Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia最新文献

{"title":"Studi In Silico Aktivitas Senyawa Steroid Terhadap Antikanker Payudara Menggunakan Estrogen Alfa (ER-α)","authors":"Nurlelasari Nurlelasari, Almas Widyana, Euis Julaeha, Arip Hardianto, Desi Harneti Putri Huspa, Rani Maharani, Trisna Mayanti, Darwati Darwati, M. Hanafi, Unang Supratman","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.19.1.62384.44-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.19.1.62384.44-52","url":null,"abstract":"<p><span lang=\"IN\">Kanker payudara merupakan penyebab kedua terbanyak kematian pada wanita akibat kanker setelah kanker paru-paru di seluruh dunia. </span><span lang=\"IN\">Steroid merupakan kelompok senyawa aktif yang diantaranya berhasil diisolasi dari genus <em>Chisocheton</em> yang dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas melawan sel kanker payudara MCF-7. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui interaksi senyawa steroid terhadap estrogen alfa (ER-</span><span>α</span><span lang=\"IN\">) melalui metode <em>in silico</em>, yaitu penambatan molekul. Pemodelan struktur tiga dimensi (3D) senyawa steroid dilakukan dengan memperhatikan keadaan terprotonasinya pada pH 7,4. </span><span lang=\"IT\">Metode <em>in silico</em> divalidasi melalui penambatan ulang struktur kristal ER-</span><span>α</span><span lang=\"IT\">, hingga diperoleh </span><span lang=\"IT\">nilai RMSD < 2 Å, dengan program AutoDock 4.2.6. Dengan program yang sama, senyawa-senyawa steroid ditapis dengan metode penambatan molekul. Hasil penapisan menghasilkan nilai energi bebas dari kedua senyawa steroid yaitu -10,08 kkal/mol (7</span><span>α</span><span lang=\"IT\">-hidroksi-</span><span>β</span><span lang=\"IT\">-sitosterol) dan -10,75 kkal/mol (stigmast-5-en-3</span><span>β</span><span lang=\"IT\">-ol), yang nilainya lebih baik dari estradiol (-9,62 kkal/mol), sebagai ligan alami ER-</span><span>α</span><span lang=\"IT\">. Kedua senyawa ini berpotensi untuk menginhibisi estrogen alfa, dimana senyawa stigmast-5-en-3</span><span>β</span><span lang=\"IT\">-ol memiliki potensi yang lebih besar karena nilai energi bebasnya lebih rendah. Hal ini menandakan bahwa m</span><span>odifikasi struktur senyawa mampu mengubah nilai energi ikatan dan interaksi antara ligan dan reseptor.</span></p><p><span><strong><span lang=\"EN-US\">In Silico Study of Steroid Compound Activity Against Breast Cancer Using Estrogen Alpha (ER-α). </span></strong><span lang=\"EN-US\">Breast cancer is the second worldwide leading cause of cancer death in women after lung cancer. Steroids are a group of active compounds isolated from the <em>Chisocheton</em> genus that has activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. This study aimed to determine the interaction activity of steroid compounds against alpha estrogen receptor (ER-α) through in silico method specifically mlecular docking. The modeling of the three-dimensional structure (3D) of steroid compounds was performed by considering their protonation states at pH 7.4. The in silico method was validated by redocking the crystal structure of ER-α until obtaining an RMSD value < 2 Å, using the AutoDock 4.2.6 program. </span><span lang=\"EN-US\">Steroids compounds were screened with the same program namely the molecular docking method. Screening results show that the free energy values of the steroid compounds were -10.08 kcal/mol (7α-hydroxy-β-sitosterol) and -10.75 kcal/mol (stigmast-5-en-3β-ol), which are stronger than estradiol (-9.62 kcal/mol) as native ligand of ER-α. Both of these compounds c","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"84 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89334418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) terhadap Bakteri Patogen","authors":"Febrianti Febrianti, A. Widyasanti, Siti Nurhasanah","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.18.2.52508.234-241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.18.2.52508.234-241","url":null,"abstract":"Penyakit manusia dapat disebabkan oleh kontribusi bakteri yang menyebabkan infeksi. Penggunaan tanaman sebagai pengobatan tradisional memainkan peran penting dalam kesehatan karena dianggap sebagai salah satu sumber yang paling menjanjikan untuk penemuan agen antimikroba baru yang minim efek samping. Bunga telang mulai dilirik masyarakat Indonesia sebagai bunga dengan berbagai macam manfaat bagi kesehatan manusia salah satunya sebagai antibakteri, namun sayangnya belum diketahui seberapa jauh manfaat tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi kandungan senyawa dan studi antibakteri ekstrak bunga telang menggunakan beberapa pelarut bersama dengan penilaian kritis terhadap potensinya di masa depan. