Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts最新文献

{"title":"Development and evaluation of an alginate-based cream formulation from Sargassum vulgare: Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and safety assessments","authors":"Nebahat Aytuna Çerçi ,&nbsp;Betül Aydın ,&nbsp;Mehmet Naz ,&nbsp;Selin Sayın ,&nbsp;Erdi Can Aytar ,&nbsp;Şerife Akküçük ,&nbsp;Ali Osman Kılıç","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the potential of alginate extracted from <em>Sargassum vulgare</em> as a multifunctional ingredient in cosmetic formulations, emphasizing its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and safety properties. Alginate was extracted and characterized, then incorporated into a topical cream formulation. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the microdilution method against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, and <em>Candida albicans</em>. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined as 0.31 mg/mL for <em>S. aureus</em> and <em>Bacillus cereus</em>, while <em>P. aeruginosa</em> exhibited the highest susceptibility with a minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 0.63 mg/mL. The antioxidant potential of alginate was assessed through DPPH and iron chelating assays, yielding IC₅₀ values of 13.63 mg/mL and 0.26 mg/mL, respectively. The microbiological challenge test demonstrated that the alginate-based cream formulation significantly inhibited microbial growth, notably eliminating <em>S. aureus</em> by day 7 and <em>E. coli</em> by day 28. Cytotoxicity evaluations on L929 fibroblast cells confirmed the biocompatibility of the alginate-based cream, with a higher cell viability rate (56.22 % at 1 mg/mL) compared to the standard preservative-containing formulation (35.85 %). Molecular docking studies revealed that alginate interacts with <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> Sortase A (1T2W) with a binding energy of −5.9 kcal/mol and an inhibition constant of 47.7 μM, suggesting a potential mechanism for its antibacterial effects. These findings support the application of alginate from <em>S. vulgare</em> in cosmetic formulations, providing a natural and sustainable alternative with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and protective properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 104110"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical characterization and integration of approaches in algal cultivation systems for enhanced mass transfer","authors":"Peter Ofuje Obidi,&nbsp;David J. Bayless","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Algal cultivation systems offer promising pathways for sustainable biofuel production, wastewater remediation, and carbon sequestration; however, their performance is frequently constrained by suboptimal mass transfer. Chemical approaches and integrative optimization techniques are essential for enhancing mass transfer in algal cultivation systems. These strategies address the inherent variability in mathematical models and chemical kinetics across different cultivation designs, algal strains, nutrient compositions, and environmental conditions. The effectiveness of these applications relies on maximizing the exchange of key substances such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), oxygen, nutrients, and metabolic byproducts between algal cells and their surrounding medium. This present review systematically examines core chemical processes, including nutrient uptake dynamics, pH buffering, and CO₂ fixation. These processes are evaluated using representative mathematical models, such as Michaelis–Menten kinetics and the Monod equation, which reflect variability introduced by system architecture, species-specific physiology, and environmental conditions. The paper explores how the integration of chemical treatments with mechanical strategies, including aeration, mixing, and light distribution, can enhance mass transfer performance. It emphasizes that the effectiveness of these interventions depends on empirically derived kinetic parameters tailored to individual system requirements. The evaluation discusses the challenges, limitations, and future directions in analyzing algae systems, highlighting the importance of advanced modeling methods and interdisciplinary collaboration. Special attention is given to the context-dependent nature of mass transfer coefficients and reaction kinetics. This review synthesizes current knowledge to support the development of sustainable, scalable algal technologies through tailored, system-specific solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104102"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics and secondary pollution risk assessment of heavy metals during Sargassum polycystum floating and decomposing process","authors":"Yuzhong Fu,&nbsp;Jinling Li,&nbsp;Sunlin Fu,&nbsp;Yunquan Wu,&nbsp;Wenhui Yu,&nbsp;Songguang Xie,&nbsp;Hongtian Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Sargassum</em> ranks among the most prolific seaweed species in coastal regions across the globe. Its swift biomass accumulation is predominantly propelled by heightened nutrient concentrations. In coastal waters, a substantial amount of <em>Sargassum</em> has amassed and undergone decomposition, resulting in the release of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and heavy metals into the environment, thereby exerting detrimental effects on coastal habitats. The present study implemented a 72-day laboratory controlled experiment utilizing litter bag technology to simulate the floating stage of <em>S. polycystum</em>. The results showed that the decomposition rate of the low-density <em>S. polycystum</em> group was significantly higher than that of the medium-density, high-density, natural, dried, and frozen <em>S. polycystum</em> groups. The heavy metals contents of <em>S. polycystum</em> were in the following order: Fe &gt; Zn &gt; Mn &gt; As &gt; Cr &gt; Cu &gt; Ni &gt; Pb &gt; Cd &gt; Se. Fe predominantly exhibits a release effect (<em>MAI</em> &lt; 100 %). In contrast, Zn, Mn, and Se primarily demonstrate an accumulation effect (<em>MAI</em> &gt; 100 %), As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Ni display both release and accumulation effects concurrently. At least Fe (35.12 %–50.22 %), Cd (30.76 %–49.44 %), Ni (4.63 %–6.37 %), Cu (2.51 %–10.71 %), Cr (75.64 %–92.3 %), As (17.44 %–20.02 %), and Pb (37.09 %) in <em>S. polycystum</em> were released back to the water. The C contents during the decomposition process of <em>S. polycystum</em> were stably maintained, the N and P contents increased during the experiment. The present study revealed the decomposition characteristics of <em>S. polycystum</em> and its environmental impact, providing a theoretical basis for marine ecological environmental protection