The European Physical Journal H最新文献_第5页

Samuil Kaplan and the development of astrophysical research at the Lviv University 塞缪尔·卡普兰和利沃夫大学天体物理学研究的发展

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-022-00045-w

B. Novosyadlyj, B. Hnatyk, Yu. Kulinich, B. Melekh, O. Petruk, R. Plyatsko, M. Tsizh, M. Vavrukh, N. Virun

{"title":"Samuil Kaplan and the development of astrophysical research at the Lviv University","authors":"B. Novosyadlyj, B. Hnatyk, Yu. Kulinich, B. Melekh, O. Petruk, R. Plyatsko, M. Tsizh, M. Vavrukh, N. Virun","doi":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-022-00045-w","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-022-00045-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Samuil Kaplan (1921–1978) was a productive and famous astrophysicist. He was affiliated with a number of scientific centers in different cities of former Soviet Union. The earliest 13 years of his career, namely in the 1948–1961 years, he worked in Lviv University in Ukraine (then it was called the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic). In the present paper, the Lviv period of his life and scientific activity is described on the basis of archival materials and his published studies. Kaplan arrived in Lviv in June 1948, at the same month when he obtained the degree of Candidate of science. He was a head of the astrophysics sector at the Astronomical Observatory of the University, was a professor of department for theoretical physics as well as the founder and head of a station for optical observations of artificial satellites of Earth. He was active in the organization of the astronomical observational site outside of the city. During the years in Lviv, Kaplan wrote more than 80 articles and 3 monographs in 9 areas. The focus of his interests at that time was on stability of circular orbits in the Schwarzschild field, on white dwarf theory, on space gas dynamics, and cosmic plasma physics, and turbulence, on acceleration of cosmic rays, on physics of interstellar medium, on physics and evolution of stars, on cosmology and gravitation, and on optical observations of Earth artificial satellites. Some of his results are fundamental for development of theory in these fields as well as of observational techniques. The complete bibliography of his works published during the Lviv period is presented. Respective scientific achievements of Samuil Kaplan are reviewed in the light of the current state of research in these areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":791,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal H","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80362608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond the infrared: a centenary of Heinrich Rubens’s death 红外线之外:海因里希·鲁本斯逝世一百周年纪念

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-022-00044-x

Iñigo González de Arrieta

引用次数: 2

Fermi’s favorite figure: the history of the pseudopotential concept in atomic physics and neutron physics 费米最喜欢的人物:原子物理学和中子物理学中赝势概念的历史

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2022-09-09 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-022-00042-z

Christopher R. Gould, Eduard I. Sharapov

引用次数: 0

Schottky’s forgotten step to the Ising model 肖特基在伊辛模型中被遗忘的一步

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2022-09-06 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-022-00041-0

Reinhard Folk, Yurij Holovatch

{"title":"Schottky’s forgotten step to the Ising model","authors":"Reinhard Folk, Yurij Holovatch","doi":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-022-00041-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-022-00041-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A longstanding problem in natural science and later in physics was the understanding of the existence of ferromagnetism and its disappearance under heating to high temperatures. Although a qualitative description was possible by the Curie–Weiss theory, it was obvious that a microscopic model was necessary to explain the tendency of the elementary magnetons to prefer parallel ordering at low temperatures. Such a model was proposed in 1922 by Schottky within the old Bohr–Sommerfeld quantum mechanics and claimed to explain the high values of the Curie temperatures of certain ferromagnets. Based on this idea Ising formulated a new model for ferromagnetism in solids. Simultaneously the old quantum mechanics was replaced by new concepts of Heisenberg and Schrödinger and the discovery of spin. Thus Schottky’s idea was outperformed and finally replaced in 1928 by Heisenberg exchange interaction. This led to a reformulation of Ising’s model by Pauli at the Solvay conference in 1930. Nevertheless one might consider Schottky’s idea as a forerunner of this development explaining and asserting that the main point is the Coulomb energy leading to the essential interaction of neighboring elementary magnets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":791,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal H","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjh/s13129-022-00041-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77400886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Correction to: Einstein’s cosmic model of 1931 revisited: an analysis and translation of a forgotten model of the universe 爱因斯坦1931年的宇宙模型重访:对一个被遗忘的宇宙模型的分析和翻译

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2022-07-20 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-022-00040-1

C. O’Raifeartaigh, B. McCann

引用次数: 0

A history of observables and Hamilton–Jacobi approaches to general relativity 可观测的历史和广义相对论的汉密尔顿-雅可比方法

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-022-00039-8

Donald Salisbury

引用次数: 1

On the origin of the Gullstrand–Painlevé coordinates 在gullstrand - painlev<s:1>坐标的原点上

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-022-00038-9

N. Nielsen

引用次数: 1

On the origin of the Gullstrand–Painlevé coordinates 在gullstrand - painlev<s:1>坐标的原点上

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-022-00038-9

N. K. Nielsen

引用次数: 1

The genesis of the CPT theorem CPT定理的起源

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-022-00037-w

Alexander S. Blum, Andrés Martínez de Velasco

引用次数: 4

Internal dynamics in condensed matter, as studied by spin relaxation: some examples from 75 years 用自旋弛豫研究的凝聚态物质的内部动力学:75年来的一些例子

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2022-03-24 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00030-9

Erik B. Karlsson

{"title":"Internal dynamics in condensed matter, as studied by spin relaxation: some examples from 75 years","authors":"Erik B. Karlsson","doi":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00030-9","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00030-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present year 2021 celebrates the 75th anniversary of the nuclear magnetic resonance method (NMR), which has had an immense importance for several branches of physics, chemistry and biology. The splitting of resonances and the shifts in their positions are seemingly inexhaustible sources of information for organic chemistry and biology. It was first introduced for the study of <u>nuclear spins</u> and their associated magnetic properties and when it was observed that resonance lines were broadened by the action of fluctuating local magnetic fields it was first seen as a limitation for the exact determination of nuclear properties. However, it was soon realized that the broadening contained important information on the dynamics of atoms, molecules or cooperative spin systems surrounding the nuclei and spin perturbations became a well-developed tool for investigation of internal dynamics in liquids and solids, over time-ranges from seconds down to femtoseconds. The present article is an attempt to review this latter line of development and to pick out a series of examples of internal dynamics in different physical systems published over the past 75 years. Examples include motions of particles in solids, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), critical phenomena around phase transitions, functioning of biomolecules and recent applications to spintronics and quantum computing. Other spin-based spectroscopies followed in the tracks of NMR with use of <u>electron spins</u> (in electron spin resonance ESR also called electron paramagnetic resonance EPR, and ferromagnetic resonance, FMR), <u>excited nuclear states</u> (by observation of perturbations in angular correlation of gamma-rays, PAC) and later also <u>muon spins</u> (muon spin relaxation, MuSR), from which other examples are selected.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":791,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal H","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00030-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4945030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2