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan metode penelusuran literatur. Senyawa metabolit sekunder yang ditemukan pada ekstrak bunga telang seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, fenol, saponin dan tanin bertanggungjawab atas aktivitas antibakteri. Ekstrak bunga telang terbukti memberikan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap beberapa bakteri patogen penyebab konjungtivis, keracunan makanan, infeksi saluran kemih, infeksi kulit dan kerusakan gigi. Bakteri patogen seperti P. aeruginosa, E. coli, dan S. aureus berhasil dihambat pertumbuhannya dengan nilai Diameter Daya Hambat (DDH) 8 ‒ 26 mm. Aktivitas antibakteri yang dimilikinya dipengaruhi oleh pelarut yang digunakan, ekstrak metanol dengan konsentrasi 200 mg/mL memberikan aktivitas antibakteri yang paling kuat terhadap P. aeruginosa dengan nilai DDH 26 mm yang tergolong penghambatan kategori kuat. Hal ini membuktikan ekstrak bunga telang memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai antibakteri alami.Antibacterial Activity of Clitoria ternatea L. Extract against Pathogenic Bacteria. Human disease can be caused by bacteria that cause infections. The use of plants as traditional has played an important role in health because it is considered as one of the most promising sources for the discovery of new antimicrobial agents with minimal side effects. Recently, C. ternatea has attracted much attention for Indonesian people as a flower with various benefits for human health, one of which is as an antibacterial. However, how far these benefits are still being investigated. For this reason, this study aims to explore the compound content and antibacterial studies of C. ternatea extract using several solvents along with a critical assessment of its potential in the future. The research method used was the literature search method. Secondary metabolite compounds found in C. ternatea extracts, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, saponins, and tannins, are responsible for the antibacterial activity. C. ternatea extract has antibacterial activity against several pathogenic bacteria that cause conjunctivitis, food poisoning, urinary tract infections, skin infections, and tooth decay. Pathogenic bacteria such as P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and S. aureus were inhibited with an inhibition zone value of 8 ‒ 26 mm. Its antibacterial","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89226814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimasi Formula Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) Etil-p-metoksisinamat (EPMS)","authors":"N. Choironi, Beti Pudyastuti, Giri Gumelar, M. S. Fareza, Triyadi Hendra Wijaya, Joko Setyono","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.18.2.56847.205-213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.18.2.56847.205-213","url":null,"abstract":"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan formula Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) menggunakan zat aktif etil-p-metoksisinamat (EPMS). Formula SNEDDS terdiri dari cremophor RH 40 sebagai surfaktan, propilen glikol sebagai ko-surfaktan, Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) sebagai fase minyak dan EPMS sebagai zat aktif. Penentuan perbandingan surfaktan dan ko-surfaktan menggunakan metode Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) dengan software Design-Expert versi 13.0. Formula optimum SNEDDS EPMS memiliki komposisi EPMS 100 mg/mL, cremophor RH 40 53,6%, propilen glikol 26,4% dan VCO 20% sesuai dengan rekomendasi dari SLD menghasilkan SNEDDS dengan transmitan 95,43%, waktu emulsifikasi dalam aquadest 8,33 menit, ukuran partikel 30,16 nm, zeta potensial -61,03 mV dan indeks polidispersitas 0,160. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan formula SNEDDS 53,6% cremophor RH 40; 26,4% propilen glikol dan EPMS dapat meningkatkan nilai transmitan dan waktu emulsifikasi.Formula Optimization of the Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) of Ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC). This research aimed to optimize the Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) formula of the ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate (EPMS). The SNEDDS formula was prepared using cremophor RH 40 as a surfactant, propylene glycol as a co-surfactant, VCO as an oil phase, and EPMS as an active ingredient. Proportion surfactant and co-surfactant were determined using the simplex lattice design (SLD) method using the Design-Expert software version 13.0. The optimum formula of EPMC SNEDDS are EPMC cremophor RH 40, propylene glycol, VCO and EPMS was 100 mg/ml, 53.6%, 26.4%, and 20% based on SLD data. The formulation was a transmittance of 95.43%, an emulsification time of 8.33 minutes, a particle size of 30.16 nm, a zeta potential of -61.03 mV, and polydispersity index of 0.160. The result showed that the proportion of cremophor RH 40; 26,4% propylene glycol, and EPMC were able to increase the value of transmittance and emulsification time.","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87901882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pengaruh Perlakuan Awal Ampas Biji Jewawut (Setaria italica L.) dengan Microwave Irradiation Untuk Produksi Bioetanol","authors":"Sefrinus Maria Dolfi Kolo, N. Obenu, Natalia Tige Rohy","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.18.2.59819.183-192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.18.2.59819.183-192","url":null,"abstract":"Produksi energi terbarukan termasuk bioetanol menjadi alternatif penganti bahan bakar fosil. Salah satunya dari ampas jewawut karena memiliki kandungan selulosa sebesar 32,41% sehingga sangat potensial dan ekonomis sebagai sumber energi baru terbarukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui morfologi permukaan, suhu dan konsentrasi H2SO4 optimum pada proses hidrolisis menggunakan microwave dan kadar bioetanol dari hidrolisat ampas biji jewawut. Penelitian ini terdiri atas empat tahapan yaitu proses hidrolisis menggunakan microwave, fermentasi, distilasi dan pengujian kadar bioetanol baik secara kualitatif maupun kuantitatif menggunakan metode berat jenis dan kromatografi gas. Hidrolisis dilakukan melalui variasi suhu 75℃, 100℃, 125℃, 150℃, dan 175℃ dan konsentrasi H2SO4 0,5%, 1%, 2%, 5% dan 7%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa morfologi permukaan sampel sebelum hidrolisis memiliki permukaan yang datar, kasar dan kaku namun setelah dihidrolisis permukaan sampel menjadi rapuh dan halus. Analisa gula pereduksi menggunakan pereaksi DNS (Dinitrosalisilat) diperoleh suhu optimum microwave yaitu pada suhu 150℃ dengan kadar gula pereduksi sebesar 25,3 g/L dan konsentrasi H2SO4 optimum pada 5% dengan kadar gula pereduksi sebesar 32,8 g/L. Uji kualitatif dari hasil fermentasi dan distilasi menunjukkan pada sampel mengandung bioetanol yang ditandai dengan terjadinya perubahan warna kalium dikromat dari warna jingga menjadi hijau kebiruan. Kadar bioetanol yang diperoleh dengan metode berat jenis sebesar 5% dan 6,08% dari analisa dengan kromatografi gas.Pretreatment Effect of Barley Seed Dregs (Setaria italica L.) with Microwave Irradiation for Bioethanol Production. Renewable energy production, including bioethanol, is an alternative to fossil fuels. One of the alternative sources is barley dregs because it has a cellulose content of 32.41%; thus, it is very potential and economical as a new renewable energy source. This study aims to determine the surface morphology, temperature, and optimum H2SO4 concentration in the hydrolysis process using a microwave and the bioethanol content of the hydrolyzed barley seed dregs. The research comprised four steps: hydrolysis, fermentation, distillation, and qualitatively and quantitatively analysis of bioethanol levels using specific gravity and gas chromatography methods. Hydrolysis was carried out by varying the temperature of 75℃, 100℃, 125℃, 150℃, and 175℃, and the concentration of H2SO4 was 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5%, and 7%. The results showed that the surface morphology of the sample before hydrolysis