Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia最新文献

{"title":"Sintesis Carbon Nanofoam dan Karakteristiknya","authors":"Nuryah Muchlisha, Dian Maruto Widjonarko, Teguh Endah Saraswati","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.19.1.64499.108-122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.19.1.64499.108-122","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Karbon memiliki kemampuan untuk membuat jaringan ikatan hibridisasi sp, sp‒sp², sp², sp³, dan sp²‒sp³,sehingga karbon terdapat dalam banyak bentuk alotrop seperti grafit, <em>diamond</em>, <em>graphene</em>, <em>nanofiber, nanofoam, </em>dan<em> nanotube</em>. <em>Carbon</em> <em>nanofoam</em> (CNF) terbentuk dari atom karbon yang terikat secara sp² dan sp³. CNF memiliki struktur sel terbuka yang saling berhubungan, densitas yang sangat rendah, stabilitas termal yang tinggi, dan porositas yang tinggi. CNF<em> </em>dapat diperoleh dengan menggunakan berbagai metode seperti <em>chemical vapor depositon</em>, laser ablsasi<em>, arc-discharge</em>, dan pirolisis. Sintesis dengan berbagai jenis sumber karbon dan keadaan eksperimen menghasilkan material yang memiliki berbagai ukuran, luas permukaan, dan strukturnya. Struktur CNF terdiri dari dua jenis berdasarkan pola tepi strukturnya yaitu <em>zigzag</em> dan <em>armchair</em>. Hasil karakterisasinya menunjukkan bahwa CNF lebih banyak mengandung karbon dengan hibridisasi sp² dengan struktur yang berinterkoneksi<em> </em>satu sama lain dan memiliki densitas yang sangat rendah. Selain itu, material ini juga memiliki pori dalam ukuran mesopori dan luas permukaan yang tinggi. Sifat unik yang dimiliki oleh CNF<em> </em>berpotensi diaplikasikan dalam berbagai bidang seperti filter, superkapasitor, dan <em>energy storage</em>. </p><p><strong>Synthesis of Carbon Nanofoam and Its Characteristics. </strong>Carbon can create sp, sp‒sp², sp², sp³, and sp²‒sp³ hybridized bond networks, which make carbon in many allotropes forms such as graphite, diamond, graphene, nanofiber, nanofoam, and nanotubes. Carbon nanofoam  (CNF) is formed by sp² and sp³ bonded carbon atoms. CNF has an interconnected open-cell structure, very low density, high thermal stability, and high porosity. CNF is obtained using several methods, such as laser ablation, arc-discharge, chemical vapor deposition, and pyrolysis. Synthesis with various types of carbon sources and experimental conditions resulted in materials having various sizes, surface areas, and structures. The structure of CNF consists of two edge pattern types, including zigzag and armchair. The characterization results show that CNF contains more interconnected carbon with sp² hybridization and has a very low density. In addition, this material also has pores in the mesoporous size and high surface area. The unique properties of CNF provide potential applications in various fields, such as filters, supercapacitors, and energy storage.<strong></strong></p>","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84654373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Penambatan Molekuler Senyawa Aktif Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) pada Butirilkolinesterase sebagai Kandidat Antialzheimer","authors":"Rahmadina Putri, Mega Safithri, Husnawati Husnawati, Rini Kurniasih","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.19.1.59676.68-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.19.1.59676.68-85","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer adalah salah satu penyakit neurodegeneratif kronis dan menjadi penyakit yang sering dialami oleh orang lanjut usia. Perubahan yang terjadi dari penyakit Alzheimer, yakni penurunan fungsi kognitif, memori, dan perubahan perilaku secara permanen. Senyawa aktif pada daun sirih merah memiliki kesamaan kandungan dengan daun sirih hijau untuk menghambat butirilkolinesterase (BChE). Butirilkolinesterase adalah salah satu enzim yang berperan dalam penanganan penyakit Alzheimer dikaitkan dengan terbentuknya Alzheimer, yakni hipotesis kolinergik. Penelitian dilakukan menguji daya inhibisi senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam daun sirih merah terhadap aktivitas butirilkolinesterase melalui pendekatan simulasi penambatan molekuler. Penelitian menggunakan dua metode, yakni penggabungan penapisan virtual dan penambatan molekuler sebagai tahapan awal pengembangan daun sirih merah terhadap aktivitas penghambatan butirilkolinesterase. Hasil dalam penelitian diperoleh, daya inhibisi terbaik ditemukan pada 1,2,3,4,5,6,7-heptazacycloicosane sebesar 0,4888 µM dan energi bebas pengikatan sebesar -8,6 kkal∙mol-1. Residu yang berperan dalam menghambat butirilkolinesterase, yakni pada pengikatan substrat oleh ligan uji, yakni Tyr-332 dan Trp-82. