Journal of clinical neuropsychology最新文献_第7页

Cluster analysis of the WAIS on brain-damaged patients. 脑损伤患者WAIS的聚类分析。

Journal of clinical neuropsychology Pub Date : 1983-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/01688638308401161

C Clark, D Crockett, H Klonoff, J MacDonald

{"title":"Cluster analysis of the WAIS on brain-damaged patients.","authors":"C Clark, D Crockett, H Klonoff, J MacDonald","doi":"10.1080/01688638308401161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01688638308401161","url":null,"abstract":"In recognition of increased usage of cluster analytic techniques, the current study attempted to examine sampling bounds for tests and subjects on one cluster-analytic procedure. Specifically, the WAIS subtest scores from a heterogeneous group of subjects with CNS involvement were first, factor analyzed and then clustered by means of Ward's hierarchical procedure. This methodology had been previously applied to two different samples of aphasics and aphasia batteries. In both these aphasic studies, an underlying severity dimension of language dysfunction was found. In contrast, in the current study, salient feature groups were found. Moreover, these groups were distributed in a sequential or hierarchical model in terms of specific cognitive deficits. From these data, it is argued that two major parameters in determining the resulting cluster structures are the homogeneity/heterogeneity of the sample and test battery employed. Although such a statement is obvious, the theoretical ramifications are large, in that the cluster structure may be a function of test weighting or sample diversity, not the phenomenon of interest. However, the cluster structures found in the current study were consistent with historical models of cognitive dysfunction and also lend support to hierarchical models of sequential cognitive impairment. These findings are discussed in terms of their clinical and experimental ramifications with respect to grouping subjects in terms of WAIS profiles.","PeriodicalId":79225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical neuropsychology","volume":"5 2","pages":"149-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01688638308401161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17913394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Comparing different measures of laterality: do they relate to a single mechanism? 比较不同的侧面测量:它们是否与单一机制有关?

Journal of clinical neuropsychology Pub Date : 1983-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/01688638308401160

P Eling

引用次数: 14

Psychopathology in the light of brain injury: a case study. 脑损伤的精神病理学:一个案例研究。

Journal of clinical neuropsychology Pub Date : 1983-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/01688638308401150

S Leftoff

{"title":"Psychopathology in the light of brain injury: a case study.","authors":"S Leftoff","doi":"10.1080/01688638308401150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01688638308401150","url":null,"abstract":"A case study of late onset psychopathology following brain injury is presented to illustrate the effects of cognitive and perceptual loss on personality functions. Based on Hughling Jackson's (1884/1958) notion of the duality of the symptom, we proposed a model of the development and process of psychopathology following brain injury, which views the development of the psychopathological behavior as a product of acquired cognitive and perceptual defects and ensuing compensatory strategies. For the present case study of paranoia, this involved defects in long-term memory, conceptual ability, and compensatory strategies of confabulation and self-referential orientation. Neuropsychological testing established defects in concept formation tasks including the Raven Progressive Matrices, the Leiter International Performance Scale, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting test, as well as long-term memory defects where cognitive reorganization was needed. The paranoid process was understood as a product of disordered conceptual ability in interpersonal situations, and a self-referential conceptual classification system, which took time, and changed social relations, to emerge. The implications of this model for psychotherapy with brain injury is elaborated in our case study, in which psychotherapeutic intervention included training on interpersonal hypothesis formation.","PeriodicalId":79225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical neuropsychology","volume":"5 1","pages":"51-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01688638308401150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17878379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

A technique for promoting robust free recall in chronic organic amnesia. 慢性器质性失忆症中促进强健自由回忆的技术。

Journal of clinical neuropsychology Pub Date : 1983-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/01688638308401151

R Kovner, S Mattis, E Goldmeier

引用次数: 44

Application of pattern evoked potential techniques for evaluating infant perceptual systems. 模式诱发电位技术在婴幼儿知觉系统评价中的应用。

Journal of clinical neuropsychology Pub Date : 1983-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/01688638308401149

M L Lester, B Z Karmel, D S Cantor, M B Wheeler

{"title":"Application of pattern evoked potential techniques for evaluating infant perceptual systems.","authors":"M L Lester, B Z Karmel, D S Cantor, M B Wheeler","doi":"10.1080/01688638308401149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01688638308401149","url":null,"abstract":"An evoked potential (EP) test was developed to aid in the diagnostic evaluation of a 16-week-old infant of initially unknown pathology and degree of perceptual deficit. Patterned stimuli were presented at two repetition rates to challenge the infant's visual and auditory information processing capabilities. The data were compared to those obtained from a \"normal\" infant of the same age and sex and, where possible, to normative population data. The EP data indicated the following: (1) the \"suspect\" infant's occipital response to visual pattern was abnormal in terms of waveform characteristics and in the relationship of its amplitude to spatial frequency of pattern; (2) in comparing brain response to 1 Hz and 6 Hz stimulation rates, the \"suspect\" infant's occipital EPs were abnormally attenuated for the faster presentation rate when a patterned visual display was part of the stimulus complex; (3) an auditory speech sound produced equivalent EP effects in both infants. These data indicated that the \"suspect\" infant's perceptual deficit was restricted to the processing of visual pattern information, possibly due to abnormal functioning of the geniculo-striate system. Subsequent tests and the diagnosis of ocular albinism corroborated the results of the abnormalities suggested by the EP procedure.","PeriodicalId":79225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical neuropsychology","volume":"5 1","pages":"39-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01688638308401149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17878378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Clinical neuropsychology: a discipline in evolution. 临床神经心理学:进化中的一门学科。