had a flat, rough and rigid surface; however, after hydrolysis, the sample's surface became brittle and smooth. Analysis of reducing sugar using DNS reagent (dinitrosalicylate) obtained the optimum microwave temperature at 150℃ with a reducing sugar content of 25.3 g/L and an optimum concentration of H2SO4 at 5% with a reducing sugar content of 32.8 g/L. The qualitative test of the fermentation and distillation results shows ","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85866286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perbandingan Penggunaan Katalis Alam (Zeolit dan Bentonit) dalam Sintesis Biodiesel dari Minyak Goreng Komersil","authors":"N. T. Berghuis, Mutaqqin Mutaqqin, Farid Hidayat, Sugianto Sugianto, Harbi Pratama, Anggun Kirana, David Aji Rifaldi, A. Jesica, Paradigma Maulana, Afif Thufail","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.18.2.57616.174-182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.18.2.57616.174-182","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel merupakan suatu senyawa metil ester berantai panjang yang mengandung asam lemak yang diperoleh melalui reaksi transesterifikasi. Bahan bakar alternatif ini dapat disintesis dari minyak goreng komersial dengan bantuan katalis. Katalis basa sering digunakan dalam reaksi transesterifikasi pada sintesis biodiesel. Penggunaan katalis akan meningkatkan persentase dari produk biodiesel yang dihasilkan. Katalis berfasa solid atau padat menjadi pilihan yang tepat untuk memudahkan proses pemisahan produk akhir reaksi dengan katalis. Katalis fasa padat yang dapat digunakan adalah zeolit dan bentonit alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh kinerja katalis zeolit dan bentonit yang telah diaktivasi terhadap produksi biodiesel dengan bahan dasar minyak goreng komersial serta menentukan rendemen hasil sintesis biodiesel melalui penggunaan katalis alam. Aktivasi dengan KOH dapat meningkatkan aktivitas katalisis dengan memperbesar luas permukaan dari katalis alam (bentonit dan zeolit). Analisis FTIR dan XRD terhadap katalis alam, pemurnian, aktivasi dan recycle menunjukkan adanya perubahan struktur kristalin dari katalis yang digunakan. Rendemen hasil sintesis biodiesel melalui penggunaan katalis bentonit dan zeolit berturut-turut adalah 91,75% dan 86,05%. Berdasarkan data persen rendemen hasil sintesis biodiesel, maka penggunaan katalis bentonit lebih baik di bandingkan dengan katalis zeolit. Analisis spektrum FTIR dari sintesis biodiesel yang berasal dari minyak jelantah menunjukkan hilangnya gugus OH yang memastikan bahwa reaksi transesterifikasi terjadi. Kualitas biodiesel yang dihasilkan memenuhi persyaratan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 04-7182-2006. Massa jenis biodiesel yang diproduksi menggunakan zeolit dan bentonit sebesar 868,54 kg/m3 dan 863,50 kg/m3. Sementara itu, viskositas biodiesel yang dihasilkan menggunakan zeolit dan bentonit berturut-turut sebesar 2,92 mm2/s dan 2,58 mm2/s.Comparison of Using Natural Catalysts (Zeolite and Bentonite) in Biodiesel Synthesis from Commercial Cooking Oil. Biodiesel is a long-chain methyl ester compound that contains fatty acids obtained through a transesterification reaction. This alternative fuel can be synthesized from commercial cooking oil with the help of a catalyst. Base catalysts are often used in transesterification reactions in biodiesel synthesis. Using a catalyst will increase the percentage of the biodiesel product produced. Solid or solid-phase catalysts are the right choice to facilitate separating the final reaction product from a catalyst. Solid-phase catalysts that can be used are zeolite and natural bentonite. This study aims to determine the effect of activated zeolite and bentonite catalysts on biodiesel production using commercial cooking oil as a base material and determine biodiesel synthesis yield using natural catalysts. The catalyst activation with KOH can increase catalytic activity by increasing the surface area of natural catalysts. FTIR and XRD analysis o","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76646198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profil Senyawa Kimia Minyak Atsiri Sereh Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus L.) Hasil Hidrodistilasi dengan Optimasi Perlakuan