Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia最新文献

{"title":"Virtual Screening Kandungan Senyawa Kipas Laut (Gorgonia mariae) sebagai Anti-Asma","authors":"Faruk Jayanto Kelutur, Resmi Mustarichie, A. Umar","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.16.2.39965.199-210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.16.2.39965.199-210","url":null,"abstract":"Kipas laut (Gorgonia mariae) telah digunakan masyarakat Maluku secara turun temurun sebagai obat asma. Kandungan metabolit sekunder yang paling dominan dalam kipas laut adalah sterol, dimana memiliki aktivitas terapi melalui efek sinergisme antara senyawa metabolit dengan polivalent activity. Pengujian kipas laut sebagai anti-asma belum pernah dilaporkan sebelumnya. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan virtual screening menggunakan metode in silico pada komponen sterol kipas laut sebagai tahap awal dalam menentukan efektivitas terapi anti-asma dengan memprediksi nilai ikatan energi bebas (ΔG), konstanta inhibisi (Ki), dan interaksi residu asam amino menggunakan Autodock Tools 4.2 dan Discovery Studio 2016 Client®. Keamanan dan efektivitas kandidat obat dievaluasi menggunakan parameter dari Lipinski Rule of Five dan pre-ADMET. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konstanta inhibisi dan ikatan energi bebas (Ki; ΔG) dari komponen senyawa kipas laut dapat diurutkan secara potensial yaitu 4,24-dimetil kolestanol  (0,809; -12,40) > 24-metil-22-dehidrokolesterol (0,864; -12,36) > 23-demetil gorgosterol (1,74; -11,95) > 4,24-dimetil-22-dehidrokolestanol (1,89; -11,90). Residu asam amino yang berperan penting dalam aktivitas inhibisi hCHIT1 adalah 213-ASP. Semua komponen senyawa uji memiliki nilai log P lebih dari 5 yang menunjukkan bahwa kelarutan dan toksisitas perlu diperhatikan. Evaluasi distribusi pre-ADMET berdasarkan nilai dari pengikatan protein plasma menunjukan bahwa senyawa uji dapat berdifusi menembus membran plasma dan berinteraksi sesuai target farmakologi. Selain itu, hasil parameter uji toksisitas menunjukkan bahwa senyawa 23-demetil gorgosterol dan 4,24-dimetil-22-dehidrokolestanol memiliki potensi sebagai anti-asma.Virtual Screening of the Compounds in Gorgonians (Gorgonia mariae) as anti-asthma. The people of Maluku have used Kipas laut (G. mariae) for generations as an asthma medicine. The secondary metabolite that is most dominant in kipas laut is sterols, which have therapeutic activity through the synergistic effect between metabolite compounds and polyvalent activity. Anti-asthma activity of kipas laut has never been reported. Therefore, it is necessary to do virtual screening using the in silico method on the sterol component of kipas laut as a first step in determining the effectiveness of anti-asthma therapy by predicting the value of free energy bonds (ΔG), constant inhibition (Ki), and interactions of amino acid residues using Autodock Tools 4.2 and Discovery Studio 2016 Client®. The effectiveness and safety of prospective drugs are evaluated using the Lipinski Rule of Five and pre-ADMET. The results showed that the value of inhibition constants and free energy bonds (Ki; ΔG) on the compound of kipas laut that was potentially sorted was 4.24-dimethyl cholestanol (0.809; -12.40) > 24-methyl-22-dehydrocholesterol (0.864; -12.36) > 23-demethyl gorgosterol (1.74; -11.95) > 4.24-dimethyl-22-dehidrokolestanol (1.89; -11.90). The crucial r","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84992667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pengaruh Pemurnian Terhadap Kualitas dan Kandungan Skualen Minyak Biji Kemangi Hutan (Ocimum gratissimum L.)","authors":"Hartati Soetjipto, Yoga Andika Putra, A. I. Kristijanto","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.16.2.41110.190-198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.16.2.41110.190-198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><em>Ocimum gratissimum</em> L. atau kemangi hutan merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman yang banyak dimanfaatkan dalam bidang pengobatan tradisional. Biji dari tanaman kemangi hutan diduga mengandung senyawa aktif antioksidan berupa skualena yang banyak digunakan dalam industri farmasi. Sumber utama senyawa skualena adalah minyak hati ikan hiu, kenyataan ini