Sourav Kundu, Basanta Kumar Das, Subhadeep Das Gupta
{"title":"Hormonal symphony: The dynamic duo of IGF and EGF in gonadotropin-induced fish ovarian development and egg maturation","authors":"Sourav Kundu, Basanta Kumar Das, Subhadeep Das Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fish oocyte maturation (FOM) is a critical biological process that occurs before ovulation and is influenced by gonadotropins, particularly luteinizing hormone (LH). The release of LH stimulates the ovarian follicle to produce a maturation-inducing hormone (MIH), specifically 17α, 20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17α, 20β-DP), which initiates the formation of maturation-promoting factor (MPF) through the activation of cyclin B and cdc2 kinase. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) significantly regulates ovarian functions, including steroidogenesis, by activating its membrane receptors and the tyrosine kinase pathway. IGF-I influences oocyte maturation directly via the PI3 kinase pathway, independent of steroid hormones. Additionally, epidermal growth factor (EGF) promotes cell growth and differentiation by binding to its receptor (EGFR). It is implicated in mediating human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-induced DNA synthesis in ovarian follicles while suppressing apoptosis. The presence of EGF in follicle cells and oocytes, along with its higher expression in oocytes, suggests it may act as a paracrine signal regulating somatic cell activity. Recent studies indicate that the activin system in follicle cells could be a target for EGF activity. The EGFR signaling pathway enhances gonadotropin-induced steroidogenesis and governs the transition of oocyte maturation stages, essential for successful fertilization. This review synthesizes current research on the roles of gonadotropins, IGFs, and EGFs in fish oocyte maturation and ovarian steroid production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7880,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction Science","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 107663"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A review: Breeding behavior and management strategies for improving reproductive efficiency in bulls","authors":"Jennifer M. Pearson","doi":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review focuses on bull breeding behaviors and management strategies to improve reproductive efficiency. Breeding soundness evaluations are utilized to classify a bull’s physical ability and sperm quality, yet roughly 20 % of bulls fail to meet the minimum criteria. Furthermore, despite achieving the minimum criteria, few bulls in multi-sire breeding groups sire the majority of calves, indicating a need for better understanding of bull behavior that impact siring capacity, and thus, a bull’s reproductive efficiency. Several factors influence bull libido such as age, breed, and environmental conditions. Although service capacity tests have been used to measure libido, standardization and repeatability, along with variability in age and breed, can be problematic. Management in collection facilities largely focuses on the pre-stimulation of bulls through behavioral cues for better sperm quality and quantity during collection, thus improving a bull’s reproductive efficiency through fewer collections with increased breeding doses harvested. In management of multi-sire breeding groups, understanding social interactions, bull-to-female ratios, synchronization of females, and DNA testing to determine parentage, are techniques that can be utilized to improve reproductive efficiency. New research utilizing remote monitoring technology is being developed to better understand bull behavior without the constraints of direct observation. This technology may be used to predict siring capacity, better manage bulls based on social dynamics, and potentially detect lameness or injury in bulls that may impact siring capacity. A better understanding of developing management strategies of breeding behaviors should be further investigated to improve reproductive success of bulls.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7880,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction Science","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 107669"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natalie E. Calatayud , Leah Jacobs , Gina Della Togna , Cecilia J. Langhorne , Amanda C. Mullen , Rose Upton
