Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia最新文献

{"title":"Studi In Silico Senyawa 1,4-Naphthalenedione-2-Ethyl-3-Hydroxy sebagai Antiinflamasi dan Antikanker Payudara","authors":"Richa Mardianingrum, Kamiel Roesman Bachtiar, Susanti Susanti, Aas Nuraisah Aas Nuraisah, Ruswanto Ruswanto","doi":"10.20961/ALCHEMY.17.1.43979.83-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/ALCHEMY.17.1.43979.83-95","url":null,"abstract":"Inflamasi merupakan suatu respon dari tubuh terhadap adanya cedera maupun infeksi yang ditandai dengan timbulnya kemerahan, demam, bengkak, nyeri dan hilangnya fungsi. Inflamasi berkontribusi terhadap ketidakseimbangan sekresi sitokin yang akan menghambat terjadinya apoptosis pada sel kanker sehingga menyebabkan hiperproliferasi sel. Kanker payudara merupakan salah satu penyakit kanker dengan prevalensi tertinggi di urutan ke dua di dunia. Penelitian terdahulu melaporkan pemberian minyak atsiri rimpang bangle (Zingiber purpureum Roxb.) secara topikal mampu memberikan penghambatan inflamasi yang lebih tinggi daripada triamcinolone, namun spesifik senyawa yang berpotensinya belum diketahui. Tujuan dari penelitian ini, yakni mencari senyawa aktif hasil analisis GCMS minyak atsiri rimpang bangle yang berpotensi sebagai antiinflamasi dan antikanker payudara secara in silico. Metode yang digunakan berupa screening Lipinski’s rule of Five, farmakokinetika dan toksisitas senyawa hasil analisis GC-MS, serta penambatan molekul dan dinamika molekular. Hasil screening dan simulasi penambatan molekul menunjukkan bahwa senyawa 1,4-naphthalenedione-2-ethyl-3-hydroxy dapat berikatan dengan reseptor COX-1 (antiinflamasi), dan hERα (antikanker payudara), namun lebih selektif terhadap reseptor COX-1 dengan nilai energi bebas (ΔG) yang lebih kecil yakni sebesar -7,20 kkal/mol, dibandingkan dengan interaksinya terhadap reseptor Erα yang bernilai -6,00 kkal/mol. Hasil simulasi dinamika molekular menggunakan metode kalkulasi MM-GBSA menunjukkan bahwa kompleks (1,4-naphthalenedione-2-ethyl-3-hydroxy)-(COX-1) memiliki nilai ∆GTOTAL sebesar -24,22 kkal/mol. Nilai ini lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan ∆GTOTAL kompleks (1,4-naphthalenedione-2-ethyl-3-hydroxy)-(hErα) sebesar -8,92 kkal/mol). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat afinitas 1,4-naphthalenedione-2-ethyl-3-hydroxy terhadap COX-1 diprediksi lebih baik dan lebih poten sebagai antiinflamasi dibandingkan sebagai antikanker payudara.In Silico Study of 1,4-Naphthalenedione-2-Ethyl-3-Hydroxy Compounds as Anti-inflamation dan Breast Anticancer. Inflammation is a response from the body to injury or infection which is characterized by redness, fever, swelling, pain, and loss of function. Inflammation contributes to the imbalance of cytokine secretion which will inhibit apoptosis in cancer cells, causing cell hyperproliferation. Breast cancer is one of the cancer diseases with the second-highest prevalence in the world. The pioneering works reported that topical application of Bangle (Zingiber purpureum R) was able to provide a higher inhibition of inflammation than triamcinolone, however, the specific potential of the compound was unknown. The purpose of this study is to find active compounds that have the potential to be anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer in the breast using in silico approach. The methods used are screening Lipinski’s Rule of Five, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of compounds from GC-MS analysis and molecular doc","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"188 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86820878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Nanokalsium Oksida dari Cangkang Telur","authors":"S. Sunardi, Erlynda Desy Krismawati, A. Mahayana","doi":"10.20961/ALCHEMY.16.2.40527.250-259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/ALCHEMY.16.2.40527.250-259","url":null,"abstract":"Pencegahan osteoporosis dilakukan dengan mengkonsumsi kalsium. Pada umumnya kalsium yang dikonsumsi dalam bentuk mikro kalsium. Ukuran mikro kalsium hanya diserap tubuh sekitar 50%, sehingga sering menyebabkan defisiensi. Sehingga, teknologi untuk membuat ukuran nanokalsium telah dikembangkan agar penyerapan kalsium dalam tubuh lebih besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis nanokalsium dari cangkang telur yang merupakan limbah industri roti. Sintesis nanokalsium