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Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics最新文献

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Unveiling the Active Nature of Living-Membrane Fluctuations and Mechanics 揭开活膜波动和力学的活跃本质
IF 22.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2019-03-11 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-CONMATPHYS-031218-013757
H. Turlier, T. Betz
{"title":"Unveiling the Active Nature of Living-Membrane Fluctuations and Mechanics","authors":"H. Turlier, T. Betz","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-CONMATPHYS-031218-013757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-CONMATPHYS-031218-013757","url":null,"abstract":"Soft-condensed matter physics has provided, in the past decades, many of the relevant concepts and methods allowing successful description of living cells and biological tissues. This recent quantitative physical description of biological systems has profoundly advanced our understanding of life, which is shifting from a descriptive to a predictive level. Like other active materials investigated in condensed matter physics, biological materials still pose great challenges to modern physics as they form a specific class of nonequilibrium systems. Actively driven membranes have been studied for more than two decades, taking advantage of rapid progress in membrane physics and in the experimental development of reconstituted active membranes. The physical description of activity within living biological membranes remains, however, a key challenge that animates a dynamic research community, bringing together physicists and biologists. Here, we first review the past two decades of experimental and theoretical advances that enabled the characterization of mechanical properties and nonequilibrium fluctuations in active membranes. We distinguish active processes originating from membrane proteins or from external interactions, such as cytoskeletal forces. Then, we focus on the emblematic case of red blood cell flickering, the active origin of which has been debated for decades until recently. We finally close this review by discussing future challenges in this ever more interdisciplinary field.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2019-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/ANNUREV-CONMATPHYS-031218-013757","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47373872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 29
From Biology to Physics and Back: The Problem of Brownian Movement 从生物学到物理学再到物理学:布朗运动的问题
IF 22.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2019-03-11 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-CONMATPHYS-031218-013318
A. Libchaber
{"title":"From Biology to Physics and Back: The Problem of Brownian Movement","authors":"A. Libchaber","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-CONMATPHYS-031218-013318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-CONMATPHYS-031218-013318","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the history of theoretical ideas but also on the developments of experimental tools. The experiments in our laboratory are used to illustrate the various developments associated with Brownian movement. In the first part of this review, we give an overview of the theory. We insist on the pre-Einstein approach to the problem by Lord Rayleigh, Bachelier, and Smoluchowski. In the second part, we detail the achievements of Perrin, measuring Avogadro's number, quantifying the experimental observations of Brownian movement, and introducing the problem of continuous curves without tangent, a precursor to fractal theory. The third part deals with modern application of Brownian movement, escape from a fixed optical trap, particle dynamics on a moving trap, and finally development of Brownian thermal ratchets. Finally, we give a short overview of bacteria motion, presented like an active Brownian movement with very high effective temperature.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2019-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/ANNUREV-CONMATPHYS-031218-013318","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46607039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
From Stochastic Thermodynamics to Thermodynamic Inference 从随机热力学到热力学推断
IF 22.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2019-03-11 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-CONMATPHYS-031218-013554
U. Seifert
{"title":"From Stochastic Thermodynamics to Thermodynamic Inference","authors":"U. Seifert","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-CONMATPHYS-031218-013554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-CONMATPHYS-031218-013554","url":null,"abstract":"For a large class of nonequilibrium systems, thermodynamic notions like work, heat, and, in particular, entropy production can be identified on the level of fluctuating dynamical trajectories. Within stochastic thermodynamics various fluctuation theorems relating these quantities have been proven. Their application to experimental systems requires that all relevant mesostates are accessible. Recent advances address the typical situation that only partial, or coarse-grained, information about a system is available. Thermodynamic inference as a general strategy uses consistency constraints derived from stochastic thermodynamics to infer otherwise hidden properties of nonequilibrium systems. An important class in this respect are active particles, for which we resolve the conflicting strategies that have been proposed to identify entropy production. As a paradigm for thermodynamic inference, the thermodynamic uncertainty relation provides a lower bound on the entropy production through measurements of the dispersion of any current in the system. Likewise, it quantifies the cost of precision for biomolecular processes. Generalizations and ramifications allow the inference of, inter alia, model-free upper bounds on the efficiency of molecular motors and of the minimal number of intermediate states in enzymatic networks.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2019-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/ANNUREV-CONMATPHYS-031218-013554","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44375600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 133