{"title":"Hormonal induction and seasonal variation in male reproductive viability of the Southern Rocky Mountain boreal toad","authors":"Natalie E. Calatayud , Leah Jacobs , Gina Della Togna , Cecilia J. Langhorne , Amanda C. Mullen , Rose Upton","doi":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Southern Rocky Mountain boreal toad (<em>Anaxyrus boreas boreas</em>) depends on both the rearing of wild-collected egg masses and a long-standing conservation breeding program (CBP), the latter of which heavily relies on assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) to support wild populations. Achieving consistent reproductive success in the CBP, however, remains a significant challenge. Natural breeding has not led to a sustained increase in reproductive capacity, prompting the exploration of exogenous hormone treatments as an alternative strategy. This study specifically examined male responses to the administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a previously tested hormone, in combination with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-A), either individually or together, to evaluate their effects on sperm induction and viability across different seasons. Insights into how hormone treatments and seasonality influence sperm acquisition can guide managers in improving breeding outcomes within ex situ populations by enhancing their understanding of reproductive health, applying hormone treatments at the optimal time of year, and determining the best timing for high quality sperm collection. These advancements can increase reproductive capacity and support long-term genetic management through biobanking. Results indicated that combining hCG and GnRH-A yielded the highest sperm quantity and quality, although further optimization of hormone dosages could improve outcomes. Seasonal factors significantly influenced hormonal efficacy, with variations in sperm concentration and quality observed across months.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7880,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction Science","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 107678"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chuang Li , Butian Zhang , Minkyu Kim , Haixing Liu , Feiyang Yang , Ke Chen , Hongfeng Shi
{"title":"Atractylenolide Ⅲ partially alleviates tunicamycin-induced damage in porcine oocytes during in vitro maturation by reducing oxidative stress","authors":"Chuang Li , Butian Zhang , Minkyu Kim , Haixing Liu , Feiyang Yang , Ke Chen , Hongfeng Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is widely used to address infertility and enhance reproductive outcomes in livestock. Among various ART techniques, in vitro maturation (IVM) is commonly used to obtain high-quality oocytes but is susceptible to oxidative stress. In traditional Chinese medicine, <em>Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae</em> (Bai Zhu) is used to enhance maternal and fetal health. Atractylenolide Ⅲ (AⅢ), a major component of Bai Zhu, has shown both antioxidant properties and oxidative stress induction, leading to controversy. This study used porcine oocytes as a model to investigate the effects of AⅢ under tunicamycin (TM)-induced oxidative stress. During IVM, oocytes were treated with various concentrations of AⅢ and a constant dose of TM. AⅢ promoted oocyte maturation and cumulus cell expansion, with the optimal concentration being 1 mg/L. AⅢ reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, indicating reduced oxidative damage. Mitochondrial function and membrane potential (MMP) were preserved in AⅢ-treated oocytes. Additionally, AIII could alleviate TM-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as shown by decreased mRNA expression of ER stress markers. Following parthenogenetic activation (PA), AⅢ-treated oocytes exhibited increased cleavage and blastocyst formation rates with reduced apoptosis compared to the TM group. These findings suggest that AⅢ protects against oxidative stress, improving oocyte quality and developmental potential, with potential applications in ART.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7880,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction Science","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 107761"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142998803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shu-Ming Shi , Bing Hu , Zhi-Chao Chi , Lin-Yi Qu , Li-Ying Liu , Yu-Yan He , Guan-Lin Jia , Jing-Hang Li , Ilkeun Kong , Yong-Xun Jin , Xian-Feng Yu
{"title":"Role of MFN2 in bovine embryonic development and the mitigation of ER stress","authors":"Shu-Ming Shi , Bing Hu , Zhi-Chao Chi , Lin-Yi Qu , Li-Ying Liu , Yu-Yan He , Guan-Lin Jia , Jing-Hang Li , Ilkeun Kong , Yong-Xun Jin , Xian-Feng Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the role of mitochondrial fusion protein-2 (MFN2) in bovine embryonic development and its relationship with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, aiming to increase the efficiency of <em>in vitro</em> embryo culture. Western blot analysis revealed that MFN2 expression peaked at the 2-cell stage, decreased at the 4-cell stage, and gradually increased from the 6–8-cell stage to the blastocyst stage. Inhibiting MFN2 at the zygote stage reduced blastocyst formation and proliferation, and this damage was partially reversed by the ER stress protective agent TUDCA. MFN2 inhibition also led to the decreased formation of the inner cell mass (ICM) and reduced expression of the totipotent genes <em>CDX2</em> and <em>SOX2</em>. