The European Physical Journal B最新文献

{"title":"Visualizing phonon anharmonicity and confinement in nano- and non-crystalline germanium using Raman spectro-microscopy","authors":"Sharmistha Singh,&nbsp;Deb Kumar Rath,&nbsp;Shivam Kumar,&nbsp;Partha Sarathi Rout,&nbsp;Nikita Ahlawat,&nbsp;Shilpam Sharma,&nbsp;Anudeep Singh,&nbsp;Shekhar Chandra Pandey,&nbsp;Bhumika Sahu,&nbsp;Saumya Srivastava,&nbsp;Subin Kaladi Chondath,&nbsp;M. K. Chattopadhyay,&nbsp;Rajesh Kumar","doi":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-026-01262-8","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-026-01262-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of laser flux and temperature on the semiconducting properties of low-dimensional semiconductors helps to achieve innovative technological progress. This study provides a comprehensive analysis and understanding of the thermal response on the phonons present in amorphous germanium (<i>a</i>-Ge) and nano-crystalline germanium (<i>n</i>-Ge) through Raman spectroscopy and Raman microscopy. The <i>a</i>-Ge film was prepared using sputtering method and the <i>n</i>-Ge sample was obtained using the laser annealing process. Raman spectra and thermal Raman map from <i>n</i>-Ge show expected softening of the (confined) phonon modes and peak broadening with increasing temperature which is consistent with anharmonic theory revealing the presence of two- and three-phonon decay process therein. Two-phonon decay dominates at low temperatures, while three-phonon decay prevails at elevated temperatures. In the case of <i>a</i>-Ge, phonon softening is observed due to thermal expansion and anharmonicity present, but the temperature-dependent behavior of width (phonon lifetime) deviates significantly from the predictions of Balkanski’s theory due to the presence of disorder in the amorphous phase. Further the line width variation is irregular and random due to multiple phonon participation and non-compliance of momentum selection rule (i.e., they have poorly defined momentum) with different lifetimes in the Raman scattering process.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":787,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal B","volume":"99 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interplay of strain-induced axial gauge fields and intrinsic band-topology in the magnetoelectric conductivity of gapped nodal rings","authors":"Firdous Haidar,&nbsp;Muhammed Jaffar A.,&nbsp;Ipsita Mandal","doi":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-026-01238-8","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-026-01238-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We compute the magnetoelectric conductivity of a semimetal hosting an ideal gapped nodal ring (GNR) in three distinct planar-Hall configurations, in the simultaneous presence of an external electric field <span>(varvec{E})</span>, a magnetic field <span>(varvec{B})</span>, and a strain-induced axial pseudomagnetic field <span>(varvec{B}_5)</span>. The latter arises from a non-uniform lattice deformation and couples to antipodal points on the toroidal Fermi surface with opposite signs, reflecting its chiral nature. Extending our earlier analysis to include <span>(varvec{B}_5)</span>, we demonstrate how its vortex-like field lines – co-aligned with the Berry curvature (BC) and orbital magnetic moment (OMM) – imprint qualitatively distinct signatures on the conductivity tensor. In particular, this alignment causes the dot product of <span>(varvec{B}_5)</span> with the BC or OMM-induced quantities to be angle-independent on the Fermi surface, generating a non-vanishing integral linear-in-<span>(B_5)</span>, which is not possible for isotropic nodal points harbouring BC-monopoles. We show that a part of the planar-Hall conductivity in the first set-up remains completely immune to strain, providing a strain-insensitive internal reference for topological transport. Our explicit analytical expressions offer concrete and experimentally-testable predictions for identifying strain-induced signatures in transport measurements on GNR materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":787,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal B","volume":"99 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Van Hemmen interactions in a one-dimensional swarmalator model","authors":"Kevin O’Keeffe","doi":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-026-01250-y","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-026-01250-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We study a one-dimensional swarmalator model with van Hemmen pair disorder in the phase coupling. Pair disorder has two effects. First, it splits the static ring-model states into sync, split, splay, and phase-wave branches organized by the rainbow order parameters <i>r</i>, <i>s</i> and four sign-weighted glass order parameters. Second, because the oscillators move, it creates active macrostates absent from the immobile Kuramoto–van Hemmen model: a bursty active async state and a glassy phase wave carrying sign-weighted order in its spread sector. For balanced sign patterns we derive a six-field reduction, a closed first split branch with its first spatial destabilization, and an exact antiphase phase-wave branch. The finite-<i>N</i> sync boundary is obtained for an arbitrary sign draw, and for iid signs it depends on the disorder only through the sign overlap, giving a closed-form threshold distribution whose systematic shift is <span>(O(N^{-1}))</span> and whose scatter is <span>(O(N^{-1/2}).)</span> Large iid ensembles preserve the state ordering and converge onto the balanced branches. The two active regions are bounded by the async rainbow threshold in the mean coupling and are unbounded in the disorder strength. The remaining challenge is a non-linear theory of the two active branches.