Awal Sonikasi","authors":"Dede Sukandar, Anny Sulaswatty, Imam Hamidi","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.18.2.60007.221-233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.18.2.60007.221-233","url":null,"abstract":"Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai profil senyawa kimia minyak atsiri sereh wangi (Cymbopogon nardus L.) hasil hidrodistilasi dengan optimasi perlakuan awal sonikasi, yang bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan awal sonikasi terhadap karakteristik dan profil kimia minyak atsiri sereh wangi. Proses perlakuan awal sonikasi dilakukan menggunakan tiga jenis variabel yang berbeda, yaitu waktu sonikasi, solvent feedstock (SF) ratio, dan amplitudo. Hidrodistilasi minyak atsiri sereh wangi dilakukan pada temperatur 116 ‒ 120 ℃ dan waktu distilasi 8 jam. Minyak sereh wangi hasil hidrodistilasi dilakukan uji indeks bias dengan refraktometer, berat jenis dengan piknometer, kelarutan dalam etanol 80% dan ditentukan profil kimianya menggunakan GC-MS. Minyak sereh wangi yang dihasilkan berat jenis 0,9136 g/mL, indeks bias 1,472 ‒ 1,474 dan larut dalam etanol 80%, yang sesuai dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 06-3593-1995. Rendemen minyak atsiri sereh wangi tertinggi 1,62% diperoleh pada waktu sonikasi 60 menit, SF Ratio 20:1(mL/g), dan amplitudo 90%. Perlakuan awal sonikasi telah mempersingkat waktu proses hidrodistilasi 47,54%. Berdasarkan hasil analisa GC-MS komponen kimia utama minyak atsiri sereh wangi yaitu Citronella (13,67%), Citronellol (21,18%), dan Geraniol (21,32%).Chemical Compound Profile of Citronella Essential Oil (Cymbopogon nardus L.) as Hydrodistillation Result with Optimization of Sonication Pretreatment. The research optimization of hydrodistillation using ultrasonic pretreatment of Citronella oil (Cymbopogon nardus L.) has been carried out, which aims to determine the effect of pretreatment of sonication on the characteristics of citronella essential oils. The sonication pretreatment process was done using three different types of variables, including the sonication time variable, SF Ratio, and amplitude. Hydrodistillation was performed at a temperature of 116 ‒ 120 ℃ and a processing time of 8 hours. Citronella oil was characterized by analyzing the results of the refractive index with refractometer, specific gravity with pycnometer, solubility in ethanol 80%, and their chemical components determined by GC-MS. Citronella oil produced has a specific gravity of 0.9136 g/mL, soluble in ethanol 80%, and the refractive index value of 1.472 to 1.474, which are in accordance with Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 06-3593-1995. The highest yield of citronella oil of 1.62% in this study was obtained at a sonication time of 60 minutes, SF ratio of 20:1, and amplitude of 90%. The ultrasonic treatment can shorten the processing time by 47.54%. Based on GC-MS analysis, the major components in citronella essential oil are Citronella (13.67%), Citronellol (21.18%), and Geraniol (21.32%).","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"172 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86749133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sintesis Material Katoda LiNi0,8Mn0,1Co0,1O2 (NMC811) dengan Metode Solid State Menggunakan Nikel Hasil Perolehan Kembali dari Spent Nickel Catalyst","authors":"Hendri Widiyandari, Rizqia Afifatu Latifah, Arif Jumari, Cornelius Satria Yudha, Shofirul Sholikhatun Nisa","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.18.2.63035.214-220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.18.2.63035.214-220","url":null,"abstract":"Penelitian mengenai sintesis material katoda LiNi0,8Mn0,1Co0,1O2 (NMC811) menggunakan nikel hasil perolehan kembali dari spent nickel catalyst telah berhasil dilakukan menggunakan metode solid state dengan variasi perbandingan padatan spent nickel catalyst/larutan (padatan/larutan) yang digunakan untuk leaching spent nickel catalyst sebesar (20 g/L, 30 g/L, dan 40 g/L). Proses leaching dilakukan menggunakan asam laktat 2 M selama 3 jam dengan suhu 80 ℃. Hasil dari proses ini adalah filtrat nikel laktat dengan endapan sebanyak 1,50 gram, 6,10 gram, dan 9,26 gram. Dalam filtrat tersebut terdapat ikatan hidroksida dan ikatan asam karboksilat. Material