memperkuat alasan perburuan ikan hiu semakin marak. Skualen nabati yang bisa ditemukan pada beberapa jenis tumbuhan menjadi salah satu alternatif untuk mengurangi penggunaan skualena dari minyak hati ikan hiu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan hasil rendemen, sifat fisiko-kimia serta menganalisa komponen penyusun minyak biji kemangi hutan dengan metode <em>Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry</em> (GC-MS). Tahapan penelitian meliputi ekstraksi minyak biji kemangi hutan menggunakan alat soxhlet dengan pelarut heksana dilanjutkan dengan proses pemurnian yang meliputi <em>degumming</em> dan netralisasi. Tahap terakhir berupa analisa GCMS minyak hasil ekstraksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen minyak biji kemangi hutan setelah pemurnian diperoleh sebesar 5,106 ± 0,10%, berwarna kuning pucat berbau khas kemangi hutan, kadar air minyak 0,06%; massa jenis minyak 0,84 g/ml; bilangan asam 0,416 ± 0 mg KOH/g minyak; bilangan peroksida 0,028 ± 0 meq O₂/g minyak; dan bilangan penyabunan 219,648 ± 2,608 mg KOH/g. Sifat fisikokimia tersebut telah memenuhi kriteria SNI. Hasil analisis GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa minyak biji kemangi hutan didominasi oleh  empat komponen utama yaitu skualena (58,85%), asam propanedioat (16,69%),  asam palmitat (14,91%), dan metil heksanoat (9,55%). Pemurnian minyak biji kemangi hutan meningkatkan kandungan skualena dari 1,07% menjadi 58,85%. </p><p><strong><span class=\"hps\"><span style=\"font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\" lang=\"IN\">The Effect of Purification on The Quality and Content of Forest Basil Seed Oil (<em>Ocimum gratissimum</em> L.). </span></span></strong><span class=\"hps\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\" lang=\"IN\">O. gratissimum</span></em><span style=\"font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\" lang=\"IN\"> L. or </span><span style=\"font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\" lang=\"EN-US\">f</span><span style=\"font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-ansi-la","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85061231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decolorization of Methylene Blue Dye Using ZnO/ZSM-5 Photocatalyst Under UV-LED Irradiation","authors":"Lely Dwi Astuti, Y. Kusumawati, D. Prasetyoko, W. Widayatno, A. Hamid","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.16.2.42985.232-239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.16.2.42985.232-239","url":null,"abstract":"<span id=\"docs-internal-guid-710aacff-7fff-63c8-d621-c027e79f6f4f\"><span><strong>ABSTRACT. </strong></span><span>The present research studied about decolorization of methylene blue dye using photocatalyst ZnO/ZSM-5 under UV-LED lamp. ZnO/ZSM-5 was synthesized using the impregnation method by adding two grams ZSM-5 to Zn solution 0.3 M 10 mL. Photocatalyst was characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-Ray (FESEM-EDX), and surface area analyzer (SAA). Analysis using XRD show addition characteristic peaks of ZnO at 2θ 31.60°, 34.21°, 36.08°, 47.35°, 56.50°, 62.73°, 67.83°, that indicates a successful impregnation process. The photocatalysis activity test was done on methylene blue dye 100 mg L-1. ZSM-5 and ZnO activities were tested under UV-LED irradiation and dark conditions. Data showed that percent removal of dye occurred on ZnO/ZSM-5 under 15 minutes irradiation is 78.32%.</span></span>","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82945465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prakonsentrasi Ion Cd(II) dalam Sampel Pupuk Nitrogen, Fosfor dan Kalium (NPK) Menggunakan Alumina Teraktivasi sebagai Material Pengisi Kolom","authors":"Lossi Hotmaida Simanjuntak, E. Erwin, A. S. Panggabean","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.16.2.39363.152-162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.16.2.39363.152-162","url":null,"abstract":"Prakonsentrasi ion Cd(II) dalam sampel pupuk nitrogen, fosfor dan kalium (NPK) menggunakan alumina teraktivasi sebagai material pengisi kolom telah dilakukan. Alumina terlebih dahulu diaktivasi dengan NaOH pada pH 8 sebelum dimasukkan ke dalam kolom. Beberapa parameter penting dalam tahapan prakonsentrasi