oksida dari cangkang telur dengan metode presipitasi. Sintesis dilakukan dengan mereaksikan cangkang telur yang telah bersih dan kering dengan HCl 2 N. Hasil reaksi dipisahkan dengan penyaringan sehingga diperoleh filtrat. Filtrat yang diperoleh direaksikan dengan NaOH sampai pengendapan tidak terbentuk lagi. Endapan yang diperoleh kemudian dipisahkan, dioven, dan dibakar dalam tanur pada suhu 600 °C selama 1 jam. Serbuk hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi menggunakan SEM-EDX, XRD dan FTIR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cangkang telur dapat disintesis menjadi nanokalsium oksida berupa kristal berwarna putih. Karakterisasi menggunakan SEM-EDX diperoleh hasil bahwa nanokalsium oksida dari cangkang telur berbentuk speris, teraglomerasi dengan ukuran partikel 12,41582 ± 0,13961 nm, mengandung unsur yaitu O (55,83%), C (33,24%), dan Ca (10,94%). Karakterisasi dengan XRD menunjukkan bahwa ukuran kristal nanokalsium oksida diperoleh hasil sebesar 10,46 nm. Karakterisasi dengan FTIR diperoleh puncak pada bilangan gelombang 1477,54 cm-1, 1053,15 cm-1, 8863,68 cm-1 dan ikatan Ca-O pada bilangan gelombang 512 cm-1.Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Calcium Oxide from Eggshells. Consumption of calcium can prevent osteoporosis. Usually, calcium is consumed in the form of micro calcium. The micro size calcium is only absorbed by the body at around 50%, causing calcium deficiency. Therefore, technology to produce nano-size calcium has been developed to increase the amount of adsorption. This study aims to synthesize nano calcium from eggshells as a solid waste of bread industries. The synthesis was conducted by precipitation method. The synthesis was carried out by reacting clean and dry eggshells with HCl 2 N, and then followed by filtering to obtain the filtrate. The filtrate obtained was reacted with NaOH until the calcium was precipitated. The precipitate obtained was then separated, roasted, and burned in a furnace at 600 °C for 1 hour. The synthesized powders were characterized using SEM-EDX, XRD, and FTIR. The results showed that eggshells could be synthesized into nano-calcium oxide in the form of white crystals. Characterization using SEM-EDX showed that nano-calcium oxide from spherical eggshells, agglomerated with the particle size of 12.41582 ± 0.13961 nm, with elemental content of O (55.83%), C (33.24%), and Ca (10.94%). Characterization with XRD shows that the size of nano calcium oxide crystals was 10.46 nm. Characterization with FTIR shows peak at wavenumbers 1477.54 cm-1, 1","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82121639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pengukuran Total Fenolik, Flavonoid, Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antidiabetes Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Katemas (Euphorbia heterophylla, L.) Secara In Vitro dan In Silico Melalui Inhibisi Enzim α-Glukosidase","authors":"R. Hilma, Netti Gustina, Jufrizal Syahri","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.16.2.40087.240-249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.16.2.40087.240-249","url":null,"abstract":"Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dan antidiabetes ekstrak etil asetat daun katemas (Euphorbia heterophylla L.) secara in vitro dan in silico melalui inhibisi terhadap enzim α-glukosidase. Pada penelitian ini ekstraksi sampel dilakukan menggunakan maserasi bertingkat, dimulai dengan n-heksana, selanjutnya dengan etil asetat. Ekstrak etil asetat yang didapatkan dilakukan pengujian kuantitiatif total fenolik dan flavonoid. Uji aktivitas antioksidan terhadap ekstrak dilakukan menggunakan metode DPPH. Uji aktivitas antidiabetes terhadap ekstrak dilakukan secara in vitro dan in silico melalui inhibisi terhadap enzim α-glukosidase menggunakan akarbose sebagai standar. Uji aktivitas antidiabetes terhadap kandungan senyawa bioaktif ekstrak secara in silico atau molecular docking menggunakan software Discovery Studio 4.1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai total fenolik dari ekstrak adalah 4,24 mg GAE/g berat kering dan nilai flavonoid total adalah: 3,22 mg KE/g berat kering. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak didapatkan nilai IC50 sebesar 37,56 µg/mL, digolongkan sebagai aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat. Hasil uji aktivitas antidiabetes secara in vitro didapatkan nilai IC50 sebesar 138,63 µg/mL. Hasil molecular docking memperlihatkan bahwa senyawasenyawa aktif yang terdapat didalam ekstrak mampu membentuk ikatan hidrogen antara ligan dengan reseptor, tapi lebih sedikit jika dibandingkan dengan akarbose. Measurement of Total Phenolic, Flavonoids, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of Catemas Leaf Ethyl Acetate Extract (Euphorbia heterophylla L.) by In Vitro and In Silico through Enzim α-Glucosidase Inhibition. This study aims to determine the antidiabetic activity of katemas (Euphorbia heterophylla L.) ethyl acetate extract in vitro and in silico through inhibition of the αglucosidase enzyme. In this study, the sample extraction was carried out by multilevel maceration, starting with n-hexane, then with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate extract obtained was quantitatively tested by total phenolic and flavonoids. The antioxidant activity of the extract was tested using the DPPH method. The antidiabetic activity of the extract was examined through inhibiting the enzyme αglucosidase in vitro using a microplate reader and in silico (molecular docking) using Discovery Studio 4.1 software. The results showed that the total phenolic value of the extract was 4.24 mg GAE/g of dry weight, and the total flavonoid value was 3.22 mg KE/g of dry weight. Antioxidant activity test obtained IC50 of 37,56 µg/mL, classified as verry strong antioxidant. The in vitro antidiabetic test examined that IC50 is 138.63 µg/mL. The results of molecular docking showed that the active compounds in the extracts are able to form hydrogen bonds between ligand and receptor; however, the amount was less than the hydrogen bonds formed by acarbose.","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"7 1","pages":"240-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79670646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pengaruh Konsentrasi Natrium Silikat Terhadap Laju Korosi Paduan Aluminium dalam Lingkungan Natrium Klorida 3,5%","authors":"Rukiah Rukiah, Diding Mandala Putra, Solihudin Solihudin, Y. Hartati, A. R. Noviyanti","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.16.2.40927.218-226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.16.2.40927.218-226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-16dbe470-7fff-c41c-0744-77bf71d25737\"><span>Korosi merupakan proses penurunan kualitas logam akibat reaksi logam dengan lingkungannya. Air laut merupakan salah satu sistem yang korosif karena tingginya kadar ion klorida. Ion silikat dengan konsentrasi optimum mampu memperlambat laju korosi pada logam, seperti aluminium. Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh ion silikat dalam larutan natrium klorida 3,5% terhadap laju korosi aluminium yang diuji dengan metode potensiostat dan dihitung dengan Ekstrapolasi Tafel. Pengaruh konsentrasi ion silikat terhadap laju korosi diamati pada variasi konsentrasinya yaitu 0, 25, 50, 75, dan 100 mM. Konsentrasi optimum natrium silikat untuk menurunkan laju korosi adalah 25 mM,  laju korosi turun dari 0,0118 menjadi 0,0084 mm/tahun. Sebaliknya, penambahan konsentrasi natrium silikat hingga 100 mM,  dapat meningkatkan laju korosi menjadi 0,101 mm/tahun.</span></span></p><p><span><span><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-17392559-7fff-0660-df12-7a65eee22bac\"><span><strong>The Effect of Sodium Silicate Concentration on the Corrosion Rate of Aluminum Alloy in Sodium Chloride 3.5%.</strong> </span><span>Corrosion is a process of decreasing the quality of metals due to the reaction of metals with their environment. Seawater is one of the corrosive systems because of the high levels of chloride ions. Silicate ions with optimum concentrations can slow the rate of corrosion in metals, such as aluminum. This research examines the effect of silicate ions on the aluminum corrosion rate in a solution of sodium chloride 3.5%, tested by the potentiostat method and calculated by Tafel extrapolation. The effect of silicate ion concentration on the corrosion rate was observed in various concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM. The optimum concentration of sodium silicate in reducing the corrosion rate is 25 mM, in which the corrosion rate drops from 0.0118 to 0.0084 mm/year. Conversely, increasing the concentration of sodium silicate to 100 mM increased the corrosion rate to 0.101 mm/year.