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Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics最新文献

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Learning Without Neurons in Physical Systems 物理系统中没有神经元的学习
IF 22.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2022-06-13 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040821-113439
M. Stern, A. Murugan
{"title":"Learning Without Neurons in Physical Systems","authors":"M. Stern, A. Murugan","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040821-113439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040821-113439","url":null,"abstract":"Learning is traditionally studied in biological or computational systems. The power of learning frameworks in solving hard inverse problems provides an appealing case for the development of physical learning in which physical systems adopt desirable properties on their own without computational design. It was recently realized that large classes of physical systems can physically learn through local learning rules, autonomously adapting their parameters in response to observed examples of use. We review recent work in the emerging field of physical learning, describing theoretical and experimental advances in areas ranging from molecular self-assembly to flow networks and mechanical materials. Physical learning machines provide multiple practical advantages over computer designed ones, in particular by not requiring an accurate model of the system, and their ability to autonomously adapt to changing needs over time. As theoretical constructs, physical learning machines afford a novel perspective on how physical constraints modify abstract learning theory.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42166241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
Non-Hermitian Topological Phenomena: A Review 非厄米拓扑现象:综述
IF 22.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2022-05-21 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040521-033133
N. Okuma, Masatoshi Sato
{"title":"Non-Hermitian Topological Phenomena: A Review","authors":"N. Okuma, Masatoshi Sato","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040521-033133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040521-033133","url":null,"abstract":"The past decades have witnessed an explosion of interest in topological materials, and a lot of mathematical concepts have been introduced in condensed matter physics. Among them, the bulk-boundary correspondence is the central topic in topological physics, which has inspired researchers to focus on boundary physics. Recently, the concepts of topological phases have been extended to non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, whose eigenvalues can be complex. Besides the topology, non-Hermiticity can also cause a boundary phenomenon called the non-Hermitian skin effect, which is an extreme sensitivity of the spectrum to the boundary condition. In this article, we review developments in non-Hermitian topological physics by focusing mainly on the boundary problem. As well as the competition between non-Hermitian and topological boundary phenomena, we discuss the topological nature inherent in non-Hermiticity itself. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 14 is March 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48802997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 104
Spin Seebeck Effect: Sensitive Probe for Elementary Excitation, Spin Correlation, Transport, Magnetic Order, and Domains in Solids 自旋塞贝克效应:固体中初等激发、自旋相关、输运、磁序和畴的敏感探针
IF 22.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2022-05-21 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040721-014957
T. Kikkawa, E. Saitoh
{"title":"Spin Seebeck Effect: Sensitive Probe for Elementary Excitation, Spin Correlation, Transport, Magnetic Order, and Domains in Solids","authors":"T. Kikkawa, E. Saitoh","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040721-014957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040721-014957","url":null,"abstract":"The spin Seebeck effect (SSE) refers to the generation of a spin current as a result of a temperature gradient in a magnetic material, which can be detected electrically via the inverse spin Hall effect in a metallic contact. Since the discovery of SSE in 2008, intensive studies on the SSE have been conducted to elucidate its origin. SSEs appear in a wide range of magnetic materials including ferro-, ferri-, and antiferromagnets and also paramagnets with classical or quantum spin fluctuation. SSE voltage reflects fundamental properties of a magnet, such as elementary excitation, static magnetic order, spin correlation, and spin transport. In this article, we review recent progress on the SSEs in various systems, with particular emphasis on its emerging role as a probe of these magnetic properties in solids. We also briefly discuss the recently discovered nuclear SSE. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 14 is March 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44463545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Tensor Network Algorithms: A Route Map 张量网络算法:一个路线图
IF 22.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2022-05-21 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040721-022705
M. Bañuls
{"title":"Tensor Network Algorithms: A Route Map","authors":"M. Bañuls","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040721-022705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040721-022705","url":null,"abstract":"Tensor networks provide extremely powerful tools for the study of complex classical and quantum many-body problems. Over the past two decades, the increment in the number of techniques and applications has been relentless, and especially the last ten years have seen an explosion of new ideas and results that may be overwhelming for the newcomer. This short review introduces the basic ideas, the best established methods, and some of the most significant algorithmic developments that are expanding the boundaries of the tensor network potential. The goal of this review is to help the reader not only appreciate the many possibilities offered by tensor networks but also find their way through state-of-the-art codes, their applicability, and some avenues of ongoing progress. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 14 is March 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42218746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Dissecting Flux Balances to Measure Energetic Costs in Cell Biology: Techniques and Challenges 细胞生物学中解析通量平衡以测量能量成本：技术和挑战
IF 22.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2022-05-02 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031620-105251
Easun Arunachalam, W. Ireland, Xingbo Yang, D. Needleman