katoda NMC811 yang terbentuk memiliki enam puncak difraksi. Puncak difraksi X-ray tertinggi terdapat pada 2 theta 15° ‒ 20° dan 44°. Morfologi permukaan dari material katoda NMC811 menunjukkan terbentuknya partikel yang irregular dengan ukuran yang tidak seragam. Komposisi material katoda menunjukkan bahwa katoda NMC811 berhasil diperoleh dengan kandungan nikel sebanyak 73% ‒ 79%, mangan sebanyak 9% ‒ 13% dan kobalt sebanyak 10% ‒ 13%. Baterai lithium-ion yang dibuat menggunakan katoda NMC811 tersebut memiliki kapasitas masing-masing dengan variasi 20g/L sebesar 15,09 mAh/g, 30 g/L sebesar 28,42 mAh/g dan 40 g/L sebesar 25,57 mAh/g. Synthesis of LiNi0,8Mn0,1Co0,1O2 (NMC811) Cathode Material by Solid State Method Using Nickel Recovered from Spent Nickel Catalyst. Research on the synthesis of NMC811 cathode using nickel recovered from spent nickel catalyst was successfully carried out using the solid-state method with various ratios of solids spent nickel catalyst/solution used for leaching spent nickel catalyst (20 g/L, 30 g/L, and 40 g/L). The leaching process was carried out using 2 M lactic acid for 3 hours at a temperature of 80℃. The result of this process is lactic nickel filtrate with a precipitate of 1.50 grams, 6.10 grams, and 9.26 grams. There are hydroxide bonds and carboxylic bonds in the filtrate. The NMC811 cathode material formed has six diffraction peaks. The highest X-ray diffraction peak is at 2-theta of 15° ‒ 20° and 2-theta of 44°. The surface morphology of the NMC811 cathode material shows the formation of several lumps of non-uniform size. The composition of the cathode material shows that the NMC811 cathode has a nickel content of 73% ‒ 79%, manganese of 9% ‒ 13%, and cobalt of 10% ‒ 13%. The lithium-ion battery made using the NMC811 cathode has a capacity of 20g/L at 15.09 mAh/g, 30 g/L at 28.42 mAh/g, and 40 g/L at 25.57 mAh/g.","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88480851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modifikasi Membran Polyethersulfone dengan Penambahan Nanopartikel Mg(OH)2 dalam Pelarut Dimethyl Sulfoxide","authors":"Umi Fathanah, Fachrul Razi, M. Lubis, Mukramah Yusuf, Y. Syamsuddin, H. Meilina, Syawaliah Muchtar, Suraiya Kamaruzzaman, Aula Khairunnisa","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.18.2.58248.165-173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.18.2.58248.165-173","url":null,"abstract":"Membran Polyethersulfone (PES) bersifat hidrofobik yang memiliki ketahanan rendah terhadap sifat fouling. Fouling pada membran mengakibatkan penurunan kinerja membrane selama proses operasi. Oleh karena itu, modifikasi membran perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan sifat hidrofilik membrane. Pada penelitian ini modifikasi dilakukan dengan penambahan nanopartikel Mg(OH)2 yang bersifat tidak beracun, murah, dan mudah diperoleh. Penambahan aditif nanopartikel Mg(OH)2 pada membran PES dilakukan dengan cara pencampuran polimer dengan metode non solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) menggunakan pelarut dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). DMSO merupakan pelarut polar aprotik yang dapat melarutkan senyawa organik maupun anorganik dengan baik. DMSO juga merupakan pelarut yang tidak beracun, sehingga lebih aman dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan membran PES hidrofilik dengan penambahan nanopartikel Mg(OH)2 dengan unjuk kerja terbaik. Pengaruh penambahan nanopartikel Mg(OH)2  dalam sistem membran dievaluasi dengan menganalisis perubahan struktur kimia PES menggunakan ATR-FTIR, perubahan morfologi menggunakan SEM, porositas menggunakan metoda gravimetri, serta pengujian kinerja (permeabilitas dan rejeksi) membran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan nanopartikel Mg(OH)2, mengakibatkan perubahan pada struktur atau morfologi membrane PES, yang berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan permeabilitas membran. Penambahan nanopartikel Mg(OH)2 juga meningkatkan porositas membran dari 12% ‒ 40%. Kehadiran gugus hidroksil (-OH) dalam matriks membran dikonfirmasi dengan uji FTIR. Kinerja membran optimum diperoleh pada nilai permeabilitas air sebesar 56,4 L/m2.jam.bar, dengan rejeksi asam humus sebesar 61%.Modification of Polyethersulfone Membrane with the