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber referensi dalam menemukan alternatif pengobatan penyakit Alzheimer. Molecular Docking of the Active Compound of Red Betel (Piper crocatum) on Butyrylcholinesterase as an Antialzheimer's Candidate. Alzheimer's is a chronic neurodegenerative disease often experienced by the elderly. Changes that occur from Alzheimer's disease such as permanent decline in cognitive function, memory, and behavioral changes. The active compounds in red betel leaves have similar contents with green betel leaves to inhibit butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Butyrylcholinesterase is an enzyme that may play an important role in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease associated with the formation of Alzheimer's, the cholinergic hypothesis. The study tested the inhibition power of the active compounds contained in red betel leaves against the activity of butyrylcholinesterase through a molecular docking simulation approach. The method in the study used the merger of virtual screening and molecular docking as the initial stage for the development of red betel leaves against the inhibitory activity of butyrylcholinesterase. The result in the study found the best inhibitiron power was found at 1,2,3,4,5,6,7-heptazacycloicosane of 0.4888 µM and binding free energy of -8.6 kkal∙mol-1. The residues that play a role in the inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase on substrate binding by test ligands were Tyr-332 and Trp-82. The research result can be used as a reference in finding alternative treatments for Alzheimer's disease. ","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87660792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Nanopartikel Perak Menggunakan Ekstrak Buah Mangrove Rhizophora stylosa","authors":"Nancy Willian, Hilfi Pardi, Syukri Arief","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.19.1.59359.53-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.19.1.59359.53-60","url":null,"abstract":"Nanopartikel perak menampilkan sifat fisik dan biologis yang unik yang telah menarik minat penelitian karena aplikasi yang menjanjikan. Pada penelitian ini, proses fabrikasi nanopartikel perak(AgNPs) dilakukan dengan metode green sintesis menggunakan tanaman mangrove dengan pelarut air. Ekstrak buah mangrove Rhizophora stylosa (RS) pertama kali digunakan sebagai reduktor dan stabilizer dalam sintesis AgNPs. Karakteristik AgNPs ditentukan dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD dan TEM. Analisis spektrum UV-vis menunjukkan panjang gelombang pada 430 ‒ 445 nm. Studi FTIR mengungkapkan adanya senyawa fitokimia aktif yang bertindak sebagai zat penutup dan penstabil nanopartikel. TEM menunjukkan morfologi AgNPs yang ditemukan berbentuk bola dengan ukuran diamter sekitar 10 ‒ 60 nm. Pola XRD menunjukkan bahwa semua sampel AgNPs yang diperoleh memiliki struktur face-center cubic (fcc) yang menegaskan bahwa nanopartikel bersifat padatan kristalin dengan ukuran kristal 38 ‒ 77 nm. Studi ini membuktikan kemampuan biomaterial dalam sintesis AgNPs dengan mengadopsi prinsip sintesis hijau.Fabrication and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Extract of Mangrove Fruit of Rhizophora stylosa. Silver nanoparticles display unique physical and biological properties that have attracted research interest because of their promising applications. In this research, silver nanoparticle (AgNPs)  fabrication process was carried out via green synthesis methods using mangrove plants and water as a solvent. Mangrove fruit extract Rhizophora stylosa (RS) was first used as a reducing agent and stabilizer in the synthesis of AgNPs. The characteristics of AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, and TEM spectrophotometers. UV-vis spectrum analysis showed a peak at 430 ‒ 445 nm. FT-IR studies revealed the presence of active phytochemical compounds which act as coating agents and stabilizers for nanoparticles. TEM showed that the morphology of AgNPs was spherical with a diameter size of 10 ‒ 60 nm. The XRD patterns showed that all of the AgNPs sample obtained had a face-center cubic (fcc) structure, indicating that the nanoparticles are crystalline solids with a crystallite size of 38 ‒ 77 nm. This study proves the ability of biomaterials in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by adopting the principle of green synthesis.","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84894518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GC-MS Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils of Five Syzygium Species Leaves","authors":"N. Choironi, S. Sunarto, Esti Dyah Utami, M. S. Fareza","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.19.1.67401.61-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.19.1.67401.61-67","url":null,"abstract":"<p class=\"Abstract\">The essential oil can inhibit pathogenic bacterial activities, which can be developed to be a natural preservative for food. This research aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the essential oils from five species Syzygium on <em>Bacillus cereus</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em>,<em> Staphylococcus aureus,</em> and <em>Salmonella enterica sv Typhimurium</em>. The research results show that five <em>Syzygium sp.</em> Essential oils have moderate antibacterial properties with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 250 ‒ 500 μg/mL<em>. S. polyanthum</em> essential oils have the highest antibacterial activity than the rest species on <em>B. cereus</em> at 250 μg/mL. Meanwhile, the essential oil of <em>S. polycephalum</em> also showed the highest antibacterial activity with a MIC value of 250 μg/mL against <em>L. monocytogenes</em>. The chemical component analysis using GC-MS shows the main constituents farnesol, nerolidol, and n-decanal, presenting the antibacterial effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84554489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modifikasi Membran Kitosan Tertaut Silang Tripolifosfat Untuk Deteksi Ion Cu(II)","authors":"Abu Masykur, Gaby Aprilia, Anggun Duwi Hapsari, Atmanto Heru Wibowo, Candra Purnawan, S. Hastuti, P. Pranoto, Tri Martini","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.19.1.56392.86-93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.19.1.56392.86-93","url":null,"abstract":"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodifikasi kitosan dan digunakan sebagai sensor ion logam Cu(II). Modifikasi dilakukan dengan penaut silang kitosan menggunakan tripolifosfat dan dibentuk menjadi membran. Membran yang dihasilkan dianalisis dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis, Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR), dan Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX). Hasil analisis menunjukkan keberhasilan sintesis membran kitosan/tripolifosfat (CTS/TPP). Membran CTS/TPP dapat mendeteksi ion logam Cu(II) ditandai adanya perubahan warna membran dari bening menjadi biru. Keberhasilan deteksi ion logam Cu(II) oleh membran dikonfirmasi oleh pengujian UV-Vis, FTIR dan SEM-EDX. Pengujian spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada membran setelah dikontakkan dengan ion logam Cu(II) menunjukkan terjadinya pergeseran panjang gelombang maksimum akibat interaksi yang terjadi antara membran dengan ion logam Cu(II). Pada penentuan kondisi optimum pH, membran CTS/TPP optimum bekerja pada pH 7 dalam waktu 15 menit. Pada rentang konsentrasi ion Cu(II) 1‒10 ppm, nilai koefisien korelasi (R2) untuk membran CTS/TPP diperoleh sebesar 0,9917.Modification of Tripolyphosphate Cross-Linked Chitosan Membrane for Cu(II) Ion Sensor. This study aims to modify chitosan and use it as a sensor for Cu(II) metal ions. The modification was carried out by cross-linking chitosan using tripolyphosphate and forming it into a membrane. The resulting membranes were analyzed by UV-Vis, FTIR spectrophotometer, and SEM-EDX. The analysis results show the successful synthesis of the chitosan/tripolyphosphate (CTS/TPP) membrane. The CTS/TPP membrane can detect Cu(II) metal ions, as indicated by a change in the color of the membrane from clear to blue. The successful detection of Cu(II) metal ions by the membrane was confirmed by UV-Vis, FTIR spectrophotometer, and SEM-EDX. UV-Vis spectrophotometer testing on the membrane after contact with Cu(II) metal ions showed that the maximum wavelength was shifted due to the interaction that occurred between the membrane and Cu(II) metal ions. In the determination of the optimum pH condition, the CTS/TPP membrane optimally works at pH 7 for 15 minutes. In the Cu(II) concentration range of 1‒10 ppm, the correlation coefficient (R2) value for the CTS/TPP membrane was 0.9917.","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80135733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifikasi Komponen Aktif Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. Rubrum) sebagai Sumber Antioksidan dengan Pendekatan Metabolomik Berbasis HPLC","authors":"Diny Agustini Sandrasari, Nuri Andarwulan, Didah Nur Faridah, Fitriya Nur Annisa Dewi","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.19.1.64737.32-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.19.1.64737.32-43","url":null,"abstract":"Jahe