{"title":"Dissecting Flux Balances to Measure Energetic Costs in Cell Biology: Techniques and Challenges","authors":"Easun Arunachalam, W. Ireland, Xingbo Yang, D. Needleman","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031620-105251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031620-105251","url":null,"abstract":"Life is a nonequilibrium phenomenon: Metabolism provides a continuous supply of energy that drives nearly all cellular processes. However, very little is known about how much energy different cellular processes use, i.e., their energetic costs. The most direct experimental measurements of these costs involve modulating the activity of cellular processes and determining the resulting changes in energetic fluxes. In this review, we present a flux balance framework to aid in the design and interpretation of such experiments and discuss the challenges associated with measuring the relevant metabolic fluxes. We then describe selected techniques that enable measurement of these fluxes. Finally, we review prior experimental and theoretical work that has employed techniques from biochemistry and nonequilibrium physics to determine the energetic costs of cellular processes. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 14 is March 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43630054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Generalized Symmetries in Condensed Matter 凝聚态中的广义对称性
IF 22.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2022-04-07 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040721-021029
J. McGreevy
{"title":"Generalized Symmetries in Condensed Matter","authors":"J. McGreevy","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040721-021029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040721-021029","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in our understanding of symmetry in quantum many-body systems offer the possibility of a generalized Landau paradigm that encompasses all equilibrium phases of matter. This is a brief and elementary review of some of these developments. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 14 is March 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43935175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 106
Superconductivity and Local Inversion-Symmetry Breaking 超导和局部逆对称破缺
IF 22.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2022-04-05 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040521-042511
M. H. Fischer, M. Sigrist, D. Agterberg, Y. Yanase
{"title":"Superconductivity and Local Inversion-Symmetry Breaking","authors":"M. H. Fischer, M. Sigrist, D. Agterberg, Y. Yanase","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040521-042511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040521-042511","url":null,"abstract":"Inversion and time reversal are essential symmetries for the structure of Cooper pairs in superconductors. The loss of one or both leads to modifications to this structure and can change the properties of the superconducting phases in profound ways. Superconductivity in materials lacking inversion symmetry, or noncentrosymmetric materials, has become an important topic. These materials show unusual magnetic and magnetoelectric properties and can host topological superconductivity. Recently, crystal structures with local, but not global inversion-symmetry breaking have attracted attention. Here, superconductivity can exhibit phenomena not naively expected in centrosymmetric materials. In this review, we first introduce the concept of locally noncentrosymmetric crystals and different material realizations. We then discuss consequences of such local symmetry breaking on the normal state electronic structure and the classification of superconducting order parameters. Finally, we review the expected and, in parts, already observed phenomenology of unconventional superconductivity and possible topological superconducting phases. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 14 is March 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43759354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Floquet States in Open Quantum Systems 开放量子系统中的Floquet态
IF 22.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040721-015537
Takashi Mori
{"title":"Floquet States in Open Quantum Systems","authors":"Takashi Mori","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040721-015537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040721-015537","url":null,"abstract":"In Floquet engineering, periodic driving is used to realize novel phases of matter that are inaccessible in thermal equilibrium. For this purpose, the Floquet theory provides us a recipe for obtaining a static effective Hamiltonian. Although many existing works have treated closed systems, it is important to consider the effect of dissipation, which is ubiquitous in nature. Understanding the interplay of periodic driving and dissipation is a fundamental problem of nonequilibrium statistical physics that is receiving growing interest because of the fact that experimental advances have allowed us to engineer dissipation in a controllable manner. In this review, we give a detailed exposition on the formalism of quantum master equations for open Floquet systems and highlight recent work investigating whether equilibrium statistical mechanics applies to Floquet states. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 14 is March 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46931687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Reflections on 65 Years of Helium Research 氦研究65年的思考
IF 22.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2022-03-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031620-105045
J. Reppy
{"title":"Reflections on 65 Years of Helium Research","authors":"J. Reppy","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031620-105045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031620-105045","url":null,"abstract":"In this autobiographical article, I discuss a number of topics that have absorbed my interest over the years and illustrate how advances in experimental technique, such as the superfluid gyroscope and torsional oscillators, were entwined with expanding knowledge of the properties of helium.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48904468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Hubbard Model 哈伯德模型
IF 22.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2022-03-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031620-102024
Daniel P. Arovas, Erez Berg, Steven A. Kivelson, Srinivas Raghu
{"title":"The Hubbard Model","authors":"Daniel P. Arovas, Erez Berg, Steven A. Kivelson, Srinivas Raghu","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031620-102024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031620-102024","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The repulsive Hubbard model has been immensely useful in understanding strongly correlated electron systems and serves as the paradigmatic model of the field. Despite its simplicity, it exhibits a strikingly rich phenomenology reminiscent of that observed in quantum materials. Nevertheless, much of its phase diagram remains controversial. Here, we review a subset of what is known about the Hubbard model based on exact results or controlled approximate solutions in various limits, for which there is a suitable small parameter. Our primary focus is on the ground state properties of the system on various lattices in two spatial dimensions, although both lower and higher dimensions are discussed as well. Finally, we highlight some of the important outstanding open questions.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138495069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 90
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