Addition of Mg(OH)2 Nanoparticles in Dimethyl Sulfoxide Solvent. Polyethersulfone (PES) membrane has hydrophobic characteristics and low resistance to fouling properties. The fouling on the membrane results in a decrease in the performance of the membrane during the operation process. Therefore, membrane modification needs to be done to increase the hydrophilic properties of the membrane. In this study, modifications were made by adding Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles which are non-toxic, inexpensive, and easy to obtain. The addition of Mg(OH)2 nanoparticle additives to PES membranes was carried out by blending polymers with the non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as solvent. DMSO is an aprotic polar solvent that can dissolve both organic and inorganic compounds well. DMSO is also a non-toxic solvent, making it safer and more environmentally friendly. This study aims to produce a hydrophilic PES membrane with the addition of Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles with the best performance. The effect of adding Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles in the membrane system was evaluated by analyzing changes in the chemical structure of PES using ATR-FTIR, morphological changes using SEM, porosit","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88528230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analisis Profil HPLC-PDA Berkombinasi dengan LC-ESI-MS dan Aktivitas Biologi dari Ekstrak Jamur Endofit, Penicillium simplicissimum, yang Diisolasi dari Rimpang Jahe Merah","authors":"Rini Muharini, Ersando Ersando, Yeni Triana, Maharani Nukila, Rahmad Ulwan, M. Masriani, Peter Proksch","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.18.2.56860.158-164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.18.2.56860.158-164","url":null,"abstract":"Rimpang jahe merah digunakan sebagai tumbuhan obat tradisional dan diketahui mengandung senyawa-senyawa berkhasiat. Dekade ini eksplorasi mikroorganisme yang bersimbiosis dengan tumbuhan obat mendapat perhatian besar guna mencari alternatif sumber senyawa berkhasiat obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh informasi profil kimia ekstrak Penicillium simplicissimum, jamur endofit yang diisolasi dari rhizoma jahe merah, menentukan daya hambatnya terhadap bakteri Staphyloccocus aureus dan Escherichia coli, dan mengevaluasi aktivitas sitotoksiknya terhadap sel limfoma tikus L-5178Y, sel kanker payudara (T47D dan 4T1) dan sel kanker usus (WiDr). Skrining fitokimia melalui teknik KLT dan pereaksi spesifik memperlihatkan adanya golongan senyawa alkaloid, triterpenoid, dan sterol pada ekstrak. Analisa data high-performance liquid chromatography dengan detektor photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) yang dikombinasikan dengan data LC-ESI-MS serta perbandingan data literatur memberikan dugaan bahwa salah satu komponen senyawa utama adalah citreonigrin F, yang diisolasi sebelumnya dari P. citreonigrin. Evaluasi aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak P. simplicissimum tidak memiliki daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan kedua bakteri uji. Akan tetapi, ekstrak P. simplicissimum memberikan penghambatan yang lemah terhadap sel limfoma tikus L-5178Y pada konsentrasi 10 μg/mL dan aktivitas sitotoksik yang moderat terhadap sel kanker payudara dan sel kanker usus dengan IC50 >100 μg/mL. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa jamur endofit P. simplicissimum yang diisolasi dari jahe merah ini memiliki potensi untuk dieksplorasi lebih lanjut guna memperoleh senyawa berkhasiat obat.  Profiling Analysis of HPLC-PDA Combined with LC-ESI-MS and Biological Activity of an Endophytic Fungi P. Simplicissimum Extract Isolated from Red Ginger Rhizome. Red ginger rhizome has been used traditionally as a medicinal plant, and its active principal constituents have been known. In the recent decade, the exploration of endophytes in medicinal plants received huge interest in finding new bioactive compound sources. This research aims to obtain the chemical profile of an endophytic fungi P. simplicissimum extract isolated from Red ginger rhizome. This study also further evaluates its antibacterial activity against Staphyloccocus aureus and Escherichia coli