Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics最新文献_第3页

Spatial and Temporal Organization of Chromatin at Small and Large Scales 小尺度和大尺度染色质的时空组织

1区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2023-03-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040821-115729

Helmut Schiessel

引用次数: 2

Fermiology of Topological Metals 拓扑金属费米学

IF 22.6 1区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2022-12-08 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040721-021331

A. Alexandradinata, L. Glazman

{"title":"Fermiology of Topological Metals","authors":"A. Alexandradinata, L. Glazman","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040721-021331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040721-021331","url":null,"abstract":"The modern scope of fermiology encompasses not just the classical geometry of Fermi surfaces but also the geometry of quantum wave functions over the Fermi surface. This enlarged scope is motivated by the advent of topological metals—metals whose Fermi surfaces are characterized by a robustly nontrivial Berry phase. We review the extent to which topological metals can be diagnosed from magnetic-field-induced quantum oscillations of transport and thermodynamic quantities. A holistic analysis of the oscillatory wave form is proposed, in which different characteristics of the wave form (e.g., phase offset, high-harmonic amplitudes, temperature-dependent frequency) encode different aspects of a topologically nontrivial Fermi surface. Which characteristic to focus on depends on ( a) the orientation of the magnetic field relative to certain crystallographic axes, ( b) the symmetry class of the topological metal, and ( c) the separation of Fermi-surface pockets in quasimomentum k space. Closely proximate pockets arise when (1) spin–split pockets are nearly overlapping due to a weak spin–orbit force or when (2) two pockets touch at an isolated k point, which can be a topological band-touching point or a saddlepoint in the energy-momentum dispersion. The emergence of a pseudospin degree of freedom (in case 1) and the implications of magnetic breakdown (in case 2) are reviewed, with emphasis on new aspects originating from the (nonabelian) Berry connection of the Fermi surface. Future extensions of topofermiology are suggested in the directions of interaction-induced Fermi-liquid instabilities and two-dimensional electron liquids. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 14 is March 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42500415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Physics of Human Crowds 人群物理学

IF 22.6 1区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031620-100450

Alessandro Corbetta, F. Toschi

引用次数: 17

Data-Driven Discovery of Robust Materials for Photocatalytic Energy Conversion 数据驱动的光催化能量转换稳健材料的发现

IF 22.6 1区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031620-100957

Arunima K. Singh, R. Gorelik, T. Biswas

{"title":"Data-Driven Discovery of Robust Materials for Photocatalytic Energy Conversion","authors":"Arunima K. Singh, R. Gorelik, T. Biswas","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031620-100957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031620-100957","url":null,"abstract":"The solar–to–chemical energy conversion of Earth-abundant resources like water or greenhouse gas pollutants like CO2 promises an alternate energy source that is clean, renewable, and environmentally friendly. The eventual large-scale application of such photo-based energy conversion devices can be realized through the discovery of novel photocatalytic materials that are efficient, selective, and robust. In the past decade, the Materials Genome Initiative has led to a major leap in the development of materials databases, both computational and experimental. Hundreds of photocatalysts have recently been discovered for various chemical reactions, such as water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction, employing these databases and/or data informatics, machine learning, and high-throughput computational and experimental methods. In this article, we review these data-driven photocatalyst discoveries, emphasizing the methods and techniques developed in the last few years to determine the (photo)electrochemical stability of photocatalysts, leading to the discovery of photocatalysts that remain robust and durable under operational conditions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 14 is March 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47792488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Modeling Active Colloids: From Active Brownian Particles to Hydrodynamic and Chemical Fields 模拟活性胶体:从活性布朗粒子到流体动力学和化学场

IF 22.6 1区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2022-10-20 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040821-115500

A. Zöttl, H. Stark

{"title":"Modeling Active Colloids: From Active Brownian Particles to Hydrodynamic and Chemical Fields","authors":"A. Zöttl, H. Stark","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040821-115500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040821-115500","url":null,"abstract":"Active colloids are self-propelled particles moving in viscous fluids by consuming fuel from their surroundings. Here, we review the numerical and theoretical modeling of active colloids propelled by self-generated near-surface flows. We start with the generic model of an active Brownian particle taking into account potential forces and effective pairwise interaction, which include hydrodynamic and phoretic interactions. Also, the squirmer as a model microswimmer is introduced. We then discuss the explicit modeling of self-generated fluid flow and the full hydrodynamic-chemical coupling. Finally, we discuss recent advances in selected topics in which modeling of active colloids is used to study motion in crowded and complex environments, microrheology in active baths, active colloidal engines, adaptive responses of active colloids with the help of machine learning techniques, as well as effects of colloid and fluid inertia. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 14 is March 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43106249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

A Journey Through Nonlinear Dynamics: The Case of Temperature Gradients 非线性动力学之旅:温度梯度的例子

IF 22.6 1区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040721-023358

A. Libchaber

{"title":"A Journey Through Nonlinear Dynamics: The Case of Temperature Gradients","authors":"A. Libchaber","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040721-023358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040721-023358","url":null,"abstract":"The overall effect of temperature gradients is stressed for the Earth's core and surface, but also for the Sun's surface. Using Rayleigh–Bénard convection in helium and mercury, we measured all of the scaling properties of the period-doubling cascade and quasiperiodicity. Hard turbulence scaling properties are presented in an experiment using helium gas at low temperature. A 2/7 scaling law is measured and also an exponential distribution for temperature fluctuations is observed. We present a study of a Rayleigh–Bénard convection cell with an open top and a floater. One of the simplest limit cycles is observed for the floater position. It follows a model proposed by Wilson for continents motion. Using the Soret effect, we study how temperature differences lead to strong accumulation of DNA suspensions. Also using polyethylene glycol concentration gradients, we measured local DNA and RNA accumulation. Finally, using thermal convection, we build one of the smallest PCR machines. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 14 is March 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41754467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Swimming in Complex Fluids 在复杂流体中游泳

IF 22.6 1区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2022-08-06 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040821-112149

S. Spagnolie, Patrick T. Underhill

引用次数: 8

Random Quantum Circuits 随机量子电路

IF 22.6 1区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2022-07-29 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031720-030658

M. Fisher, V. Khemani, A. Nahum, S. Vijay

{"title":"Random Quantum Circuits","authors":"M. Fisher, V. Khemani, A. Nahum, S. Vijay","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031720-030658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031720-030658","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum circuits—built from local unitary gates and local measurements—are a new playground for quantum many-body physics and a tractable setting to explore universal collective phenomena far from equilibrium. These models have shed light on longstanding questions about thermalization and chaos, and on the underlying universal dynamics of quantum information and entanglement. In addition, such models generate new sets of questions and give rise to phenomena with no traditional analog, such as dynamical phase transitions in quantum systems that are monitored by an external observer. Quantum circuit dynamics is also topical in view of experimental progress in building digital quantum simulators that allow control of precisely these ingredients. Randomness in the circuit elements allows a high level of theoretical control, with a key theme being mappings between real-time quantum dynamics and effective classical lattice models or dynamical processes. Many of the universal phenomena that can be identified in this tractable setting apply to much wider classes of more structured many-body dynamics. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 14 is March 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47810336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 119

Odd Viscosity and Odd Elasticity 奇粘度与奇弹性

IF 22.6 1区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040821-125506

Michel Fruchart, C. Scheibner, V. Vitelli

引用次数: 42

Quantum Many-Body Scars: A Quasiparticle Perspective 量子多体伤痕:准粒子视角

IF 22.6 1区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2022-06-23 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031620-101617

A. Chandran, Thomas Iadecola, V. Khemani, R. Moessner

引用次数: 68