Anatomia最新文献_第8页

Plastination ‐ authentic anatomical insights in a virtual world 塑化-真实的解剖见解在虚拟世界

Anatomia Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1111/AHE.12511

C. Horst

引用次数: 0

E12 technique: Conventional epoxy resin sheet plastination E12工艺:常规环氧树脂板材塑化

Anatomia Pub Date : 2019-10-15 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12507

R. Latorre, K. de Jong, M. Șora, O. López-Albors, C. Baptista

{"title":"E12 technique: Conventional epoxy resin sheet plastination","authors":"R. Latorre, K. de Jong, M. Șora, O. López-Albors, C. Baptista","doi":"10.1111/ahe.12507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ahe.12507","url":null,"abstract":"Epoxy plastination techniques were developed to obtain thin transparent body slices with high anatomical detail. This is facilitated because the plastinated tissue is transparent and the topography of the anatomical structures well preserved. For this reason, thin epoxy slices are currently used for research purposes in both macroscopic and microscopic studies. The protocol for the conventional epoxy technique (E12) follows the main steps of plastination—specimen preparation, dehydration, impregnation and curing/casting. Preparation begins with selection of the specimen, followed by freezing and slicing. Either fresh or fixed (embalmed) tissue is suitable for epoxy plastination, while slice thickness is kept between 1.5 and 3 mm. Impregnation mixture is made of epoxy E12 resin plus E1 hardener (100 ppw; 28 ppw). This mixture is reactive and temperature sensitive, and for this reason, total impregnation time under vacuum at room laboratory temperature should not last for more than 20–24 hr. Casting of impregnated slices is done in either flat chambers or by the so‐called sandwich method in either fresh mixture or the one used for impregnation. Curing is completed at 40°C to allow a complete polymerization of the epoxy‐mixture. After curing, slices can be photographed, scanned or used for anatomical study under screen negatoscope, magnification glass or fluorescent microscope. Based on epoxy sheet plastination, many anatomical papers have recent observations of and/or clarification of anatomical concepts in different areas of medical expertice.","PeriodicalId":7888,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia","volume":"135 1","pages":"557 - 563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75498933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Plastination of larger and massive specimens—With Silicone 大型和块状样品的塑化-用硅胶

Anatomia Pub Date : 2019-09-12 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12481

Paul B Nader, R. Henry, Hong-Jin Sui

{"title":"Plastination of larger and massive specimens—With Silicone","authors":"Paul B Nader, R. Henry, Hong-Jin Sui","doi":"10.1111/ahe.12481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ahe.12481","url":null,"abstract":"In 1977, plastination was unveiled, which replaced tissue fluid with a curable polymer. Today preservation via plastination of various animal and plant tissues, organs, and whole bodies is an extremely useful technique to display such and help educate vast arrays of both allied science students and the lay public across the planet. The diversity of applications of plastination techniques seems to be without limits. In fact, the only real limitation to plastination is one's imagination! The size of plastinates during the early years of plastination was comparatively small and dictated primarily by the size of the available plastination kettle/chamber, 35 L Heidelberg plastination kettle (49 cm H × 34.5 cm diam.). In the 1990s larger chambers were designed and slowly became available:150–210 cm (long) × 65–80 cm (wide) and 83–92 cm (high). Today a few large vacuum chambers are in service which will accommodate whole bodies of man and domestic or exotic animals. Today, at least two gigantic chambers are available to impregnate massive specimens. These are 3.5 m × 2 m × 1.5 m (Dalian) and 4 m × 3 m × 2.2 m (Guben). Also, the need for larger quantities of acetone and impregnation mix, not to mention the great increase in specimen preparation time, makes this a major investment. The “cold temperature process” is used to impregnate these massive creations. The room temperature technique could be used. The same four plastination steps are necessary for larger and massive specimens. Besides their tremendous size, the slippery silicone polymer is a reckoning force.","PeriodicalId":7888,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia","volume":"46 1","pages":"547 - 551"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87735365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Clearing and staining small vertebrates for demonstrating ossification of the skeletal system using the KOH and glycerine clearing method 用KOH和甘油清除方法清除和染色小脊椎动物，以证明骨骼系统的骨化