and its cytotoxicity against L-5178, 4T1, T47D, and WiDr cell lines. The phytochemical screening of the extract using the TLC technique and specific reagents shows the existence of alkaloids, triterpenoids, and sterol. The further analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA) and LC-MS/MS data, as well as literature comparison, indicated that one of the major compounds was citreonigrin F, which isolated previously from P. citreonigrin. The evaluation of antibacterial activity showed that P. simplicissimum extract did not inhibit the growth of both bacteria tested. However, P. simplicissimum extract sh","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85220262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pengaruh Fly Ash sebagai Katalis pada Proses Pirolisis Pelet Sekam Padi terhadap Karakteristik Termal dan Produksi Synthetic Gas (Syngas)","authors":"J. Waluyo, Rizky Ridlo Ichlasul Amal, Abdul Aziz Yudistira, Handhianto Mustofa, M. L. Maulana","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.18.2.55193.148-157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.18.2.55193.148-157","url":null,"abstract":"Ketersediaan bahan bakar sebagai energi semakin menurun, sehingga dibutuhkan suatu energi alternatif dalam upaya menunjang ketersediaan energi, salah satunya melalui pemanfaatan proses pirolisis biomassa. Proses katalitik pirolisis biomassa menjadi pilihan baru karena dapat menurunkan input energi, konsumsi waktu serta meningkatkan kualitas produksi syngas dibandingkan dengan non-katalitik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan analisa karakteristik termal dan analisis yield syngas dalam penambahan fly ash sebagai katalis dalam proses pirolisis sekam padi. Penggunaan fly ash sebagai katalis menjadi salah satu alternatif dalam pemakaian katalis murah. Sampel biomassa sekam padi dihaluskan terlebih dahulu lalu dilakukan penyaringan hingga ukuran -140+200 mesh (0,074 – 0,105 mm). Fly ash yang merupakan limbah hasil pembakaran batubara diperoleh dari industri pembangkit listrik juga disaring dengan ukuran yang sama. Kemudian fly ash dan sekam padi dicampurkan untuk dibentuk pelet dengan variasi sampel penambahan fly ash 5% (FARH5), 10% (FARH10), 20% (FARH20) dari massa sekam padi. Pelet yang dihasilkan berukuran diameter 5 mm dan panjang 13 ‒ 15 mm. Proses pirolisis dilakukan dalam laju pemanasan 10 °Cmin-1 hingga mencapai suhu 600 °C menggunakan alat makro-TGA dengan gas nitrogen sebagai gas pembawa. Hasil syngas dari proses pirolisis ditampung dalam gas bag untuk dianalisis menggunakan GC. Pengolahan data hasil pirolisis dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik termal melalui metode DTG (Differential Thermogravimetric). Hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa penambahan katalis fly ash optimal pada variabel FARH20 dapat meningkatkan laju konversi maksimum 0,00893 K-1 pada suhu operasi reaksi yang lebih rendah 567,11 K dan peningkatan yield syngas pada variabel FARH10 sebesar 47,04%.The Effect of Fly Ash as a Catalyst on Pyrolysis Process of Rice Husk Pellets on Thermal Characteristics and Synthetic Gas (Syngas) Production. Utilization of the biomass pyrolysis process is one of the efforts to support alternative energy development to overcome the current declining availability of fuel. The catalytic pyrolysis of biomass is a new strategy to reduce energy input and time consumption, and improve syngas quality compared to non-catalytic. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of fly ash as a catalyst in the process of rice husk pyrolysis as a low-cost catalyst for thermal properties and syngas yield. The rice husk biomass sample was milled and sieved to -140+200 mesh (0,074 – 0,105 mm). Fly ash, a byproduct of coal combustion obtained from the power generation industry, was sieved to the same size as well. The fly ash and rice husks were then combined to form pellets, with variations of 5% (FARH5), 10% (FARH10), and 20% (FARH20) fly ash provided to the mass of rice husks. The formed pellets have a diameter of 5 mm and a length of 1315 mm. Using a macro-TGA device and nitrogen gas as the carrier gas, the pyrolysis process was carried ou","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77125281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}