A Tour of My Soft Matter Garden: From Shining Globules and Soap Bubbles to Cell Aggregates 我的软物质花园之旅：从闪亮的球状物和肥皂泡到细胞聚集物
IF 22.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2019-03-10 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-CONMATPHYS-031218-013454
F. Brochard-Wyart
{"title":"A Tour of My Soft Matter Garden: From Shining Globules and Soap Bubbles to Cell Aggregates","authors":"F. Brochard-Wyart","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-CONMATPHYS-031218-013454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-CONMATPHYS-031218-013454","url":null,"abstract":"Like The Magic Flute, my career has been paved by wonderful and unexpected stories played by enthusiastic and talented students, in close contact with experiments and industry. I participated in the birth of soft matter physics under the impulse of Pierre-Gilles de Gennes: polymers, liquid crystals, colloids, and wetting, which I later applied to the study of living matter. By teaching in the early days at the Institut Universitaire de Technologies d'Orsay, I came into contact with industry, which gave me the chance to collaborate with several companies: Rhône-Poulenc, Dior, Saint-Gobain, Rhodia, and Michelin. These partners have not only largely financed my research in physical chemistry but they also offered a wealth of innovative research topics. In 1996, when Professor Jacques Prost became the director of the Physico-Chimie Curie laboratory, in the Pavillon Curie built for Marie Curie, I turned to biophysics. I initiated collaborations with biologists, applying soft matter physics to the mechanics of cells and tissues. Pierre-Gilles de Gennes has been a wonderful guide throughout this scientific adventure to build my soft matter garden.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2019-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/ANNUREV-CONMATPHYS-031218-013454","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49654730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Brittle Fracture Theory Describes the Onset of Frictional Motion 脆性断裂理论描述了摩擦运动的开始
IF 22.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2019-03-10 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-CONMATPHYS-031218-013327
I. Svetlizky, E. Bayart, J. Fineberg
{"title":"Brittle Fracture Theory Describes the Onset of Frictional Motion","authors":"I. Svetlizky, E. Bayart, J. Fineberg","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-CONMATPHYS-031218-013327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-CONMATPHYS-031218-013327","url":null,"abstract":"Contacting bodies subjected to sufficiently large applied shear will undergo frictional sliding. The onset of this motion is mediated by dynamically propagating fronts, akin to earthquakes, that rupture the discrete contacts that form the interface separating the bodies. Macroscopic motion commences only after these ruptures have traversed the entire interface. Comparison of measured rupture dynamics with the detailed predictions of fracture mechanics reveals that the propagation dynamics, dissipative properties, radiation, and arrest of these “laboratory earthquakes” are in excellent quantitative agreement with the predictions of the theory of brittle fracture. Thus, interface fracture replaces the idea of a characteristic static friction coefficient as a description of the onset of friction. This fracture-based description of friction additionally provides a fundamental description of earthquake dynamics and arrest.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2019-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/ANNUREV-CONMATPHYS-031218-013327","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46758882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
Square Lattice Iridates 方形格子Iridates
IF 22.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2019-02-11 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031218-013113
J. Bertinshaw, Y. Kim, G. Khaliullin, B. J. Kim
{"title":"Square Lattice Iridates","authors":"J. Bertinshaw, Y. Kim, G. Khaliullin, B. J. Kim","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031218-013113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031218-013113","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few years, Sr2IrO4, a single-layer member of the Ruddlesden–Popper series iridates, has received much attention as a close analog of cuprate high-temperature superconductors. Although there is not yet firm evidence for superconductivity, a remarkable range of cuprate phenomenology has been reproduced in electron- and hole-doped iridates including pseudogaps, Fermi arcs, and d-wave gaps. Furthermore, many symmetry-breaking orders reminiscent of those decorating the cuprate phase diagram have been reported using various experimental probes. We discuss how the electronic structures of Sr2IrO4 through strong spin-orbit coupling leads to the low-energy physics that had long been unique to cuprates, what the similarities and differences between cuprates and iridates are, and how these advance the field of high-temperature superconductivity by isolating essential ingredients of superconductivity from a rich array of phenomena that surround it. Finally, we comment on the prospect of finding a new high-temperature superconductor based on the iridate series.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2019-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031218-013113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48463804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 79
Thermodynamics in Single-Electron Circuits and Superconducting Qubits 单电子电路和超导量子比特的热力学
IF 22.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2018-12-15 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-033117-054120
J. Pekola, Ivan M Khaymovich