merah (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. Rubrum) merupakan tanaman rempah yang sering digunakan untuk pengobatan tradisional. Penelitian tentang senyawa bioaktif jahe merah telah banyak diteliti, namun penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa bioaktif sebagai sumber antioksidan menggunakan pendekatan metabolomik berbasis HPLC belum dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi komponen bioaktif jahe merah sebagai antioksidan dengan pendekatan metabolomik. Profil senyawa kimia dari ekstrak dan fraksi (heksana, kloroform, etil asetat, dan air) dianalisis menggunakan High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) yang dilanjutkan dengan analisis metabolomik Orthogonal Projection to Latent Structure (OPLS). Hasil uji metabolomik OPLS diperoleh fraksi etil asetat sebagai sampel yang paling berkontribusi terhadap aktivitas antioksidan. Sampel ini kemudian diidentifikasi menggunakan UHPLC-MS/MS dan diketahui bahwa komponen bioaktif atau specific marker pada jahe merah adalah senyawa [6]-gingerol. Kandungan senyawa [6]-gingerol merupakan senyawa yang paling dominan diikuti oleh 8-gingerol dan 10-gingerol dengan nilai masing-masing secara berurutan adalah 88,61±0,52; 23,59±0,41; dan 21,85±0,63 mg/g ekstrak.Identification of Active Components of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. Rubrum) as a Source of Antioxidants with HPLC-Based Metabolomics Approach. Red ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. Rubrum) is a rhizome used as a traditional medicine. Research on red ginger bioactive compounds has been widely studied but research to identify bioactive compound as source of antioxidant using HPLC-based metabolomic approaches has not been carried out. This study aims to identify the active compound of red ginger as an antioxidant with a metabolomic approach. Chemical profiles of the extracts and fractions (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water) were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), followed by Orthogonal Projection to Latent Structure (OPLS) metabolomic analysis. The results of the OPLS metabolomic analysis showed that the ethyl acetate fraction is the sample that contributed the most to antioxidant activity. This sample was then identified using UHPLC-MS/MS showing that the bioactive component or specific marker in red ginger was [6]-gingerol. The [6]-gingerol content was the most dominant component, followed by [8]-gingerol and [10]-gingerol with values respectively 88.61±0.52, 23.59±0.41, and 21.85±0.63 mg/g extract.","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"319 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76285773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosensor Elektrokimia untuk Memonitor Level Hemoglobin Terglikasi (HbA1c) pada Penyakit Diabetes Melitus","authors":"Sheila Destiani, Iman Permana Maksum, Y. Hartati","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.19.1.58439.94-107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.19.1.58439.94-107","url":null,"abstract":"Hiperglikemia merupakan ciri diabetes melitus, sekelompok penyakit metabolik yang disebabkan oleh kelainan sekresi insulin, kerja insulin, atau keduanya. Hiperglikemia dapat menyebabkan kerusakan jangka panjang, disfungsi, dan kegagalan berbagai organ, terutama jantung, mata, saraf, pembuluh darah, dan ginjal. Oleh karena itu, diagnosis dan pemantauan rutin kadar glukosa darah sangat penting dilakukan. Hemoglobin terglikasi (HbA1c) adalah hemoglobin yang berikatan dengan glukosa dalam darah dan ditetapkan menjadi biomarker hiperglikemia yang dapat mengindikasikan diabetes atau prediabetes. Akan tetapi, pengukuran HbA1c di laboratorium klinis membutuhkan instrumen yang canggih dan mahal, tenaga ahli khusus dan waktu lama. Oleh karena itu, biosensor elektrokimia kemudian mulai dikembangkan untuk mendeteksi kadar HbA1c karena mudah digunakan, hasil cepat, dan harga yang murah. Ulasan ini membahas biosensor elektrokimia untuk mendeteksi HbA1c dan metode imobilisasi bioreseptor.Electrochemical Biosensor for Monitoring Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Levels in Diabetes Mellitus. Hyperglycemia is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus,  a group of metabolic diseases caused by defects in insulin action, insulin secretion, or both. Hyperglycemia can cause long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs, especially the heart, blood vessels, eyes, nerves, and kidneys.. Therefore, routine diagnosis and monitoring of blood glucose levels are very important. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is hemoglobin that binds to glucose in the blood and is established as a biomarker of hyperglycemia that may indicate diabetes or prediabetes. However, measurement of HbA1c in the clinical laboratory requires large and expensive instruments, specialized experts, and takes a long time. Therefore, an electrochemical biosensor began to be developed to detect HbA1c levels because it is easy to use and has fast results at lower prices. This review discusses electrochemical biosensors for detecting HbA1c and the immobilization of bioreceptors. ","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"58 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91439677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Karakterisasi Nanoemulsi Minyak Tulang Ikan Sidat dengan Ekstrak Daun Salam dan Uji Aktivitas Antihiperlipidemia","authors":"Fea Prihapsara, Anif Nur Artanti, Melati Sekar Hasna Hanun, Salsabila Nanda Fatiha, Fadhilla Nur Cahyani, Sholichah Rohmani","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.19.1.61169.14-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.19.1.61169.14-22","url":null,"abstract":"Pemanfaatan limbah terbuang dari pengolahan ikan sidat (Anguilla spp.) dapat diekstraksi menjadi minyak yang kaya manfaat. Kandungan asam lemak tak jenuh yang tinggi dalam minyak ikan sidat bermanfaat untuk kesehatan salah satunya sebagai antihiperlipidemia. Kombinasi dengan ekstrak bahan alam yaitu  ekstrak daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp) diharapkan memiliki efek sinergis sebagai agen antihiperlipidemia.  Formulasi kombinasi kedua bahan tersebut dibuat dalam sistem penghantaran obat berbasis lipid-based drug delivery system (LBDDS) yaitu dalam bentuk nanoemulsi dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kelarutan dan bioavailabilitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan minyak tulang ikan sidat, karakteristik formula nanoemulsi minyak tulang ikan sidat-ekstrak daun salam (NME) dan aktivitas antihiperlipidemia formula NME. Minyak tulang ikan sidat mengandung komposisi SAFA (Saturated Fatty Acid)  40,02%, MUFA (Mono Unsaturated Fatty Acid) 45,58% dan PUFA (Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid) 14,40% yang termasuk asam lemak rantai sedang hingga rantai panjang. Formula NME memenuhi kriteria ukuran partikel nanoemulsi yaitu sebesar       36,45 nm dengan nilai indeks polidispersitas (PI) sebesar 0,199 serta potensial zeta -21,20 mV.  Kombinasi NME-Simvastatin paling efektif menurunkan kadar kolesterol total pada mencit (Mus musculus).Nanoemulsion Characterization of Eel Bone Oil with Bay Leaf Extracts and Antihyperlipidemic Activity Test. The utilization of waste from processing eel (Anguilla spp.) can be extracted into beneficial oil. The high content of unsaturated fatty acids in eel fish oil is beneficial for health, such as anti-hyperlipidemia. In combination with extracts of natural ingredients, bay leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp) is expected to have a synergistic effect as an antihyperlipidemic agent. The combination formula of the two ingredients was made in a lipid-based drug delivery system (LBDDS) in the form of a nanoemulsion to increase solubility and bioavailability. This study aimed to analyze the content of eel bone oil, the characteristics of the nanoemulsion formula of bay leaf extract-eel bone oil (NME), and the antihyperlipidemic activity of the NME formula. Eel bone oil contains a composition of SAFA (Saturated Fatty Acid) of 40.02%, MUFA (Mono Unsaturated Fatty Acid) of 45.58%, and PUFA (Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid) of 14.40%, which includes medium-to long-chain fatty acids. The NME formula has a particle size of 36.45 nm, a polydispersity index (PI) of 0.199, and a zeta potential of -21,2 mV. The combination of NME–Simvastatin is the most effective in influencing changes in lipid profiles.     ","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84910242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pengaruh Metode Sintesis secara Solvo-Hidrotermal dan Elektrokimia terhadap Morfologi Struktur HKUST-1 sebagai Katalis Heterogen dalam Reaksi Esterifikasi Asam Palmitat","authors":"W. Lestari, Joni Hartono, Dian Wahyu Tri Wulansari, Enri Pramuja, Fauziyah Azhari, T. Kusumaningsih","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.19.1.62466.1-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.19.1.62466.1-13","url":null,"abstract":"Pemilihan metode sintesis akan berpengaruh terhadap karakter material yang dihasilkan yang meliputi kristanilitas, morfologi, luas permukaan, maupun kinerja dalam