yang dapat meningkatkan kinerja analitik pengukuran telah ditentukan menggunakan instrumen spektrofotometer serapan atom (SSA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi optimum tahapan prakonsentrasi ion Cd(II), adalah pada volume sampel 10 mL, volume HNO3 adalah 4 mL pada konsentrasi 0,5 M, dengan nilai kapasitas retensi adalah 1,4113 mg Cd(II)/g alumina. Kinerja analitik pengukuran metode sangat baik, ditunjukkan dengan nilai batas deteksi metode adalah 2,7997 μg/L. Presisi metode dinyatakan sebagai persentase koefisien variansi adalah 4,03%. Penggunaan alumina sebagai bahan pengisi kolom dapat meningkatkan signal sebesar 2,5 kali dibandingkan dengan pengukuran ion Cd(II) secara langsung. Akurasi metode ini sangat baik, dengan nilai persen perolehan kembali adalah 91,67 – 103,49%, menunjukkan bahwa matriks sampel tidak  mempengaruhi hasil pengukuran, sehingga metode ini dapat digunakan untuk analisis ion Cd(II) dalam sampel pupuk NPK. Estimasi ketidakpastian metode ini juga telah dihitung dan ditunjukkan dengan nilai persen ketidakpastian adalah 14,16%.Preconcentration of Cd(II) Ion in Nitrogen, Phosphor, and Kalium (NPK) Fertilizer Sample Using Activated Alumina as a Column Filler Material. The research about preconcentration of Cd(II) in NPK fertilizer using activated alumina as a column filler material was done. The column used a filler material of alumina previously activated using NaOH at pH 8. Some important parameters in the preconcentration stage are able to increase the analytical performance, determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The result of the research shows the optimum condition of preconcentration stage Cd(II) ion are volume of the sample was 10 mL, the volume of eluent HNO3 was 4 mL with a concentration of 0.5 M, with the retention of capacity value was 1.4113 mg Cd(II)/g alumina. The analytical performance of this method is good, shown with the limit of detection value was 2.7997 μg/L. The precision of this method was indicated by the percentage of the coefficient variance of 4.03%. Alumina used as a filler column can increase the signal up to 2.5 times for direct Cd(II) ions measurement. The accuracy of this method is excellent, with the recovery percentage value was 91.67 – 103.49%, indicating that the matrices of NPK fertilizer give no effect on the results of measurements, and this method was capable of analyzing Cd(II) ions in NPK fertilizer. The uncertainty of this method was estimated as the percentage of the uncertainty of 14.16%.","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"94 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91423218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Karakterisasi Membran ZSM-5 yang Disintensis dengan Variasi Jenis dan Ukuran Kasa Penyangga","authors":"A. H. Mukaromah, T. Ariyadi, I. H. Azizah, M. Mifbakhuddin","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.16.1.25406.1-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.16.1.25406.1-9","url":null,"abstract":"Telah dilakukan sintesis dan karakterisasi membran ZSM-5 dengan penyangga kasa jenis 304 ukuran 200 dan 400 mesh dan jenis kasa AISI 316 ukuran 180 mesh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mensintesis membran ZSM-5 dengan penyangga kasa jenis 304 ukuran 200 dan 400 mesh dan jenis kasa AISI 316 ukuran 180 mesh dan mengkarakterisasi membran ZSM-5 hasil sintesis. Sintesis membran dilakukan dengan cara melapiskan prekursor ZSM-5 ( coating) pada penyangga kasa yang telah diberi perlakuan dan dipanaskan pada suhu 90 °C selama 4 hari. Selanjutnya, membran yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi engan metoda X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) dan Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR). Hasil citra SEM-EDS menunjukkan bahwa ukuran membran ZSM-5 yang semakin besar, menghasilkan jumlah lubang atau pori semakin banyak dengan luasan pori yang semakin kecil. Pola difraksi XRD menunjukkan bahwa membran yang dihasilkan mempunyai intensitas tertinggi pada 2 8o dan 23o yang merupakan karakteristik dari ZSM-5. Hasil spektra FTIR menunjukkan adanya serapan pada bilangan gelombang 450 cm - 1 yang merupakan ciri khas membran ZSM-5. Characterization of ZSM-5 Membranes Synthesized by Variation of Support