The European Physical Journal H最新文献_第2页

Pascual Jordan: from matrix multiplication to interference law 帕斯夸尔-乔丹：从矩阵乘法到干涉定律

IF 0.8 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-024-00073-8

Domenico Costantini, Carlo Ferigato

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Percolating lives: statistical mechanics in Naples 沸腾的生命：那不勒斯的统计力学

IF 0.8 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-024-00076-5

Salvatore Esposito, Alessandro Amabile

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Robert Millikan, Japanese internment, and eugenics 罗伯特-米利肯、日本人收容和优生学

IF 0.8 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-024-00068-5

Thomas Hales

{"title":"Robert Millikan, Japanese internment, and eugenics","authors":"Thomas Hales","doi":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-024-00068-5","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-024-00068-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Robert A. Millikan (1868–1953) was the second American to win the Nobel Prize in physics. At the peak of his influence, no scientist save Einstein was more admired by the American public. Millikan, the head of the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) during its first 24 years, oversaw its rapid growth into one of the leading scientific institutions of the world. However, in response to demands for social justice following the murder of George Floyd, Caltech launched an investigation into Millikan. Caltech reached a decision to strip Millikan of honors (such as the library named after him), following accusations from various sources that he was a sexist, racist, xenophobic, antisemitic, pro-eugenic Nazi sympathizer. In short, Caltech threw the book at him. This article analyzes two accusations against Millikan. The first of these accusations was published in <i>Nature</i>: that he collaborated to deprive Japanese Americans of their rights during their forced relocation to internment camps during the Second World War. An examination of original historical sources will show that this accusation is false. On the contrary, Millikan actively campaigned during the war to promote the rights of Japanese Americans. This article traces the stages of misrepresentation that led to current false beliefs about Millikan. In view of Millikan’s extraordinary position in American science, this misrepresentation is a cautionary tale. The article also treats Caltech’s central accusation against Millikan: he lent his name to “a morally reprehensible eugenics movement” that had been scientifically discredited in his time. The article considers the statements purporting to show that eugenics movement had been denounced by the scientific community by 1938. In a reversal of Caltech’s claims, all three of Caltech’s scientific witnesses against eugenics—including two Nobel laureates—were actually pro-eugenic to varying degrees. This article concludes that Millikan’s beliefs fell within acceptable scientific norms of his day.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":791,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal H","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjh/s13129-024-00068-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141059898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perturbative expansions and the foundations of quantum field theory 惯性展开与量子场论基础

IF 0.8 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-024-00075-6

James D. Fraser, Kasia Rejzner

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Gian-Carlo Wick and neutron physics in the 1930s 20 世纪 30 年代的吉安-卡罗-维克与中子物理学

IF 0.8 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-024-00072-9

Christopher R. Gould, Eduard I. Sharapov

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Correction to: From concrete quarks to QCD: a personal perspective 更正：从具体夸克到 QCD：个人视角

IF 0.8 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-024-00074-7

Chris Llewellyn Smith

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The quantum theory of gravitation, effective field theories, and strings: yesterday and today 量子引力理论、有效场论和弦：昨天和今天

IF 0.8 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-024-00069-4

Alessio Rocci, Thomas Van Riet

{"title":"The quantum theory of gravitation, effective field theories, and strings: yesterday and today","authors":"Alessio Rocci, Thomas Van Riet","doi":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-024-00069-4","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-024-00069-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper analyzes the effective field theory perspective on modern physics through the lens of the quantum theory of gravitational interaction. The historical part argues that the search for a theory of quantum gravity stimulated the change in outlook that characterizes the modern approach to the standard model of particle physics and general relativity. We present some landmarks covering a long period, i.e., from the beginning of the 1930s until 1994, when, according to Steven Weinberg, the modern bottom–up approach to general relativity began. Starting from the first attempt to apply the quantum field theory techniques to quantize Einstein’s theory perturbatively, we explore its developments and interaction with the top–down approach encoded by string theory. In the last part of the paper, we focus on this last approach to describe the relationship between our modern understanding of string theory and effective field theory in today’s panorama. To this end, the non-historical part briefly explains the modern concepts of moduli stabilization and Swampland to understand another change in focus that explains the present framework where some string theorists move.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":791,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal H","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140804901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revisiting the Frisch–Peierls Memorandum 重温弗里施-佩尔斯备忘录

IF 0.8 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-024-00070-x

B. Cameron Reed

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The breakup of gas bubbles by a shock wave: brief historical background 冲击波击碎气泡：历史背景简介

IF 0.8 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-024-00071-w

Igor V. Minin, Oleg V. Minin

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The development of computational methods for Feynman diagrams 费曼图计算方法的发展

IF 0.8 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-024-00067-6

Robert V. Harlander, Jean-Philippe Martinez

{"title":"The development of computational methods for Feynman diagrams","authors":"Robert V. Harlander, Jean-Philippe Martinez","doi":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-024-00067-6","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-024-00067-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the last 70 years, Feynman diagrams have played an essential role in the development of many theoretical predictions derived from the standard model Lagrangian. In fact, today they have become an essential and seemingly irreplaceable tool in quantum field theory calculations. In this article, we propose to explore the development of computational methods for Feynman diagrams with a special focus on their automation, drawing insights from both theoretical physics and the history of science. From the latter perspective, the article particularly investigates the emergence of computer algebraic programs, such as the pioneering <span>SCHOONSCHIP</span>, <span>REDUCE</span>, and <span>ASHMEDAI</span>, designed to handle the intricate calculations associated with Feynman diagrams. This sheds light on the many challenges faced by physicists when working at higher orders in perturbation theory and reveal, as exemplified by the test of the validity of quantum electrodynamics at the turn of the 1960s and 1970s, the indispensable necessity of computer-assisted procedures. In the second part of the article, a comprehensive overview of the current state of the algorithmic evaluation of Feynman diagrams is presented from a theoretical point of view. It emphasizes the key algorithmic concepts employed in modern perturbative quantum field theory computations and discusses the achievements, ongoing challenges, and potential limitations encountered in the application of the Feynman diagrammatic method. Accordingly, we attribute the enduring significance of Feynman diagrams in contemporary physics to two main factors: the highly algorithmic framework developed by physicists to tackle these diagrams and the successful advancement of algebraic programs used to process the involved calculations associated with them.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":791,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal H","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjh/s13129-024-00067-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140005660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0