Journal of clinical neuropsychology Pub Date : 1983-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/01688638308401147

L Costa

引用次数: 33

Journal of clinical neuropsychology Pub Date : 1983-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/01688638308401148

D Lovrich, J S Stamm

{"title":"Event-related potential and behavioral correlates of attention in reading retardation.","authors":"D Lovrich, J S Stamm","doi":"10.1080/01688638308401148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01688638308401148","url":null,"abstract":"Auditory selective and sustained attention was examined in 12-year-old reading-disabled and normal boys. The reading-retarded group obtained generally low scores on verbal and achievement measures. For selective attention, two tone pip series of differing frequencies were presented, one to each ear. Infrequent signal tone pips of varying pitch were interspersed in each series. As the subjects counted the signals in one ear, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. To evaluate the waveforms, the average amplitude within latency ranges that encompassed the ERP peaks was computed. For the ERPs to the signals, the retarded readers showed significantly less positivity than did the controls in the P3 latency range. The ERPs to the tone pip series displayed a 400 msec period of greater negativity to the attended than to nonattended stimuli, which was similar for the groups. Also, no major group differences were found for the behavioral measures of button-press responses to the selectively attended signals, vigilance, motor coordination, lateral preference, and dichotic listening. Attentive abilities appear intact in children with reading retardation, contrary to those with hyperactivity, and may distinguish these learning disorders.","PeriodicalId":79225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical neuropsychology","volume":"5 1","pages":"13-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01688638308401148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17878377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 36

Restitution and substitution: two theories of recovery with application to neurobehavioral treatment. 恢复与替代:两种康复理论及其在神经行为治疗中的应用。

Journal of clinical neuropsychology Pub Date : 1983-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/01688638308401152

L J Rothi, J Horner

引用次数: 64

Wechsler VIQ versus PIQ differences in cerebral dysfunction: a literature review with emphasis on sex differences. Wechsler VIQ与PIQ在脑功能障碍中的差异:强调性别差异的文献综述。

Journal of clinical neuropsychology Pub Date : 1982-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/01688638208401140

R A Bornstein, J D Matarazzo

{"title":"Wechsler VIQ versus PIQ differences in cerebral dysfunction: a literature review with emphasis on sex differences.","authors":"R A Bornstein, J D Matarazzo","doi":"10.1080/01688638208401140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01688638208401140","url":null,"abstract":"For the past three decades neuropsychologists have published results which indicated that left-sided cerebral dysfunction affected the Wechsler Verbal Scale whereas right-sided dysfunction affected the Performance Scale. Recent investigations have indicated that the effects of cerebral dysfunction on performance of the Wechsler Scales may be different for males and females. In view of these reports, the present review considered 24 studies (28 samples) which have reported Wechsler IQ scores in patients with unilateral or bilateral cerebral dysfunction. Eight studies (10 samples) used the Wechsler-Bellevue I, whereas 16 studies (18 samples) employed the WAIS. In these 28 published samples, there were four exceptions to the hypothesis of lower mean VIQ in patients with left-hemisphere lesions, and lower mean PIQ in patients with right-hemisphere dysfunction. Of the four exceptions to this \"rule\", two samples contained only women, while a third contained only patients with missile wounds of the frontal lobe. One sample appeared to be a true exception, and could not be accounted for by lesion location or sexual composition of the sample. The studies reviewed appear to add additional support to the hypothesis of sex differences in the effects of unilateral lesions. Therefore, insofar as published mean values for the Wechsler Scales are concerned, the specific effects on Verbal versus Performance IQ appear more prominently in males.","PeriodicalId":79225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical neuropsychology","volume":"4 4","pages":"319-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01688638208401140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17809800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 68

Neuropsychological recovery following acute cerebellar ataxia. 急性小脑共济失调后的神经心理恢复。

Journal of clinical neuropsychology Pub Date : 1982-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/01688638208401138

A Maltz, T E Goldberg

{"title":"Neuropsychological recovery following acute cerebellar ataxia.","authors":"A Maltz, T E Goldberg","doi":"10.1080/01688638208401138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01688638208401138","url":null,"abstract":"Acute Cerebellar Ataxia (ACA) is not infrequent disorder in childhood characterized by sudden onset of such cerebellar signs as truncal ataxia, dysmetria, tremors, nystagmus, and hypotonicity. Despite the suggestion in the literature that children who have suffered from ACA may continue to have neurological deficits, there have not been any attempts to address systematically and quantitatively the nature and frequency of dysfunction in the cognitive and motor domains. To this end, 15 patients with a discharge diagnosis of ACA at Children's Hospital of Michigan were administered a Wechsler Intelligence Scale, visual-spatial tests, achievement tests, and a test of motor speed, targeting, and finger dexterity (the Purdue Pegboard). Results indicated that higher level cognitive functions, including those in the linguistic and visual-perceptual domain, remained intact. In addition, the distribution of academic achievement scores was not markedly atypical. However, Purdue Pegboard performances in the majority of patients were notably impaired. Correlations among cognitive variables and such variables as age at onset and length of hospitalization were nonsignificant: no adequate prognostic indicators were ascertained. The implications of the results for theories of cerebellar plasticity or lack thereof are commented upon.","PeriodicalId":79225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical neuropsychology","volume":"4 4","pages":"297-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01688638208401138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18191387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6