</p>","PeriodicalId":787,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal B","volume":"99 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149034875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical mode-guided continuation and branch-preserving physics-informed computation of transversely modulated traveling kinks","authors":"Fenghua Qi,&nbsp;Zhenbin Qi,&nbsp;Xiaoyue Zhang","doi":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-026-01256-6","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-026-01256-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A dissipative <span>((3+1))</span>-dimensional extended fourth-order shallow-water-wave equation is studied mainly by means of the Hirota bilinear method, together with numerical continuation and physics-informed neural network applications. By introducing a dependent-variable transformation, the equation is reduced to a Hirota bilinear form, from which one-solitary-wave, two-solitary-wave, breather, and rogue-wave-type rational solutions are obtained. Based on the one-solitary-wave kink solution, an analytical transverse critical mode is derived at <span>(delta _c=-3/16)</span>, and a family of transversely modulated traveling kink states is calculated by the Chebyshev–Fourier continuation method. A two-stage initial value iterative neural network is further constructed, and branch-preserving constraints are introduced to suppress the drift toward neighboring solutions. Under the same training budget, the proposed method reduces the mean relative <span>(L_2)</span> error from <span>(0.1375pm 0.0390)</span> to <span>(0.0350pm 0.0116)</span>, while recovering the prescribed transverse amplitude more accurately. Dynamical perturbation experiments further indicate an early snake-type instability of the calculated modulated kink. These results might be of some value for the nonlinear dynamic modeling and evolution mechanisms of shallow-water waves.</p><p>Schematic overview of the Hirota exact solutions, critical-mode-guided bifurcation analysis, branch-preserving physics-informed neural computation, and the resulting transversely modulated kink dynamics </p>","PeriodicalId":787,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal B","volume":"99 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149034724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indium incorporation effects on AlAs: insights into stability, mechanical, optical and thermoelectric performance from ab initio calculations","authors":"Sonia Chebouki,&nbsp;Ouarda Nemiri,&nbsp;Faycal Oumelaz,&nbsp;Djamel Boudjaadar,&nbsp;Rabab Benredouane,&nbsp;Nesrine Louati,&nbsp;Wissem Gouasmia","doi":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-026-01251-x","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-026-01251-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method within density functional theory (DFT), we systematically investigated the structural, electronic, mechanical, optical, and thermoelectric properties of binary AlAs, InAs and ternary In_xAl_1−xAs alloys (x = 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75). The structural optimization using the WC-GGA approximation confirmed that the zinc-blende phase is the most stable structure for all studied compositions. The computed lattice constant increases from 5.67 Å for AlAs to 6.09 Å for InAs, while the bulk modulus decreases with increasing In concentration from71.61 GPa for AlAs to 55.88 GPa for InAs. The electronic band structure analysis using KTB-mBJ, TB-mBJ and EV-GGA exchange potentials reveals an indirect to direct band gap transition with increasing indium concentration, accompanied by a gradual reduction in the band gap energy, making them promising candidates for optoelectronic and infrared applications. The calculated band gaps using the KTB-mBJ approach are ranged from 2.14 eV for AlAs to 0.61 eV for InAs. Mechanical investigations confirm that all studied compounds satisfy the Born stability criteria and exhibit brittle behavior with considerable elastic anisotropy and a clear decrease in stiffness and hardness as the indium content increases. Optical analysis results demonstrate strong absorption UV regions, along with a redshift in the absorption edge for all alloys, indicating their potential for a wide range of advanced optoelectronic technologies. The thermoelectric results confirm positive Seebeck coefficients for all compounds, indicating p-type semiconducting characteristics, in addition AlAs reaches the highest ZT value close to 0.79. These findings affirm the strong potential of the studied ternary alloys in thermoelectric devices. Moreover, the favorable thermoelectric and optoelectronic characteristics of these alloys indicate their potential for energy-efficient technologies, including waste-heat recovery, infrared optoelectronics, and photovoltaic energy conversion.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":787,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal B","volume":"99 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148986874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inverse scattering transform for a defocusing local–nonlocal Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel equation under nonzero boundary conditions: N-soliton solutions and asymptotic analysis","authors":"Xi-Yang Xie,&nbsp;Si Li,&nbsp;Zhong Du","doi":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-026-01249-5","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-026-01249-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we present the inverse scattering transform for a defocusing local–nonlocal Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel equation under nonzero boundary conditions. By characterizing the analytic and symmetric properties of the Jost eigenfunctions and scattering data, an adjoint spectral problem with auxiliary eigenfunctions is introduced, thereby constructing