Anatomia Pub Date : 2019-09-04 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12485

R. Reed, Christy R Kendall, Nicholas Tsangarides, H. Evans

引用次数: 2

Multiple polymer plastination: Combining different types of polymers in teaching and exhibition plastinates 多种聚合物塑化:结合不同类型的聚合物进行教学和展览塑化

Anatomia Pub Date : 2019-08-22 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12476

Christoph von Horst

{"title":"Multiple polymer plastination: Combining different types of polymers in teaching and exhibition plastinates","authors":"Christoph von Horst","doi":"10.1111/ahe.12476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ahe.12476","url":null,"abstract":"Vacuum forced tissue impregnation is the signature step of the plastination process. It requires polymers with a low vapour pressure, low viscosity and a long pot life. Plastination polymers are a compromise between these mandatory requirements on the one hand and various secondary demands such as specimen stability, resistance to UV light and defined light refraction index on the other hand. Combining different polymers in one plastinate instead of using one plastination polymer alone can result in improved specimens for exhibitions and teaching including hands‐on use for students. The aim of this study was to assess the range of possible sheet plastinate modifications and how the resulting multiple polymer plastinates can fulfil the secondary requirements of user‐friendly plastinates. Adding sub‐steps of tissue impregnation and processing to the standard plastination protocol allows combining different polymer properties including the use of substances which are not suitable for conventional plastination as such but have better properties than plastination polymers. Advantages like resistance to UV light and mechanical stability can be combined and characteristic disadvantages of plastination polymers can be avoided. Acrylic protection layers (APL) offer a complete protection of the specimen in combination with advanced presentation possibilities and the option of completely refurbishing valuable specimens. Hybrid sheet plastinates provide lower preparation cost and polymer–tissue interactions for an improved visualization of fat, nerves and brain tissue. Selective impregnation is a promising approach for the clearer differentiation of various structures and tissue types.","PeriodicalId":7888,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia","volume":"57 1","pages":"577 - 583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75368743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Work safety in plastination 塑化安全生产

Anatomia Pub Date : 2019-08-07 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12473

Volker K Schill

{"title":"Work safety in plastination","authors":"Volker K Schill","doi":"10.1111/ahe.12473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ahe.12473","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, information is given on potential physical and health hazards in the steps of the silicone cold temperature method, often referred to as “S 10 Standard Method.” The main potential hazards related to plastination, as well as recommended measures to effectively avoid explosion and health hazards are discussed. Some specialty chemicals pose chronic health hazards. Exposure to these chemicals can be avoided by standard laboratory hygiene, that is wearing personal protective equipment like safety goggles and protective gloves. Inhalation hazard, for example when working at open dehydration containers or when opening a gas curing box, is preferentially avoided by the action of an appropriate ventilation system. Acetone is the standard solvent used for dehydration and defatting of the specimens to be plastinated. Like for other flammable liquids, explosion protection must be considered when handling acetone. The concentration of acetone vapour in the air must be kept below the lower explosion limit through appropriate room or workplace ventilation. Furthermore, all potential sources of ignition should be removed from the explosion hazard zone. If electrical devices need to be operated inside the explosion hazard zone, they need a special design and approval. The conditions covered by this approval can be found on the identification plate of the individual device.","PeriodicalId":7888,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia","volume":"33 1","pages":"584 - 590"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80925448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The International Society for Plastination 国际塑化学会

Anatomia Pub Date : 2019-07-29 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12471

R. Latorre, R. Henry, P. Adds, C. Baptista

引用次数: 1

Anatomical and scanning electron microscopic study of the tongue in the African giant pouched rats (Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse) 非洲巨袋鼠(Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse)舌部解剖及扫描电镜研究

Anatomia Pub Date : 2019-07-26 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12467