Types and Sizes. Synthesis and characterization of ZSM-5 membrane were carried out with 304 type 200 and 400 mesh gauze supports and 180 mesh AISI 316 gauze types. The purpose of this study was to synthesize ZSM-5 membrane with 304 type 200 and 400 mesh gauze support and AISI 316 type 180 mesh size 180 mesh and characterize the synthesized ZSM-5 membrane. Membrane synthesis was carried out by coating the pre-treated gauze support with the ZSM-5 precursor and was heated at 90 °C for 4 days. Furthermore, the resulting membrane was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) dan Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR). The SEM-EDX analysis shows that the increasing of ZSM-5 membrane size allowed pores number to increase with smaller pore surface area. The X-ray Diffraction pattern (XRD) shows that the resulting membrane has the highest intensity at 2  of 8o and 23o as the characteristics of ZSM-5. The FTIR spectra results show absorption at wavenumbers 450 cm -1 which is a characteristic of ZSM-5 membranes.","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89133404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sintesis Grafena Oksida Tereduksi Terdoping Nitrogen Dan Sulfur Dari Amonium Tiosianat Sebagai Elektroda Lawan Pada Sistem Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC)","authors":"Sayekti Wahyuningsih, Ari Handono Ramelan, M. Fuad, Q. Hanif","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.16.1.34587.126-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.16.1.34587.126-139","url":null,"abstract":"Pada penelitian ini telah berhasil disintesis komposit rGO-NS melalui pendopingan pada material berbasis grafena oksida tereduksi (rGO) dengan penambahan amonium thiosianat sebagai sumber dopan N dan S. Dopan N dan S pada rGO mempengaruhi struktur rGO yang ditunjukkan dengan pergeseran puncak difraktogram pada 2θ=24,97 ( hkl 002). Spektra Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) material rGO-NS memberikan serapan puncak baru dari vibrasi C=N pada daerah 1501-1516 cm -1 dan dari vibrasi C-N serta C-S pada daerah 1130 – 1146 cm -1 . Morfologi rGO-NS berupa lembaran tipis dua Dimensional (2D) bertumpuk dengan jarak antar lapis tertentu. Pengujian I-V measurement menggunakan Keithley 2602A, sistem DSSC dengan material rGO-NS digunakan sebagai bahan elektroda lawan menunjukkan efisiensi terbesar mencapai 0,1268%, dengan peningkatan efisiensi sebanyak 11,32 kali apabila dibandingkan dengan Pt. Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide doped with Nitrogen and Sulfur from Ammonium Thiocyanate as a Counter Electrode in Dye - Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) System . In this research, the rGO-NS composite was successfully synthesized through doping on reduced graphene oxide based-materials (rGO) with the addition of ammonium thiocyanate as nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) source. N and S dopant influence the rGO structure indicated by the peak shifting into 2θ=24.97 (hkl 002). The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of material rGO-NS reveals new bands which correspond to C=N vibration within 1501 – 1516 cm -1 and C–N vibration together with C–S at area between 1130-1146 cm -1 . The morphology of rGO-NS shows that the material consists of many 2 Dimensional (2D) thin layers. The current and voltage (I-V) measurement using Keithley 2602A with material rGO-NS as a counter electrode on DSSC system, demonstrates that the highest efficiency is 0.1268%. This performance is 11.32 times higher compare to the DSSC system with Pt.","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"2016 1","pages":"126-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86479129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimasi Metode Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) untuk Menentukan Kadar Flavonoid Total Alga Coklat Padina australis","authors":"Bina Lohita Sari, Triastinurmiatiningsih Triastinurmiatiningsih, Tri Saptari Haryani","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.16.1.34186.38-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.16.1.34186.38-49","url":null,"abstract":"Metode Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) digunakan untuk mengekstraksi senyawa