a matrix Riemann–Hilbert formula. In particular, the reverse-space nonlocal reduction introduces an additional spectral symmetry, resulting in coupling relations among the eigenfunctions, scattering data and norming constants. The residue conditions, trace formula and theta condition are then obtained for scattering data with an arbitrary number of simple zeros. When the reflection coefficients vanish, the Riemann–Hilbert problem is reduced to a linear algebraic system, from which determinant form of the <i>N</i>-soliton solutions is derived. Then, several types of localized waves are derived, including dark solitons generated by on-circle eigenvalues, beating solitons associated with off-circle quartets, and dark-beating interactions under suitable spectral constraints. In addition, the asymptotic behaviors are investigated for two typical interaction patterns, namely the interaction between two beating solitons and the interaction among one non-propagating dark soliton and two moving dark solitons. The asymptotic analysis shows that corresponding solutions are characterized by different asymptotic solutions in distinct regions. Moreover, off-circle eigenvalue quartets and on-circle eigenvalues generate different asymptotic wave structures, yielding abundant interaction patterns. These results enrich our understanding of the nonlinear wave dynamics arising from the nonzero background, reverse-space nonlocality and higher-order effects.</p><p>Inverse scattering transform for the defocusing local–nonlocal Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel equation with nonzero boundary conditions. <b>A</b> Construction of the Riemann–Hilbert problem and reflection less soliton solutions. <b>B</b> Symmetric discrete spectrum for the mixed interaction shown in (C). <b>C</b> Interaction of dark solitons with a localized beating structure. <b>D</b> Classification of soliton structures according to the location of discrete eigenvalues relative to the spectral circle. <b>E</b> Comparison of exact and asymptotic profiles before and after interaction</p>","PeriodicalId":787,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal B","volume":"99 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148986872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gradient-based spatially weighted physics-informed convolutional recurrent network for solving discrete integrable equations","authors":"Jianbo Cheng,&nbsp;Li Cheng,&nbsp;Chengze Hong,&nbsp;Junchao Chen","doi":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-026-01255-7","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-026-01255-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the continuous advancement of artificial intelligence technology, physics-informed neural networks, a class of machine learning techniques enabling deep integration of neural networks with physical information, have exerted a profound impact on scientific computing. Due to the core advantages of convolutional neural networks, including parameter sharing, reduced neuron requirements, and drastically shortened training time, physics-informed convolutional recurrent network (PhyCRNet) has been developed. In this study, we propose a gradient-based adaptive spatially weighted PhyCRNet (GSW-PhyCRNet), where gradient information is utilized to guide adaptive spatial refinement, enabling the model to capture local spatial features and improve the fitting precision of physical constraints. This designed strategy assigns adaptively different weights to regions according to gradient differences, facilitating the neural network to accurately identify spatial characteristics in large-gradient regions. To verify the validity and performance of the GSW-PhyCRNet algorithm, numerical experiments are conducted on three types of discrete integrable equations with different components, including the discrete modified Korteweg–De Vries equation, Volterra-type nonlinear network equations, and semi-discrete coupled integrable dispersionless equations. By comparing the absolute and mean squared errors between the predicted and reference solutions of one and two solitons for three discrete integrable equations, we systematically analyze the training efficiency and computational performance of the GSW-PhyCRNet against the original PhyCRNet. These results demonstrate that the proposed GSW-PhyCRNet exhibits a significant improvement in training efficiency and prediction accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":787,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal B","volume":"99 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148986873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase stability, charge ordering, and charge-liquid formation in the Falicov–Kimball model on triangular and kagome lattices","authors":"Ammar Nejati,&nbsp;Marvin Lenk","doi":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-026-01245-9","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-026-01245-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present a systematic investigation of the stability of the phase diagram of the spinless Falicov–Kimball model on two-dimensional non-bipartite lattices, the triangular and kagome lattices, using Markov-chain Monte Carlo simulations. Three filling or chemical potential conditions are examined: fixed chemical potentials (<span>(mu _f = mu _c = U/2)</span>), “generalized” half-filling (<span>(bar{n}_f = 1/3)</span>, <span>(bar{n}_c = 2/3)</span>), and conventional half-filling (<span>(bar{n}_f = bar{n}_c = 1/2)</span>). For each condition, the effects of a perturbatively small next-nearest-neighbor hopping are studied. On the triangular lattice, Anderson insulator, Mott insulator, and charge-density wave (CDW) phases are found in all cases, with the CDW driven by Coulomb interaction-mediated nesting. Evidence for a charge-liquid regime is found in the region between the weakly correlated regime and the CDW, characterized by competing charge-ordering wavevectors and the absence of universal scaling behavior, whose extent shrinks progressively from the grand-canonical to the conventional half-filling condition. On the kagome lattice, the CDW phase is completely absent; instead, an insulating ground state, plausibly of the Mott type, is found, with signatures of a possible quantum phase transition at zero temperature. Our results establish the crucial role of lattice geometry and particle-hole symmetry breaking in shaping the phase diagram of correlated electron systems.