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased following MFN2 inhibition but decreased after TUDCA treatment. The expression of antioxidative stress-related genes (<em>SOD</em> and <em>CAT</em>) was downregulated after MFN2 inhibition but upregulated following TUDCA treatment. Furthermore, MFN2 inhibition reduced ER fluorescence intensity and increased the expression of UPR signaling markers (GRP78, XBP1, CHOP, <em>IRE1</em>, and <em>ATF6</em>), indicating increased ER stress. TUDCA administration reversed these effects, restoring MFN2 levels and reducing apoptosis. In conclusion, MFN2 is essential for bovine embryonic development because it regulates ER stress and maintains cell function, with MFN2 deficiency leading to developmental disorders and cell damage. ER stress protectors such as TUDCA can effectively mitigate these negative effects, highlighting a potential strategy for improving <em>in vitro</em> embryo culture efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7880,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction Science","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 107664"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanjin Zhu , Jun Yu , Qinhui Yang , Yumian Xie , Xupeng Li , Zhuo Chen , Yan Xiong , Wei Fu , Honghong He , Shi Yin , Daoliang Lan , Jian Li , Xianrong Xiong
{"title":"Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ improves the quality of low temperature-preserved yak semen via alleviating oxidative stress","authors":"Yanjin Zhu , Jun Yu , Qinhui Yang , Yumian Xie , Xupeng Li , Zhuo Chen , Yan Xiong , Wei Fu , Honghong He , Shi Yin , Daoliang Lan , Jian Li , Xianrong Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-temperature preservation of yak semen during transportation and conservation is crucial to accelerate yak breeding. The effects of low-temperature cooling on yak semen quality, however, are poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the dose-dependent effect of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant “MitoQ” on the motility, oxidative status, and mitochondrial function of yak semen during low-temperature preservation. Semen samples were collected from six adult healthy Maiwa yaks and preserved at 4 ℃ in semen extender containing 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 nM MitoQ, respectively. Firstly, the motility, membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, and abnormity index of yak spermatozoa were evaluated to determine the optimal MitoQ concentration. Next, the effect of MitoQ at the optimal concentration on spermatozoa antioxidant capacity, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and superoxide dismutase content (SOD) levels, as well as mitochondrial membrane potential were analyzed. Up to 96 h of low-temperature storage, 200 nM MitoQ showed the most optimal effect on motility, membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity (<em>P</em> < 0.05) but not on sperm morphology (<em>P</em> > 0.05). Also, 200 nM MitoQ markedly reduced yak spermatozoa ROS and MDA contents for up to 48 h of low-temperature storage (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Finally, 200 nM MitoQ significantly improved T-AOC, SOD, and mitochondrial membrane potential for up to 24, 48, and 72 h of low-temperature storage, respectively (<em>P</em> < 0.05). In summary, semen extender supplementation with 200 nM MitoQ is beneficial for low-temperature yak semen preservation via improving the oxidative status.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7880,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction Science","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 107680"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bangting Pan , Xupeng Li , Qinhui Yang , Yumian Xie , Zhuo Chen , Jun Yu , Honghong He , Yan Xiong , Wei Fu , Shi Yin , Daoliang Lan , Jian Li , Xianrong Xiong
{"title":"Exosomes derived from follicular fluid promote proliferation and suppress apoptosis of yak (Bos grunniens) granulosa cells by enhancing antioxidant capacity in vitro","authors":"Bangting Pan , Xupeng Li , Qinhui Yang , Yumian Xie , Zhuo Chen , Jun Yu , Honghong He , Yan Xiong , Wei Fu , Shi Yin , Daoliang Lan , Jian Li , Xianrong Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Follicular fluid exosomes (FFEs) play a crucial role in follicular growth and maturation. As the fundamental component of the ovarian follicle, granulosa cells (GCs) are instrumental in the development of follicles and oocytes. This study explored the effects of FFEs on the proliferation, apoptosis, and antioxidant activity of yak GCs. An <em>in vitro</em> oxidative stress damage model was established by treating GCs treated with hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>)<em>,</em> and tested their response to exosomes. The results showed that exosomes pretreatment markedly inhibited the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhanced the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD, CAT, and GSH, and up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of the antioxidant stress-related genes, including <em>SOD2</em>, <em>NFE2L2</em>, <em>GPX4</em>, and <em>CAT</em>. In addition, exosome pretreatment increased the mRNA and protein levels of proliferation-related genes, <em>PCNA</em>, <em>CDK4</em>, <em>CCND1</em>, and <em>CCNB1</em>, and down-regulated the apoptosis-related genes, <em>BAX</em>, <em>CASP3</em>, and <em>CASP8</em>, in GCs. Our findings support the hypothesis that exosomes derived from follicular fluid can notably reduce oxidative stress and apoptosis in yak GCs. This study