flavonoid dari simplisia alga coklat Padina australis . Sampel diperoleh dari Pantai Bayah, Banten Indonesia. Kondisi optimal ekstraksi ditentukan dengan Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Desain Box-Behnken (BBD) digunakan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh 3 faktor dengan 3 level yaitu daya microwave (300, 450, 600 watt), konsentrasi etanol  (30, 50, 70%), dan waktu ekstraksi (7, 8 dan 9 menit) dengan 15 perlakuan yang berbeda. Hasil disain eksperimen dengan BBD menunjukkan kondisi ekstraksi optimum yaitu pada daya microwave 414 watt, konsentrasi etanol 50,33% dan waktu ekstraksi 7,89 menit menghasilkan kadar prediksi flavonoid sebesar nilai 0,2963%. Nilai ini mendekati nilai kadar flavonoid yang diperoleh secara eksperimental sebesar 0,2961%, pada kondisi menggunakan daya microwave sebesar 450 watt, konsentrasi etanol 50% dengan lama ekstraksi 8 menit. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kadar flavonoid total dapat meningkat secara signifikan dengan melakukan optimasi proses MAE menggunakan RSM. Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction for Total Flavonoid Content of Padina australis Brown Algae. Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) was done to extraction flavonoid from Padina australis brown algae simplicial. The sample collected from Bayah coastal waters, Banten Indonesia. Optimum extraction condition was determined by the response surface methodology (RSM). The Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to evaluate the influence of 3 factors with 3 levels extraction that is microwave power (300, 450, 600 watts), ethanol concentration (30, 50, 70%), and extraction time (7, 8 and 9 minutes) with 15 different runs. The research showed that optimum extraction condition was at 414 watts of microwave power, 50.33% ethanol concentration, and time extraction of 7.89 minutes yielded a predicted value of total flavonoid content of 0.2963%. This value approaches to the flavonoid content obtained experimentally at 0.2961% under condition of 450 watts microwave power, 50% ethanol concentration, and time extraction of 8 minutes. Based on the result, total flavonoid content can be significantly increased by optimizing the MAE process use RSM.","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"7 1","pages":"38-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89216921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Kandungan Fenolik Total Daun Zodia (Evodia suaveolens)","authors":"Khoirul Ngibad, Lilla Puji Lestari","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.16.1.35580.94-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.16.1.35580.94-109","url":null,"abstract":"Senyawa dengan radikal bebas merupakan senyawa yang mempunyai satu atau lebih elektron tidak berpasangan yang dapat merusak sel dan jaringan jika terakumulasi dalam tubuh manusia. Antioksidan dapat berfungsi untuk menginaktivasi reaksi oksidasi dan mencegah terbentuknya radikal tetapi antioksidan sintetik dapat menyebabkan karsinogen. Oleh karena itu, antioksidan yang terkandung dalam sumber alami perlu diteliti lebih lanjut. Salah satunya adalah tanaman zodia (Evodia suaveolens). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak metanol, etil asetat, dan diklorometana dari daun tanaman zodia yang dinyatakan dengan IC 50 (inhibitory concentration) dan untuk mengetahui kadar fenolik total dari ekstrak daun zodia. Serbuk daun zodia dimaserasi menggunakan tiga pelarut, yaitu metanol, etil asetat, dan diklorometana secara terpisah. Penentuan aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan uji penangkapan radikal DPPH (2,2-difenill-1-pikrilhidrazil) sedangkan penentuan kandungan fenolik total dilakukan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri. Nilai aktivitas antioksidan yang dinyatakan dengan IC 50 dari ekstrak metanol, etil asetat, dan diklorometana dari daun zodia berturut-turut adalah 170, 124, dan 409 ppm. Kadar fenolik total dari ekstrak metanol, etil asetat, dan diklorometana dari daun zodia berturut-turut adalah 0,02430; 0,01183; dan 0,00930 mg GAE/g eks. Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content of Zodia Leaves (Evodia suaveolens). The compounds with free radicals are compounds that have one or more unpaired electrons which can damage cells and tissues if they was accumulated in the human body. Antioxidants can act to inactivate oxidation reactions and prevent the formation of radicals but synthetic antioxidants can cause carcinogens. Therefore, antioxidants containing in natural sources need to be investigated. One of them is the zodia (Evodia suaveolens) plant. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of antioxidant activity of methanol, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane extract from the leaves of the zodia plant in IC 50 (inhibitory concentration) and to determine the total phenolic content of zodia leaf extract. Zodia leaves powder was macerated using three solvents, namely: methanol, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane, separately. Determination of antioxidant activity was carried out by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazyl) radical catching test and the determination of total phenolic content was carried out using spectrophotometric methods. The antioxidant activity values expressed by IC 50 from methanol, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane extracts from zodia leaves were 170, 124, and 409 ppm, respectively. Total phenolic concentrations of methanol, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane extracts from zodia leaves were 0.02430, 0.01183, and 0.00930 mg GAE/g.","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"29 1","pages":"94-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89608781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pengembangan dan Validasi Prosedur Pengukuran Logam Timbal (Pb) dalam Makanan Pendamping Air Susu Ibu Menggunakan Spektroskopi Serapan Atom","authors":"M. Taufiq, Kiptiyah Kiptiyah, Roihatul Muti'ah","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.16.1.35190.25-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.16.1.35190.25-37","url":null,"abstract":"Validasi metode analisis telah berhasil dilakukan untuk pengukuran logam timbal (Pb) dalam 5 jenis makanan pendamping air susu Ibu (MP-ASI). Logam timbal (Pb) dianalisis menggunakan spektroskopi serapan atom setelah didestruksi dengan asam nitrat dan dipanaskan menggunakan automatic digester pada suhu 130 o C dan lama pemanasan 60 menit. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini untuk menghasilkan suatu metode analisis baru yang lebih sederhana, mudah diaplikasikan, dan waktu analisis lebih cepat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua sampel dengan kode SBM, SKI, CBM, CKI dan ProAKB terdapat logam timbal (Pb) dengan konsentrasi berturut-turut sebesar 0,87; 1,02; 1,44; 1,48 dan 2,00 mg/L. Tiga dari 5 sampel tersebut, memiliki konsentrasi Pb yang melebihi ambang batas SNI 7387:2009. Hasil pengembangan metode ini telah memenuhi persyaratan validasi seperti linieritas, akurasi, presisi, batas deteksi dan kuantisasi. Linieritas dikonfirmasi melalui larutan standar Pb 0,2 ‒ 1,0 mg/L dengan perolehan koefisien korelasi (r 2 ) 0,9994, persen perolehan kembali 88,0 ‒ 95,1%, standar deviasi relatif (RSD) 5,7 ‒ 7,3%, batas deteksi (LOD) metode 0,007 sedangkan nilai batas kuantisasi (LOQ) sebesar 0,023 mg/L. Metode destruksi ini dapat dikategorikan sebagai metode preparasi yang tepat, teliti, sederhana dan dapat dijadikan sebagai metode analisis Pb pada sampel berbeda. Improvement and Validation of Procedure to Measure Lead (Pb) In A Complementary Food for Breast Milk Using Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy. Validation of the analytical method was successfully carried out for the measurement of lead (Pb) in 5 types of complementary foods for breast milk (MP-ASI). This element was measured by atomic absorption spectrometer after digested of the samples with nitric acid by automatic digester at 130 o C for 60 minutes. The purpose of this research is to develop a new measurement method that is simpler and faster analysis. The results showed that all samples with SBM, SKI, CBM, CKI and ProAKB codes contained of lead (Pb) 0.87; 1.02; 1.44; 1.48 and 2.00 mg/L respectively. Three of the 5 samples contained Pb levels that exceeded the SNI 7387:2009 threshold. The development of this method met the validation requirements such as linearity, precision, accuracy, detection and quantification