</span></span></span></span></p>","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79388792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pengukuran Total Fenolik, Flavonoid Dan Aktivitas Antidiabetes Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Katemas (Euphorbia Heterophylla, L.) Secara In Vitro Dan In Silico Melalui Inhibisi Enzim Α-Glukosidase","authors":"R. Hilma, Netti Gustina, Jufrizal Syahri","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.16.2.40087.89-98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.16.2.40087.89-98","url":null,"abstract":"Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antidiabetes ekstrak etil asetat daun Katemas (Euphorbia heterophylla, L.) secara in vitro dan in silico melalui inhibisi terhadap enzim α-glukosidase.Pada penelitian ini ekstraksi sampel dilakukan menggunakan maserasi bertingkat, dimulai dengan n-heksan, selanjutnya dengan etil asetat.Ekstrak etil asetat yang didapatkan dilakukan pengujiankuantitiatif total fenolik dan flavonoid. Terhadap ekstrak dilakukan uji aktivitas aktivitas antidiabetes melalui inhibisi terhadap enzim α-glukosidasesecara in vitro menggunakan microplate reader danin silico menggunakan molecular docking menggunakan software Discovery Studio 4.1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai total fenolik dari ekstrak adalah 4,24 mg K/g berat keringdan nilai flavonoid total adalah: 3,22 mg K/g berat kering. Hasil uji aktivitas antidiabetes secara in vitro didapatkan nilai IC50 sebesar 138,63 µg/mL. Hasil molecular docking memperlihatkan bahwa senyawa-senyawa aktif yang terdapat didalam ekstrak mampu membentuk ikatan hidrogen antara ligan dengan reseptor, tapi lebih sedikit jika dibandingkan dengan akarbose. ","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90782029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pengaruh Suhu Kalsinasi terhadap Karakteristik Komposit Forsterit-Karbon Tersintesis dalam Medium Gas Argon","authors":"Solihudin Solihudin, H. Haryono, A. R. Noviyanti, Muhammad Ridwansyah","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.16.2.34845.163-170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.16.2.34845.163-170","url":null,"abstract":"Komposit forsterit-karbon merupakan salah satu material modifikasi dari forsterit yang berpotensi memiliki sifat isolator panas baik. Karbon dalam komposit dapat mengisi cacat titik pada kristal forsterit. Arang sekam padi (residu gasifikasi) mengandung SiO2 amorf dan karbon yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan pengaruh suhu kalsinasi dalam medium gas inert (dengan pengaliran gas argon) terhadap karakteristik komposit forsterit-karbon dari arang sekam padi dan magnesium karbonat. Metode penelitian meliputi preparasi arang sekam padi hasil gasifikasi, dan sintesis forsterit-karbon. Proses sintesis komposit forsterit karbon dilakukan dengan cara mencampurkan arang sekam padi dengan kalium karbonat pada rasio mol magmesium terhadap silikon sebesar 2 : 1 kemudian dikalsinasi dengan suhu divariasikan (700, 800, 900, dan 1000 oC). Selanjutnya sampel hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi dengan Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dan scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Hasil karakterisasi dengan FTIR dan XRD diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa forsterit mulai terbentuk pada suhu kalisiasi 800 oC dan sempurna pada suhu 1000 oC, karenanya komposit yang terbentuk pada 1000 oC dimungkinkan sebagai forsterit-karbon, di mana unsur-unsur yang terkandung ditunjukkan oleh SEM-EDS. The Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Characteristics of Forsterite-Carbon Composites Synthesized in Argon Gas Medium. Forsterite-carbon composite is one of the material modifications of forsterite, which potentially has a good heat insulation property. Carbon in composites can fill point defects in forsterite crystals. Rice husk charcoal, as gasification residues, contains high amorphous SiO2 and carbon. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature on the calcination of a mixture of rice husk charcoal and magnesium carbonate under an inert gas (argon gas) on the characteristics of the forsterite-carbon composite produced. The experimental research performed includes the preparation of gasified rice husk charcoal and the synthesis of the carbon-forsterite composite. The synthesis process of the carbon-forsterite composites was carried out by mixing rice husk charcoal with potassium carbonate at a mole ratio of magnesium to silicon of 2 : 1. The mixture was then calcined with varying temperatures (700, 800, 900, and 1000 °C). Furthermore, the synthesized sample was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The FTIR and XRD analysis show that the forsterites began to form at a calcination temperature of 800 °C and perfectly formed at a temperature of 1000 °C; therefore, the composite formed at 1000 °C is possible as forsterite-carbon, in which the contained elements were indicated by SEM-EDS.","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91222329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery Emas dalam Sistem Au tunggal dan Sistem Multilogam (Au/Cu) Menggunakan Adsorben Asam Askorbat Termodifikasi Magnetit","authors":"Maya Rahmayanti","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.16.2.36129.179-189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.16.2.36129.179-189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>ABSTRAK. </strong>Limbah elektronik mengandung banyak logam yang bernilai guna antara lain tembaga (Cu), besi (Fe), timah (Sn), timbal (Pb), seng (Zn), emas (Au) dan perak (Ag). Di antara logam tersebut, logam yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tertinggi dan banyak disimpan sebagai investasi kekayaan dalam jangka panjang adalah emas (Au), namun jumlah kandungan emas dalam elektronik lebih kecil dibandingkan logam yang lain. Penelitian ini merupakan studi pendahuluan <em>recovery</em> emas dari limbah elektronik. Studi diawali dengan mempreparasi asam askorbat termodifikasi magnetit (Fe₃O₄/AA) dan digunakan sebagai adsorben Au dalam sampel simulasi. Sampel simulasi terdiri dari sistem Au tunggal (larutan HAuCl₄^-) dan sistem multilogam (Au/Cu). Pengaruh pH larutan HAuCl₄^- terhadap kemampuan adsorpsi [AuCl₄]^-, kinetika dan isoterm adsorpsidipelajari pada sistem Au tunggal. Sementara itu, pengaruh keberadaan ion logam Cu terhadap kemampuan Fe₃O₄/AA untuk <em>recovery</em> emas dipelajari dalam sistem multilogam (Au/Cu). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode <em>batch</em>. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adsorpsi [AuCl₄]^- pada Fe₃O₄/AA optimum pada pH 4 dan kesetimbangan adsorpsi tercapai pada jam ke-30. Model kinetika adsorpsi mengikuti model kinetika pseudo orde dua Ho dan model isoterm adsorpsi mengikuti model isoterm Langmuir dengan kapasitas adsorpsi sebesar 0,09900 mol/g. Keberadaan ion logam Cu berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan Fe₃O₄/AA dalam mengadsorpsi [AuCl₄]^- dalam sistem multilogam (Au/Cu). </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT. Gold Recovery in a Single Au and Multi-metal (Au/Cu) Systems Using Ascorbic Acid-Modified Magnetite Adsorbent.</strong> Electronic waste contains many valuable metals, including copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Sn), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), gold (Au), and silver (Ag). Among these metals, the metal that has the highest economic value and can be stored for a long-term wealth investment is gold (Au), but the amount of gold content in electronic devices is smaller than other metals. This research was a preliminary study of gold recovery from electronic waste. The study began by preparing magnetite-modified ascorbic acid (Fe₃O₄/AA) and was used as an adsorbent agent of gold in a simulated sample. The simulation sample consisted of a single Au system (HAuCl₄^- solution) and a multi-metal system (Au/Cu). The effect of pH of the HAuCl₄^- solution on the ability of [AuCl₄]^- adsorption, kinetic and isotherm adsorptions were studied in a single Au system. Meanwhile, the effect of the Cu metal ions content on Fe₃O₄/AA capacity for gold recovery was studied in a multi-metal system. The method used in this research was the ","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83206091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aplikasi Teknik Kromatografi Ion pada Penentuan Kadar Mineral Mikro Kation (Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, dan Sr2+) dan Anion (F-, Cl-, Br-, NO2-, NO3-, SO42–, dan PO43-) dalam Sampel Air Panas Bumi untuk Tujuan Balneoterapi","authors":"Muhammad Amin, Budhi Oktavia","doi":"10.20961/ALCHEMY.16.2.36210.171-178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/ALCHEMY.16.2.36210.171-178","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRAK.Sebuah