provides basic data for elucidating the molecular mechanism of exosomes action, proposes a novel avenue for regulating follicular development and atresia, and paves the way for future research into ways to improve yak breeding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7880,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction Science","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 107790"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Omics approaches to understand impact of heat stress on semen quality and fertility in bovines","authors":"Meenakshi Chitkara , Ankita Gurao , Harsimran Kaur , Mahesh Shivanand Dige , Monika Sodhi , Manishi Mukesh , Ranjit Singh Kataria","doi":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent surge in global climate change poses unprecedented challenges to traditional livestock breeding methods. In tropical countries, where large bovines are vital source of meat and milk, the escalating global warming significantly impact their productivity. Central to this challenge is the resilient ability of the animals, which directly influences the productivity. Artificial insemination (AI) programs, a cornerstone in modern livestock production, have also been severely hampered by climate change-induced heat stress, affecting the quality semen production. This stress not only affects the blood biochemical profiles of the animals but also their testicular physiology, leading to the issues such as low-quality semen with compromised freezability and fertility. Researchers have identified specific markers, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), copy number variations (CNV), and epigenetic signatures like histone modifications, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNAs, influencing the semen quality in livestock species. Furthermore, the issue of heat stress has been addressed in a very precise way, and biomarkers have been identified, which can be integrated into the breeding programme to keep up the sire summary. Transcriptomic studies have further illuminated the temporal expression patterns of genes related to sperm quality during heat stress, pinpointing candidate genes for further exploration. This review comprehensively summarizes the progress made in understanding the intricacies of sperm biology in bovines, with a specific focus on cattle and buffalo delving into a spectrum of changes, from biochemical shifts to profound cellular alterations, including genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic modifications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7880,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction Science","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 107786"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143195069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nururshopa Eskander Shazada , Mohammad Abdul Momin Siddique , Songpei Zhang , Zhijun Ma , Marek Rodina , Zuzana Linhartová , Otomar Linhart
{"title":"Application of a practical method for short-term stored common carp sperm with extenders and quality adjustment before fertilization for breeding success","authors":"Nururshopa Eskander Shazada , Mohammad Abdul Momin Siddique , Songpei Zhang , Zhijun Ma , Marek Rodina , Zuzana Linhartová , Otomar Linhart","doi":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The main objective of this study was to elucidate whether there are any effects of sperm dilution time before short-term storage in common carp. The sperm of five males (2–2.5 kg body weight, 3 years old) with good spermatozoa motility (˃90 %) were diluted with carp extender immediately, 3 h post-diluted, and undiluted fresh sperm was used as control. Sperm motility and velocity of undiluted and diluted sperm were evaluated using a CASA system. A two-way ANOVA revealed that spermatozoa motility, curvilinear velocity (VCL), and straight-line velocity (VSL) were significantly impacted by storage time, varying dilution with extenders, and their interaction (p < 0.001). Sperm motility and velocity dropped steadily with increasing storage periods for diluted sperm, while they drastically fell for undiluted sperm and became immotile at 5 days post-storage. In the control group, the mean percentage of sperm motility was achieved by 40.60 % at 3 days post-storage and sperm diluted with Cejko solution immediately and 3 h post-diluted sperm retained motility at 65.13 % and 65.63 %, respectively, at 3 days post-storage and retained motility of 39.45 and 40.43 %, respectively, at 7 days post-storage. After 7 days post-storage, the diluted (immediately and 3 h post-diluted) pooled sperm had a 61.01 % and 56.70 % fertilization and a 43.40 % and 36.52 % hatching rate, whereas fresh sperm had an 89.34 % fertilization and 78.06 % hatching success. According to the results of the fertilization and hatching assay, compared to fresh sperm, 7 days of stored diluted pooled sperm produced a 68.29 % fertilization rate and a 55.60 % hatching rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7880,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction Science","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 107763"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}