aplikasinya. Pada penelitian ini telah disintesis HKUST-1 secara solvo-hidrotermal dan elektrokimia dalam pelarut EtOH:H2O (1:1 (v/v)) dan diujicobakan sebagai katalis heterogen dalam esterifikasi asam palmitat. Sintesis secara solvo-hidrotermal, berlangsung dalam autoklaf selama 12 jam pada suhu 120 °C. Sementara itu, sintesis HKUST-1 secara elektrokimia digunakan elektroda tembaga, tegangan sel 15 V selama 90 menit dengan bantuan elektrolit TBATFB pada suhu dan tekanan ambien. Uji katalitik reaksi esterifikasi asam palmitat dilakukan dengan metode refluks selama 2 jam. HKUST-1 hasil sintesis menunjukkan kesesuaian puncak dengan pola difraksi standar CCDC 112954. Hasil refinement menunjukkan HKUST-1 yang diperoleh melalui metode solvo-hidrotermal memiliki kemurnian lebih tinggi. Analisis morfologi menggunakan citra SEM menunjukkan HKUST-1 yang disintesis secara solvo-hidrotermal bergeometri oktahedral sempurna dengan ukuran partikel rata-rata 10,28±1,5 μm, sedangkan HKUST-1 yang disintesis secara elektrokimia berbentuk oktahedral cacat (defect) dengan ukuran partikel rata-rata 4,5±1,6 μm. Analisis termal menunjukkan bahwa HKUST-1 hasil sintesis memiliki stabilitas hingga 300 °C. Uji katalitik dalam reaksi esterifikasi asam palmitat dengan etanol dengan keberadaan katalis HKUST-1 (0,6% berat) menunjukkan peningkatan konversi produk dengan konversi yang paling tinggi ditunjukkan pada HKUST-1 yang disintesis dengan metode elektrokimia (mencapai 43,3%).Effect of Solvo-Hydrothermal and Electrochemical Synthesis Methods on the Structural Morphology of HKUST-1 as a Heterogeneous Catalyst in Palmitic Acid Esterification Reaction. Selection of synthesis method will influence the materials properties including crystallinity, morphology, surface area, and application performance. In this research HKUST-1 was successfully synthesized under solvo-hydrothermal and electrochemical method, and tested as a heterogeneous catalyst in esterification reactions of palmitic acid. Synthesis under solvo-hydrothermal condition was performed in an autoclave at 120 °C for 12h. In addition, the electrochemical synthesis of HKUST-1 using copper electrodes was performed at 15 V in ambient temperature and pressure, for  90 minutes with TBATFB as an electrolyte. The catalytic test in palmitic acid esterification reaction was carried out by reflux for 2h. The HKUST-1 showed conformity with the standard diffraction pattern CCDC 112954. The refinement results shows that solvothermal product has higher purity. Morphological analysis using SEM imaging showed HKUST-1 obtained from solvo-hydrothermal method possess perfect octahedral geometry with average particle size 10.28±1.58 μm, meanwhile electrochemically-synthesized possess a defect octahedral geometry with average particle size  4.5±1.6 μm. Thermal analysis showed th","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90941096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fermentation Effect of Cacao Beans Originate from Jember on Polyphenol-Flavonoid Content and Radical Scavenging Activity","authors":"E. Agustriana, Herly Angga Valentino, N. Rahmani, Nuryati Nuryati, H. Firmanto, R. Rachmayati, Siti Eka Yulianti, I. Nuryana, Yopi Yopi, P. Lisdiyanti","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.19.1.60831.23-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.19.1.60831.23-31","url":null,"abstract":"Cacao is attractive for its flavor and taste and its beneficial effects. Therefore, this commodity is promising to be developed as a functional food. Many studies reported the bioactive compounds in cacao beans and their health benefits. However, to attain desirable flavor and taste, the curing process of cacao beans is a common practice, in which fermentation is one of the processes. Despite its significance, fermentation also alters the bioactive components in cacao beans. To develop a functional food rich in bioactive compounds, measuring the bioactive contents of treated and untreated cacao beans is desired. For that reason, in this study, the analysis of total polyphenol, flavonoid, catechin, and epicatechin, as well as the radical scavenging activity of fermented cacao beans, was performed. The study revealed that fermentation negatively affected all parameters. Cacao beans fermentation up to 96 h resulted in the loss of 54% of total polyphenol, 77% of total flavonoid, and 56% of radical scavenging activity. Determination of the flavan-3-ol components, catechin, and epicatechin,  revealed that they were reduced as the fermentation occurred.","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72695023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}