{"title":"Thermodynamics in Single-Electron Circuits and Superconducting Qubits","authors":"J. Pekola, Ivan M Khaymovich","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-033117-054120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-033117-054120","url":null,"abstract":"Classical and quantum electronic circuits provide ideal platforms to investigate stochastic thermodynamics, and they have served as a stepping stone to realize Maxwell's Demons with highly controllable protocols. In this article, we first review the central thermal phenomena in quantum nanostructures. Thermometry and basic refrigeration methods are described as enabling tools for thermodynamics experiments. Next, we discuss the role of information in thermodynamics that leads to the concept of Maxwell's Demon. Various Maxwell's Demons realized in single-electron circuits over the past couple of years are described. Currently, true quantum thermodynamics in superconducting circuits is a focus of attention, and we end the review by discussing the ideas and first experiments in this exciting area of research.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-033117-054120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45147342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 37
The Fokker–Planck Approach to Complex Spatiotemporal Disordered Systems 复杂时空无序系统的Fokker–Planck方法
IF 22.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2018-08-28 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-033117-054252
J. Peinke, M. R. R. Tabar, M. Wachter
{"title":"The Fokker–Planck Approach to Complex Spatiotemporal Disordered Systems","authors":"J. Peinke, M. R. R. Tabar, M. Wachter","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-033117-054252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-033117-054252","url":null,"abstract":"When the complete understanding of a complex system is not available, as, e.g., for systems considered in the real world, we need a top-down approach to complexity. In this approach, one may desire to understand general multipoint statistics. Here, such a general approach is presented and discussed based on examples from turbulence and sea waves. Our main idea is based on the cascade picture of turbulence, entangling fluctuations from large to small scales. Inspired by this cascade picture, we express the general multipoint statistics by the statistics of scale-dependent fluctuations of variables and relate it to a scale-dependent process, which finally is a stochastic cascade process. We show how to extract from empirical data a Fokker–Planck equation for this cascade process, which allows the generation of surrogate data to forecast extreme events as well as to develop a nonequilibrium thermodynamics for the complex systems. For each cascade event, an entropy production can be determined. These entropies accurately fulfill a rigorous law, namely the integral fluctuations theorem.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2018-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-033117-054252","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47677618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 28
The Remarkable Underlying Ground States of Cuprate Superconductors 铜超导体引人注目的基态
IF 22.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2018-07-13 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031218-013210
C. Proust, L. Taillefer
{"title":"The Remarkable Underlying Ground States of Cuprate Superconductors","authors":"C. Proust, L. Taillefer","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031218-013210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031218-013210","url":null,"abstract":"Cuprates exhibit exceptionally strong superconductivity. To understand why, it is essential to elucidate the nature of the electronic interactions that cause pairing. Superconductivity occurs on the backdrop of several underlying electronic phases, including a doped Mott insulator at low doping, a strange metal at high doping, and an enigmatic pseudogap phase in between—inside which a phase of charge-density wave order appears. In this article, we shed light on the nature of these remarkable phases by focusing on the limit as [Formula: see text], where experimental signatures and theoretical statements become sharper. We therefore survey the ground-state properties of cuprates once superconductivity has been removed by the application of a magnetic field and distill their key universal features.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2018-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031218-013210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46018561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 202
Frustrated Quantum Rare-Earth Pyrochlores 失望的量子稀土烧绿石
IF 22.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2018-06-25 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-022317-110520
J. Rau, M. Gingras
{"title":"Frustrated Quantum Rare-Earth Pyrochlores","authors":"J. Rau, M. Gingras","doi":"10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-022317-110520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-022317-110520","url":null,"abstract":"In this review, we provide an introduction to the physics of a series of frustrated quantum rare-earth pyrochlores. We first give a background on the microscopic single- and two-ion physics of these materials, discussing the origins and properties of their exchange interactions and their minimal low-energy effective models before outlining what is known about their classical and quantum phases. We then make use of this understanding to discuss four important material examples, Er2Ti2O7, Yb2Ti2O7, Tb2Ti2O7, and Pr2Zr2O7, covering in some detail what is known experimentally and theoretically for each and then summarizing some key questions that remain open. Finally, we offer an outlook on some alternative material platforms for realizing similar physics and discuss what we see as prospects for future investigations on these quantum rare-earth pyrochlores.","PeriodicalId":7925,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.6,"publicationDate":"2018-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-022317-110520","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42904097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 134
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