The European Physical Journal H最新文献_第2页

Comment on 'predictions of critical radii for reactors and bombs 1939–45 including the Frisch–Peierls memorandum' 对“1939 - 1945年反应堆和炸弹临界半径的预测，包括弗里施-佩尔斯备忘录”的评论

IF 1.2 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-025-00095-w

Joseph L. McCauley

引用次数: 0

Tachyons before tachyons: Lev Strum (1890–1936) and superluminal velocities 超光速子之前的超光速子：列夫·斯特鲁姆（1890-1936）和超光速

IF 1.2 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-025-00103-z

Helge Kragh

{"title":"Tachyons before tachyons: Lev Strum (1890–1936) and superluminal velocities","authors":"Helge Kragh","doi":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-025-00103-z","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-025-00103-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>No particle or signal carrying information can travel at a speed exceeding that of light in vacuum. Although this has for a long time been accepted as a law of nature, prior to Einstein’s 1905 theory of special relativity the possibility of superluminal motion of electrons was widely discussed by Arnold Sommerfeld and other physicists. Besides, it is not obvious that special relativity rules out such motion under all circumstances. From approximately 1965 to 1985, the hypothesis of tachyons moving faster than light was seriously entertained by a minority of physicists. This paper reviews the early history concerning faster-than-light signals and pays particular attention to the ideas proposed in the 1920s by the little-known Ukrainian physicist Lev Strum (Shtrum). As he pointed out in a paper of 1923, within the framework of relativity it is possible for a signal to move superluminally without violating the law of causality. Part of this article is devoted to the personal and scientific biography of the undeservedly neglected Strum, whose career was heavily—and eventually fatally—influenced by the political situation in Stalin’s Soviet Union. Remarkably, to the limited extent that Strum is known today, it is as a literary figure in a novel and not as a real person.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":791,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal H","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjh/s13129-025-00103-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interview With Nicola Cabibbo 采访Nicola Cabibbo

IF 1.2 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-025-00099-6

Nicola Cabibbo, Luisa Bonolis

{"title":"Interview With Nicola Cabibbo","authors":"Nicola Cabibbo, Luisa Bonolis","doi":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-025-00099-6","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-025-00099-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>After 25 years, this oral history interview with Nicola Cabibbo, recorded in July 2000, is being made available to an international audience. In the interview Cabibbo describes his early years as a student at the Sapienza University of Rome in the 1950s and his collaboration with Raoul Gatto in the pioneering work that launched <span>(e^+e^-)</span> physics in the early 1960s. The knowledge gained in those years through the systematic application of SU(3) symmetry to particle physics prepared the ground for his greatest achievement: the formulation of the mechanism responsible for quark mixing, which paved the way for the unification of the electromagnetic and weak interactions. Cabibbo’s significant influence on the revival of theoretical physics in Italy and his inspiring contribution to the development of a Roman school are also testified, together with his wide interests and lively curiosity which led him to promote the realization of a series of parallel supercomputers for numerical simulations of quantum field theory (the APE line). His extraordinary dedication, rigor and vision in promoting Italian scientific and technological development as President of the National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) and other scientific institutions form a relevant and meaningful part of the narrative, which also includes significant recollections of his role as President of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. Prominently mentioned are: Guido Altarelli, Edoardo Amaldi, Gilberto Bernardini, Francesco Calogero, Marcello Conversi, Ugo Fano, Enrico Fermi, Bruno Ferretti, Raoul Gatto, Murray Gell-Mann, Makoto Kobayashi, Luciano Maiani, Guido Martinelli, Toshihide Maskawa, Giorgio Parisi, Roberto Petronzio, Giuliano Preparata, Giorgio Salvini, Massimo Testa, Bruno Touschek.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":791,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal H","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjh/s13129-025-00099-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Glimpses into the past: the mystery of the rangefinder by J.G. Hofmann 回顾过去：J.G.霍夫曼的测距仪之谜

IF 0.8 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-025-00097-8

Luisa Lovisetti

引用次数: 0

Alessandro Serpieri Piarist: a sui generis scientist 亚历山德罗-塞尔皮耶里-皮亚杰：自成一格的科学家

IF 0.8 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-025-00096-9

Flavio Vetrano

引用次数: 0

Feynman 1947 letter on path integral for the Dirac equation 费曼1947年狄拉克方程的路径积分

IF 0.8 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-025-00090-1

Ted Jacobson

引用次数: 0

A confederacy of anomalies 反常的联盟

IF 0.8 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-025-00092-z

Jan Smit

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Correction: Lattice Gauge theory before lattice Gauge theory 更正：点阵规范理论之前的点阵规范理论

IF 0.8 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-025-00094-x

J. B. Kogut

引用次数: 0

The ignored Berezin’s solution of the Ising model 忽略了伊辛模型的Berezin解

IF 0.8 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-025-00093-y

M. Ostilli

{"title":"The ignored Berezin’s solution of the Ising model","authors":"M. Ostilli","doi":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-025-00093-y","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-025-00093-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In 1969, the Russian Mathematical Survey published a paper by Felix A. Berezin called “THE PLANE ISING MODEL” (Berezin in Russ Math Surv 24:1, 1969) where Onsager’s solution of the two-dimensional Ising model is found by means of integrals over anticommuting variables (Grassmann variables). Berezin’s work provides a very elegant method for solving the Ising model which turns out to be much simpler if compared to previous methods. Berezin’s work represents also the very first use of anticommuting variables for solving actual combinatorial problems. Western literature, however, has ignored Ref. Berezin (Russ Math Surv 24:1, 1969). In fact, more than a decade after Berezin’s paper, S. Samuel re-found, independently, essentially the same solution obtained by Berezin, but with no reference to his work. S. Samuel solved also other planar models and paved the way to a subsequent proliferation of papers both related to statistical mechanics and fermionic field theories. Yet, we have verified that, until now, western literature still does not cite the original work of Berezin on the Ising model. The aim of this perspective paper is to fix this chronic issue and contextualize it within the unfortunate biographical and historical facts around Berezin’s life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":791,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal H","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143496967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predictions of critical radii for reactors and bombs 1939–45 including the Frisch–Peierls memorandum 对1939 - 1945年反应堆和炸弹临界半径的预测，包括弗里施-佩尔斯备忘录

IF 0.8 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-024-00088-1

Joseph L. McCauley

{"title":"Predictions of critical radii for reactors and bombs 1939–45 including the Frisch–Peierls memorandum","authors":"Joseph L. McCauley","doi":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-024-00088-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-024-00088-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There were at least seven attempts to calculate critical radii for reactors or bombs 1939–1945. Those made by Flügge and Peierls in 1939 are compared with the calculations made by Perrin (1939), Heisenberg (1939 and 1945) and Serber (1943). Fermi’s 1942 reactor calculations are not covered here because that would call for a separate paper. Heisenberg calculated the critical radius formula and some critical radii in 1939 for a reactor. He focused on reactors 1939–45 and apparently did not make a bomb calculation before his August 1945 Farm Hall Lecture where he independently reproduced the 1943 Los Alamos Primer calculation for a bomb to within the limits that he knew the fast fission cross section. Flügge attempted a ponderous alternative to a critical radius calculation. Perrin’s calculation predates the Heisenberg and Serber calculations. His theoretical choice of tamper boundary condition was not optimal but his calculation method was correct. Peierls aimed to improve on Perrin's method but did worse. Finally, we calculate the 2.1 cm critical radius stated in the Frisch–Peierls Memorandum from Peierls’ model and graph, and we also show how Frisch and Peierls likely calculated it, including why Frisch assumed a fission cross section of 10 barn in his calculation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":791,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal H","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0