studi telah dilakukan untuk menentukan kadar mineral mikro kation dan anion dalam sampel air panas bumi dengan teknik kromatografi ion. Semua sampel yang dikumpulkan, berasal dari beberapa titik sumber air panas bumi di Jailolo, Provinsi Maluku Utara. Kromatografi ion telah dikenal sebagai metode analitik yang sangat populer digunakan untuk menentukan kadar anorganik kation dan anion dalam berbagai jenis sampel air. Metode deteksi kromatografi ion menggunakan sistem konduktivitas yang tidak tertekan dan tertekan dapat diterapkan pada masing-masing penentuan kadar mineral kation dan anion. Dalam penelitian ini, kromatografi ion dengan sistem konduktivitas tidak ditekan digunakan untuk penentuan 7 jenis kation seperti Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, dan Sr2+, sedangkan kromatografi ion dengan sistem konduktivitas ditekan digunakan untuk penentuan 7 jenis anion seperti F-, Cl-, NO2-, Br-, NO3-, SO42-, dan PO43-. Pada kadar 2,5 mmol/L HNO3 dan kombinasi 6 mmol/L Na2CO3+0,5 mmol/L NaHCO3 digunakan sebagai fase gerak untuk masing-masing penentuan kadar mineral mikro kation dan anion.ABSTRACT. Application of Ion Chromatography Technique to the Determination of Micro Mineral Concentration of Cations (Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, and Sr2+) and Anions (F-, Cl-, Br-, NO2-, NO3-, SO42–, and PO43-) in Geothermal Water Samples for Balneotherapy.A study was conducted to determine the micro mineral concentration of cations and anions in geothermal water samples by ion chromatography (IC) techniques. All the samples were collected at several sampling points in Jailolo district, North Maluku Province. IC has been known to be a very popular analytical method used to determine the concentration of cations and anions in various types of water samples. With non-suppressed and suppressed conductivity detection, IC systems can be applied for the determination of cations and anions, respectively. In this study, IC with a non-suppressed system was used for the determination of seven cations such as Na+, NH4+, K+ Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, and Sr2+. Meanwhile,IC witha suppressed system was used for the determination of 7 anions such as F-, Cl-, NO2-, Br-, NO3-, SO42-, and PO43-. A solution of 2.5 mmol/L HNO3 and a combination of 6 mmol/L Na2CO3 and 0.5 mmol/L NaHCO3 were used as the eluent for the determination of mineral cations and anions, respectively.","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85751668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pengaruh Jumlah Katalis CaO Terhadap Karakteristik Produk pada Sintesis Gliserol Karbonat","authors":"Gema Fitriyano, B. SyamsudinA, Adiwarna Adiwarna, Sarah Fauziah","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.16.2.38375.211-217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.16.2.38375.211-217","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRAK. Senyawa gliserol karbonat merupakan turunan gliserol yang saat ini masih berkembang pemanfaatannya. Sintesis gliserol karbonat menggunakan gliserol dan urea menjanjikan untuk diaplikasikan karena bahan baku yang lebih mudah didapatkan, penanganan lebih sederhana dan lebih murah dibandingkan proses sintesis lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan karakterisasi terhadap produk hasil reaksi gliserolisis urea yang dioperasikan pada kondisi operasi suhu 140oC, tekanan 0,7 atm selama 4 jam dengan variasi jumlah katalis CaO 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5% mol. Bahan hasil reaksi dianalisis gugus fungsinya menggunakan instrumen Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR)dan komposisi senyawanya menggunakan instrumen Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS). Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan terhadap produk, didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa kondisi optimum pada penelitian ini terlihat pada produk hasil reaksi gliserolsis urea dengan jumlah penggunaan katalis 5% mol dengan nilai konversi 23%.ABSTRACT. The Influence of the Catalyst Amount of CaO on the Product Characteristics in Glycerol Carbonate Synthesis. Glycerol carbonate is a glycerol derivative that is currently still developing its use. The synthesis of glycerol carbonate using glycerol and urea promises to be applied because raw materials are easier to obtain, handling is simpler and cheaper than other synthesis processes. This study aims to characterize the product of the urea glycerolysis reaction in the operating conditions of 140oC, thepressure of 0,7 atm for 4 hours with variation in the amount of CaO catalyst 1, 2, 3, 4,and 5% mol. Characterization of the reaction products was analyzed by functional groups using the FTIR instrument and compound composition analysis using the GC-MS instrument. According tothe results of the analysis carried out on the product, it was concluded that the optimum conditions in this study were seen in the product of the reaction of urea glycerolsis with 5% mol catalyst amount with a 23% conversion. ","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89248157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hand Sanitizer Ekstrak Daun Pucuk Idat (Cratoxylum glaucum) sebagai Antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli","authors":"Megawati Ayu Putri, Marhan Ebit Saputra, Ike Nur Amanah, Siska Musiam, V. A. Fabiani","doi":"10.20961/alchemy.16.2.32208.227-231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.16.2.32208.227-231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-2cebd816-7fff-d997-4dfd-796d046d0d3b\"><strong>ABSTRAK.</strong><span> Daun pucuk idat merupakan tanaman lokal Bangka Belitung yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap </span><span>Staphylococcus aureus </span><span>dan</span><span> Escherichia coli.</span><span>Sebagai upaya pemanfaatan potensi lokal maka dibuat suatu produk sediaan gel </span><span>hand sanitizer</span><span> yang praktis dan ekonomis. </span><span>Ekstrak daun pucuk idat diperoleh dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut aseton. Ekstrak yang dihasilkan diformulasikan dalam berbagai konsentrasi ekstrak daun pucuk idat (40%, 60%, 80%, dan 100%) dengan penambahan </span><span>carboxymethyl cellulose sodium</span><span> (</span><span>CMC-Na) 0,25 g, gliserin 1 mL, propilenglikol 0,5 mL serta akuades        10 mL. Setiap formulasi gel </span><span>handsanitizer</span><span> dilakukan pengujian stabilitas fisik meliputi uji organoleptis, uji homogenitas, uji daya sebar, uji pH, uji iritasi kulit serta uji aktivitas antibakteri.</span><span> </span><span> Hasil uji organoleptik menunjukkan bahwa semua konsentrasi </span><span>hand sanitizer </span><span>berbentuk gel, berwarna kuning muda, berbau dan homogen. Uji pH dan daya sebar gel</span><span> hand sanitizer</span><span> telah memenuhi ketentuan SNI No. 06-2588. Pengujian iritasi kulit tidak menimbulkan kemerahan, gatal-gatal dan tidak mengakibatkan kulit menjadi kasar pada punggung tangan sukarelawan. Berdasarkan uji sifat fisik gel</span><span> hand sanitizer </span><span>yang dihasilkan memiliki sifat fisik yang serupa dengan gel </span><span>hand sanitizer </span><span>komersial. Hasil uji antibakteri hand sanitizer ekstrak daun pucuk idat terhadap </span><span>E. coli</span><span> dengan konsentrasi ekstrak daun pucuk idat 40%, 60%, 80%, dan 100% diperoleh diameter zona hambat berturut-turut sebesar 11,5 mm, 17,4 mm, 19,3 mm dan 19,3 mm, sedangkan pada bakteri </span><span>S. aureus</span><span> diperoleh diameter zona hambat berturut-turut sebesar 17,1 mm, 24,2 mm, 27,4 mm, dan  18 mm. Hasil uji antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa sediaan gel </span><span>hand sanitizer </span><span>ekstrak aseton daun pucuk idat memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri </span><span>E. coli </span><span>dan </span><span>S. aureus</span><span>.</span></span></p><p><span><span><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-50d6ff2c-7fff-2e66-45f1-73cf49e6527a\"><strong>ABSTRACT. Hand Sanitizer of leaves extractof Cratoxylum glaucum as antibacterial of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. </strong><span>Cratoxylum glaucum</span><span> leaves is local plants of Bangka Belitung which have antibacterial activity against </span><span>S. aureus</span><span> and </span><span>E. coli</span><span>. As an effort to explore local potential, a practical and economical gel hand sanitizer product was prepared. </span><span>Cratoxylum glaucum</span><span> leaves extract was obtained by maceration method using acetone. The extract w","PeriodicalId":7926,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia","volume":"162 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86268814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}