C. Igbokwe, F. Mbajiorgu

{"title":"Anatomical and scanning electron microscopic study of the tongue in the African giant pouched rats (Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse)","authors":"C. Igbokwe, F. Mbajiorgu","doi":"10.1111/ahe.12467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ahe.12467","url":null,"abstract":"The African giant pouched rat is a nocturnal, fossorial and omnivorous wild rodent widely distributed in sub‐Saharan Africa. The morphology of lingual surface has not previously examined and was investigated by gross dissection, stereomicroscopy, scanning electron and light microscopy. Grossly, it was elongated and dorso‐ventrally flattened with rounded tip. It measured 3.48 ± 0.33 cm in length, with a median groove of 1.4 ± 0.1 cm in length and well‐developed lingual prominence. Stereomicroscopically, filiform, fungiform and vallate papillae were indicated in the apex, body and root. Fungiform papillae intermingled with filiform on the ventral and dorsal surface of the apex and body. Three vallate papillae were located in triangular arrangement on the root. The surface ultrastructural features distinguished four types of filiform which varied in size, shape and distribution: first type with long pointed process was preponderant on the apex and body of tongue; the second with robust base was located on central lingual prominence; the third (caudal body) was conically shaped with pointed process; and the fourth type (root) had forked filamentous process. Large oval‐shaped fungiform papillae were apparent. Each vallate was surrounded by a circumferential groove into which taste pores opened. Histologically, the tongue surface displayed moderately keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, and lamina propria that varied in places. Fungiform and vallate showed spindle‐shaped taste buds. Serous and mucous acini containing neutral and acidic mucins were observed in lamina propria of root. The structural adaptations of the tongue to omnivorous diet and food manipulation in oral cavity were comparatively discussed.","PeriodicalId":7888,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia","volume":"195 1","pages":"455 - 465"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83700573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Feline hip joint anatomy in magnetic resonance images 猫髋关节的磁共振图像解剖

Anatomia Pub Date : 2019-07-26 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12466

J. Głodek, Kamila Milewska, Angelika Tobolska, Ł. Grabarczyk, W. Maksymowicz, I. Bada, Z. Adamiak

{"title":"Feline hip joint anatomy in magnetic resonance images","authors":"J. Głodek, Kamila Milewska, Angelika Tobolska, Ł. Grabarczyk, W. Maksymowicz, I. Bada, Z. Adamiak","doi":"10.1111/ahe.12466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ahe.12466","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to develop an anatomical model of the feline hip joint for low‐field magnetic resonance imaging (LF‐MRI) based on high‐field magnetic resonance imaging (HF‐MRI). The study was performed on six adult clinically healthy European shorthair cats, aged 1–3 years, with body weight of 2.8–4.4 kg. The animals were examined with the use of the Vet‐MRI Grande Esaote LF (0.25 T) scanner and high‐field Siemens Magnetom TRIO (3 T) MRI scanner. In the LF‐MRI, most satisfactory results in T1‐weighted images were obtained when TE was 26 ms in all three planes and when TR was 350–950 ms in the transverse plane, 950–1150 ms in the sagittal plane and 520–750 ms in the dorsal plane. In T2‐weighted images, TE was 90 ms in the transverse and dorsal plane and 120 ms in the sagittal plane. The results were presented as images acquired with LF‐MRI scanners in three planes. The slice thickness was 3 mm for each plane. In LF‐MRI, muscles in the hip joint region and round ligament were well visualized. Unlike in LF‐MRI, the cross section of the femoral nerve was identified in HF‐MRI scans. In examinations of the feline hip joint, the main limitations of LF‐MRI were a lack of reliable contrast between articular cartilage and synovial fluid as well as longer scan time. Despite the above, LF‐MRI images were characterized by good contrast between bones and the surrounding soft tissues.","PeriodicalId":7888,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia","volume":"20 1","pages":"449 - 454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91185299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender differences in the rat corpus callosum: An ultrastructure study 大鼠胼胝体性别差异的超微结构研究

Anatomia Pub Date : 2019-07-26 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12464

Duaa Al Qattan, A. Shatarat, Loai Alzghoul, A. Khaled, A. Abdullah, M. Elbeltagy

引用次数: 1