The European Physical Journal H最新文献_第3页

Historical and philosophical reflections on the Einstein-de Sitter model 对爱因斯坦-德西特模型的历史和哲学思考

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2021-03-19 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00007-8

Cormac O’Raifeartaigh, Michael O’Keeffe, Simon Mitton

{"title":"Historical and philosophical reflections on the Einstein-de Sitter model","authors":"Cormac O’Raifeartaigh, Michael O’Keeffe, Simon Mitton","doi":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00007-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00007-8","url":null,"abstract":"We present some historical and philosophical reflections on the paper “On the Relation Between the Expansion and the Mean Density of the Universe”, published by Albert Einstein and Willem de Sitter in 1932. In this famous work, Einstein and de Sitter considered a relativistic model of the expanding universe with both the cosmological constant and the curvature of space set to zero. Although the Einstein-deSitter model went on to serve as a standard model in ‘big bang’ cosmology for many years, we note that the authors do not explicitly consider the evolution of the cosmos in the paper. Indeed, the mathematics of the article are quite puzzling to modern eyes. We consider claims that the paper was neither original nor important; we find that, by providing the first specific analysis of the case of a dynamic cosmology without a cosmological constant or spatial curvature, the authors delivered a unique, simple model with a straightforward relation between cosmic expansion and the mean density of matter that set an important benchmark for both theorists and observers. We consider some philosophical aspects of the model and provide a brief review of its use as a standard ‘big bang’ model over much of the (20{mathrm {th}}) century.","PeriodicalId":791,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal H","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5057387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Exploring the boundary between atoms and the continuum by computers: a personal history 用计算机探索原子和连续体之间的边界:个人历史

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2021-03-18 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00010-z

Brad Lee Holian

引用次数: 0

N.R. Sen: Father of Indian Applied mathematics N.R.森:印度应用数学之父

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2021-03-04 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00003-y

Saibal Ray, Utpal Mukhopadhyay, Rajinder Singh

引用次数: 0

On the development of effective field theory 论有效场论的发展

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2021-03-02 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00004-x

Steven Weinberg

引用次数: 28

Everett’s theory of the universal wave function 埃弗雷特的普适波函数理论

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2021-02-24 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00001-0

Biao Wu

引用次数: 0

Molecular simulation and the collaborative computational projects 分子模拟与协同计算项目

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/e2020-10034-9

William Smith, Martyn Guest, Ilian Todorov, Paul Durham

引用次数: 0

The blossoming of quantum mechanics in Italy: the roots, the context and the first spreading in Italian universities (1900–1947) 量子力学在意大利的兴起:根源、背景和意大利大学的第一次传播(1900-1947)

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2020-11-06 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/e2020-10044-0

Adele La Rana, Paolo Rossi

{"title":"The blossoming of quantum mechanics in Italy: the roots, the context and the first spreading in Italian universities (1900–1947)","authors":"Adele La Rana, Paolo Rossi","doi":"10.1140/epjh/e2020-10044-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjh/e2020-10044-0","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The widespread positivist approach of physics research in Italy at the turn of the XIX and XX centuries did not provide a fertile ground for the scientific debate on the atomic structure of matter, which instead raged beyond the Alps in those same years and which gave birth, during the 1920s, to the quantum revolution. Experimental investigations in spectroscopy and radioactivity were carried out with discrete success in the 1910s and early 1920s by Italian physicists such as Antonino Lo Surdo and Rita Brunetti in Florence, stimulating an empirical knowledge of early quantum theory and the acquisition of the related laboratory skills. However, the theoretical framework necessary for the reception and development of the postulates and formalisms of quantum mechanics started to be cultivated in Italy with a delay of a few decades compared to Central European countries. The diffusion of quantum studies – with their unprecedented drive toward an integration of experiment and theory – took hold in Italy beginning from the establishment of the first theoretical physics chairs (1926) at the Universities of Rome, Florence and Milan, whose origins are here described in detail. Furthermore, the present paper presents a systematic analysis of the appearance of the quantum mechanical concepts in Italian university courses between 1927 and 1947.\u0000","PeriodicalId":791,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal H","volume":"45 4-5","pages":"237 - 257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1140/epjh/e2020-10044-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4269368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Rudolf Ladenburg and the first quantum interpretation of optical dispersion Rudolf Ladenburg和光色散的第一个量子解释

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/e2020-10027-6

Marta Jordi Taltavull

引用次数: 2

Ryogo Kubo in his formative years as a physicist 久保良古在他作为物理学家的成长时期

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2020-09-16 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/e2020-10003-8

Hiroto Kono

{"title":"Ryogo Kubo in his formative years as a physicist","authors":"Hiroto Kono","doi":"10.1140/epjh/e2020-10003-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjh/e2020-10003-8","url":null,"abstract":"The Japanese theoretical physicist Ryogo Kubo made remarkable contributions to statistical mechanics and condensed matter physics, amongst which his name is most widely associated with the linear response theory. Despite his importance in the history of modern physics, however, historians have paid him little attention. Using his unpublished manuscripts in a newly organized archive, this paper examines his studies and research up to the end of World War II. Influenced by his brother Masaji Kubo, a physical chemist, and the milieu at Tokyo Imperial University, he became interested in theoretical approaches to properties of matter and worked on dipolar gases and resistance in metals. After graduation, he studied three different phenomena—relaxation, melting, and rubber elasticity—by applying the method of eigenvalue problems. He was also involved in wartime research on noctovision and worked on photoemission in semiconductors. This paper also identifies two distinct focuses in his early research that persisted in his work after the war: solid-state physics and statistical mechanics in today’s terminology. Reconstructing Kubo’s formative years is instrumental for constructing a historiography of a key aspect of modern Japanese physics, namely, how the science of matter evolved before and during the war.","PeriodicalId":791,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal H","volume":"45 2-3","pages":"175 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1140/epjh/e2020-10003-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4664114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Real or not real that is the question... 这是真的还是假的问题……

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2020-09-14 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/e2020-10022-x

Reinhold A. Bertlmann

{"title":"Real or not real that is the question...","authors":"Reinhold A. Bertlmann","doi":"10.1140/epjh/e2020-10022-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjh/e2020-10022-x","url":null,"abstract":"My discussions with John Bell about reality in quantum mechanics are recollected. I would like to introduce the reader to Bell’s vision of reality which was for him a natural position for a scientist. Bell had a strong aversion against “quantum jumps” and insisted to be clear in phrasing quantum mechanics, his “words to be forbidden” proclaimed with seriousness and wit – both typical Bell characteristics – became legendary. I will summarize the Bell-type experiments and what Nature responded, and discuss the implications for the physical quantities considered, the real entities and the nonlocality concept due to Bell’s work. Subsequently, I also explain a quite different view of the meaning of a quantum state, this is the information theoretic approach, focusing on the work of Brukner and Zeilinger. Finally, I would like to broaden and contrast the reality discussion with the concept of “virtuality,” with the meaning of virtual particle occurring in quantum field theory. With some of my own thoughts I will conclude the paper which is composed more as a historical article than as a philosophical one.","PeriodicalId":791,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal H","volume":"45 2-3","pages":"205 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1140/epjh/e2020-10022-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4590710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4