant difference in success rates was observed between the two materials.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Biodentine and MTA demonstrated similar clinical and radiographic success rates after 18 months of follow-up, indicating that both materials are effective for indirect pulp capping in primary molars.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"852-857"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Maintenance of Periodontal Ligament Cell Viability of Energy Drink and Fruit Juice with Dextrose Normal Saline, ORS, and Hanks Balanced Salt Solution for Transportation of an Avulsed Tooth - An In vitro Study.","authors":"Ankur Jain, Anaya Kulkarni Kale, Madiha Khan, Aruna Rethan, Ankith Mohan, Ayushi Thakur","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_138_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_138_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>The viability of the periodontal ligament (PDL) cells on the root surface of the avulsed tooth determines the prognosis of the replanted tooth, which in turn is determined by a suitable transport medium in which the tooth was stored. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of energy drink and fruit juice as a storage medium for an avulsed tooth in maintaining the PDL cell viability with dextrose normal saline (DNS), oral rehydration salt (ORS), and hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 62 freshly extracted human teeth were divided into five experimental groups and two control groups. The positive and negative controls corresponded to 0-min and 8-h dry time, respectively. The experimental teeth were stored dry for 30 min and then immersed in one of five experimental media (HBSS, ORS, DNS, ENERGY DRINK, and FRUIT JUICE) for 45 min. The teeth were then treated with collagenase type III and trypsin for 10 min. The number of viable PDL cells was counted with a hemocytometer and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistical analysis showed that HBSS, ORS, and DNS had no statistically significant differences among them in maintaining the viability of the PDL cells but were significantly better than FRUIT JUICE. No statistically significant difference was found between ORS, DNS, and ENERGY DRINK in the number of viable PDL cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HBSS, ORS, and DNS showed similar results within the parameters of the study, concluded that among the agents used ORS and DNS can be used as alternative storage media for avulsed teeth. FRUIT JUICE, ENERGY DRINK, and ORS could serve as short-term storage media if the other solutions are not readily available.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>The basic idea behind this study is to search for an appropriate storage medium with favorable pH and osmolarity and ease of availability.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"724-728"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiological Outcomes in Recovered COVID-19 Pneumonia Cases at 1-year Follow-up: The \"Post-COVID-19 Lung Study\" in Dedicated COVID-19 Care Setting in India.","authors":"Shital Patil, Devang Kulkarni, Abhishek Vairagade, Gajanan Gondhali","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_22_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_22_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Radiological outcomes are initially interpreted as post-COVID-19 lung fibrosis in short-term follow-up of recovered COVID-19 cases in post-COVID-19 care settings and during long-term evaluation, these abnormalities are defined as post-COVID-19 sequalae's. In the present study, post-COVID-19 lung abnormalities were evaluated as \"residual lung abnormalities (RLAs)\" as radiological outcomes phenotypes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective, observational study initially included 1000 COVID-19 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction confirmed cases with lung involvement documented and radiological severity phenotypes categorized on high-resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) thorax as mild, moderate, and severe as per lung segment involvement bilaterally at the entry point. Final radiological outcomes were defined by performing a radiological assessment done at 1 year of discharge from the hospital in cases with specified inclusion criteria. Radiological final outcome phenotypes were defined as radiological lung abnormalities (RLAs) and categorized as resolving, persistent, and progressive types documented in HRCT imaging at 1 year of follow-up. Finally, we have included 209 cases with RLAs. Covariates recordings of age, gender, comorbidity, laboratory parameters, and interventions such as oxygen support and oxygen plus ventilatory support requirement during hospitalization were done. Statistical analysis is done using Chi-square test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RLAs were documented in 20.73% (209/1000) cases. Final radiological outcomes were documented as resolving at 72.24% (151/209), persistent 19.61% (41/209), and progressive 8.13% (17/209). A significant association was documented between RLAs and duration of illness at the entry point ( P < 0.00001), laboratory parameters at the entry point (D-dimer, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6) ( P < 0.00001), radiological computerized tomography severity phenotypes ( P < 0.00001), and interventions required in the indoor unit ( P < 0.00001). A significant association was observed between RLAs with covariates such as age, gender, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, and lung functions assessment by spirometry at 1 year follow-up ( P < 0.00001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Radiological lung abnormalities (RLAs) are new radiological classification of post-COVID-19 lung sequelae and are categorized as resolving, persistent, and progressive. Final outcomes phenotypic classification showed an important role in further workup and treatment plannings of these RLAs during follow-up. Importantly, the proportionate number of progressive phenotypes has underlying rheumatological predisposition, and the large number of cases in resolving phenotypes doesn't need any treatment; whereas few cases in the persistent category need protocolized follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"898-908"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital Hypothyroidism, Withdrawal of Thyroxin Supplementation, and Heart Failure in Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Case Report and Review of Literature.","authors":"Paschal Okuchi Njoku, Tobechukwu Chigha Iyidobi, Obumneme Benneth Anyim, Peter Chinenye Mba","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_274_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_274_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Heart failure (HF) is a major world health problem and has been described as a global scourge, with varied epidemiology, affecting about 64.3 million persons worldwide. In Africa, the impact of HF is huge and responsible for as much as 30%-50% of cardiovascular cases seen in hospitals. The report of HF in hypothyroidism is more in Western and Asian countries but rarely seen in Africa and other developing nations. This is a case report of HF in an adult with congenital hypothyroidism, precipitated by discontinuation of thyroxine supplementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"941-943"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}