limits (LOD and LOQ). Respons of linearity was verified for concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 mg/L of lead standard solution. Correlation coefficient (r 2 ) of the calibration straight lines was 0.9994. Repeatability of the method gave relative standard deviation (RSD) of 5.7 ‒ 7.3%. The recovery of lead obtained after spiking method with increasing amounts of lead rate of 88.0 ‒ 95.1%. Limits of detection and quantification were 0.007 and 0.023 mg/L respectively. This method can be categorized as an appropriate, thorough, fast, and can be used in different samples.","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"147 1","pages":"25-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74904792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimasi dan Validasi Metode Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi untuk Menetapkan Kadar Asam Klorogenat dalam Ekstrak Etanol Daun Yakon (Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp. & Endl.) H. Robinson)","authors":"Zuhelmi Aziz, Liliek Nurhidayati, Syamsudin Abdillah, Nancy Dewi Yuliana, Partomuan Simanjuntak","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.16.1.28952.67-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.16.1.28952.67-76","url":null,"abstract":"<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-c5cb41fa-7fff-bcb7-a369-034e4910c35f\"><span>Yakon merupakan tanaman yang dapat digunakan untuk pengobatan dan kebutuhan pangan. Salah satu kandungan zat berkhasiat dalam daun yakon adalah asam klorogenat. Asam klorogenat diketahui memiliki aktifitas sebagai antioksidan, antikanker dan antidiabetes.  Penentuan kadar asam klorogenat dalam matriks yang kompleks diperlukan metode yang selektif dengan ketelitian dan ketepatan yang baik. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan optimasi dan validasi metode kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi (KCKT) fase balik untuk penetapan kadar asam klorogenat. Ekstrak dibuat secara ultrasonikasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 95%. Kondisi optimum diperoleh menggunakan fase gerak asam format 0,1% dalam asetonitril–asam format 0,1% dalam air (gradien); fase diam oktadesilsilan (C</span><span><span>18</span></span><span>) pada suhu 30 ºC dan detektor UV pada panjang gelombang 328 nm. Metode KCKT ini memberikan hasil yang memiliki ketelitian yang tinggi dengan simpangan baku relatif 0,79% dan ketepatan yang baik dengan perolehan kembali 97,50%. Kadar asam klorogenat yang diperoleh dalam ekstrak etanol 95% daun yakon sebesar 1,02%.</span></span></p><p> </p><p dir=\"ltr\"><span>Optimization and Validation of High Performance Liquid Chromatography Methods for Determination of Chlorogenic Acid Levels in Ethanol Extracts of Yakon Leaves (</span><span>Smallanthus sonchifolius</span><span> (Poepp. & Endl.) H. Robinson). </span><span>Yacon is a plant that can be used for medication and food needs. One of the bioactive compounds of yacon leaves is chlorogenic acid. Chlorogenic acid has various biological activities, such as antioxidant, anticancer and antidiabetic activities. </span><span>To determine the chlorogenic acid in such complex matrix, such selective methods with good precision and acuracy are required.</span><span> In this study, the optimization and validation of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for chlorogenic acid determination </span><span>were performed</span><span>. The extract was prepared by ultrasonication in 95% ethanol</span><span>.</span><span>The optimized condition for HPLC </span><span>obtained was by using</span><span> mobile phase  0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile – 0.1% formic acid in water with gradient elution, stationary phase octadesylsilane  (C</span><span><span>18</span></span><span>)  at 30 </span><span><span>o</span></span><span>C and UV detector at of 328 nm. The result showed that HPLC method had high precicion with relative standard deviation of 0.79% and high accuracy with recovery of 97.50%. The chlorogenic acid in the ethanol 95% extract of </span><span>Y</span><span>acon leaves was 1,02%.</span></p><div><span><br /></span></div>","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85956499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}