</p><p>The 2d triangular lattice (left) and the 2d kagome lattice (right) with their unit cells highlighted. Bottom: The corresponding phase diagram of the Falicov-Kimball model (FKM) on each lattice, illustrating the non-Fermi liquid (nFL), charge-density wave (CDW), Anderson insulator (AI) and Mott insulator (MI) regimes.</p>","PeriodicalId":787,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal B","volume":"99 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjb/s10051-026-01245-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148986773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamical characteristics of a higher dimensional model of magnetized Rossby waves in the ionospheric E-layer and modulational instability analysis","authors":"Yanshang Li,&nbsp;Xiaojun Yin,&nbsp;Ruigang Zhang,&nbsp;Quansheng Liu","doi":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-026-01254-8","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-026-01254-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rossby waves are important large-scale dynamic wave modes in geophysical fluids. In the ionospheric E-region, magnetized Rossby waves significantly modulate plasma motion through nonlinear coupling with neutral winds and the dynamo process. Thus, they play an important role in the evolution of ionospheric dynamics. This study focuses on the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of magnetized Rossby waves. Using the geomagnetically corrected quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity theory, multi-scale perturbation expansion, and coordinate transformation, we derive the (2+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation. The Hirota bilinear method is used to solve this equation, obtaining breather-type traveling wave solutions. Rogue wave solutions are further constructed via the homoclinic breather limit method. Modulational instability analysis confirms that the real constant background steady-state solution is linearly stable. Numerical simulations are performed to plot amplitude evolution, two-dimensional distributions, and flow field evolutions of the solutions under different background flows. The influences of the <span>(beta )</span> effect and the geomagnetic latitudinal gradient effect on the flow field evolution of the two solutions are also investigated. Results show that breather-type traveling waves have stable periodic oscillation and directional propagation. Rogue waves exhibit obvious spatiotemporal localization, with sudden amplitude amplification and rapid attenuation. Variations in the <span>(beta )</span> effect and geomagnetic latitudinal gradient effect trigger changes in the generalized Rossby parameter, which substantially modulates the evolution of the two types of wave motions. This study clarifies the nonlinear propagation laws and coherent structure characteristics of magnetized Rossby waves, providing important theoretical support for ionospheric wave dynamics research and space weather prediction.</p>","PeriodicalId":787,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal B","volume":"99 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148986772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-precipitation synthesis of CdO nanoparticles: investigation of structural, optical, and thermal properties","authors":"Devangini S. Trivedi,&nbsp;Sunil H. Chaki,&nbsp;Jolly B. Raval,&nbsp;Sefali R. Patel,&nbsp;Jiten P. Tailor,&nbsp;Milind P. Deshpande","doi":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-026-01247-7","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-026-01247-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metal oxides are widely studied due to their simple synthesis routes and potent applications in gas sensing, photocatalysis, and energy storage. In this work, cadmium oxide (CdO) nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized by simple co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of a cubic crystalline structure. Crystallite size, stress, and strain are estimated using multiple models, including Scherrer, Williamson–Hall, Size–Strain Plot, and Halder–Wagner to ensure reliability. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis revealed a slightly Cd-deficient and O-rich composition. Scanning electron microscopy images showed agglomerated clusters with predominantly spherical morphology, further supported by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Optical properties are studied using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy which showed a direct bandgap of 1.83 eV. The thermal decomposition behavior of CdO NPs is investigated from ambient temperature to 800 K under an inert N₂ atmosphere at multiple heating rates. Kinetic parameters, including activation energy (Eₐ), Arrhenius constant (A), change in entropy (ΔS^*), change in enthalpy (ΔH^*), and Gibbs free energy (ΔG^*), are determined using the Kissinger method. The obtained results are thoroughly discussed in the subsequent sections of the manuscript.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":787,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal B","volume":"99 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148986229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}