of seaweed bed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 104104"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cladophora-based magnetic nanocomposites for eco-friendly wastewater treatment: Removal of dyes and oil","authors":"Arash Larki ,&nbsp;Elahe Nasiri ,&nbsp;Kianoush Sedagheh ,&nbsp;Mahnaz Jalilian","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for clean water and the continuous contamination caused by dyes and oil spills necessitate the development of efficient and eco-friendly remediation technologies. In this study, bio-based magnetic nanocomposites derived from Cladophora algae were synthesized and applied for the removal of organic pollutants from aqueous solutions. The synthesized materials, Cladophora@CoFe and Cladophora@CoFe-DA, were developed as sustainable adsorbents, leveraging the abundant and renewable biomass of Cladophora algae to provide a cost-effective and green approach to water purification. The adsorption behavior of these nanocomposites was systematically investigated by evaluating their efficiency in removing dye and oil pollutants under optimized conditions. The Cladophora@CoFe nanocomposite exhibited remarkable efficiency in removing methylene blue dye, achieving a removal rate exceeding 86.1 %, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 64.5 mg g⁻¹. Meanwhile, Cladophora@CoFe-DA exhibited outstanding oil absorption due to its enhanced hydrophobicity, attributed to decanoic acid functionalization. The synthesized nanocomposites were thoroughly characterized using FTIR, PXRD, FESEM, EDX, MAP, VSM, and TGA, confirming their structural and magnetic properties. Furthermore, the practical applicability of these nanocomposites was validated through adsorption tests in real water samples, reinforcing their potential for large-scale wastewater treatment applications. These bio-inspired nanocomposites provide a sustainable, efficient, and easily recoverable solution for removing organic pollutants, making them highly suitable for industrial and environmental applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104107"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of analytical techniques for characterizing phlorotannins in brown seaweeds: Current challenges and future prospects","authors":"Azizollah Najibi,&nbsp;Thamani Freedom Gondo,&nbsp;Charlotta Turner","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phlorotannins, the polyphenols mostly found in brown seaweeds, have attracted high attention from the pharmaceutical industry in recent years due to their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. These properties make them desirable to be utilized in a wide range of therapeutics. Despite their importance, several challenges make their extractability and identification complex, for example, the unavailability of standards and their presence at low concentrations in seaweed matrices. This study reviews the analytical techniques utilized for the characterization of phlorotannins, highlights the associated challenges, and suggests potential solutions to overcome these challenges and improve the precision and reliability of phlorotannin analysis in future studies. Despite the longstanding use of conventional solid-liquid extraction (SLE) for the extraction of phlorotannin, recent studies have shifted toward more environmentally sustainable techniques. This study also highlights the critical importance of selective multi-step purification in improving the measured total phlorotannin content (TPC) and the number of identified phlorotannins by effectively removing interfering matrices, such as lipids and proteins. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) have proven successful in the tentative identification of phlorotannins. However, achieving the highest level of identification confidence remains challenging due to the unavailability of standards. For quantification, the 2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (DMBA) assay and quantitative NMR technique offer greater precision and specificity for phlorotannins, whereas the Folin–Ciocalteu (F<img>C) assay tends to overestimate phlorotannin content due to quantifying other phenolic compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 104105"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the potential of freshwater filamentous algae as a promising alternative source of essential fatty acids and bioactive carotenoids","authors":"Atiqur Rahaman,&nbsp;Dieter Hanelt,&nbsp;Klaus von Schwartzenberg,&nbsp;Abdelfatah Abomohra","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing a sustainable and cost-effective food source enriched with essential fatty acids (EFAs) and other bioactive compounds, while minimizing the environmental impact, remains a significant challenge nowadays. In that regard, filamentous algae can be harvested more easily and at a lower cost compared to unicellular microalgae, making large-scale production of biomass and bioactive compounds more eco-friendly. The present study explores the potential of freshwater filamentous algae as a promising source for value-added products, particularly EFAs and bioactive pigments. The study involved an initial screening of 91 filamentous algae strains from the Microalgae and Zygnematophyceae Collection Hamburg (MZCH) to identify isolates with high growth rate. Eleven promising candidates were selected for further biochemical evaluation. Cell dimensions showed 5.8–117.2 μm length and 6.4–56.7 μm width. This variability in cell size enhances their suitability for specific applications, such as textile industry, where larger filaments can be directly utilized in producing bio-based fibers, yarns and fabrics. Among the studied algae, <em>Oedogonium foveolatum</em> and <em>Spirogyra</em> sp. #771 showed the highest biomass concentration (dry weight) of 0.70 and 0.67 g L⁻¹, respectively. Regarding value-added products, <em>Hyalotheca dissiliens</em> showed the highest carbohydrate content of 56.4 ± 2.32 % of dry weight (dw%), while <em>Mougeotiopsis calospora</em> showed the highest protein content of 48.0 ± 2.19 dw%. <em>Klebsormidum nitens</em> showed the highest total bioactive carotenoids (tBC) content of 11.5 ± 0.05 mg g⁻¹ dw and the highest tBC concentration of 4.03 ± 0.16 mg L⁻¹. Interestingly, <em>Groenbladia neglecta</em> stood out with the highest recorded lipid content of 34.4 ± 1.59 dw% and EFAs content of 14.3 ± 0.46 dw%. It also achieved a balanced ω-6/ω-3 ratio of 3.57 ± 0.03, which is optimal for dietary applications. The present study suggests <em>G. neglecta</em> under the mentioned growth conditions as a promising candidate for developing sustainable EFA-rich food sources, warranting further research and development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104100"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144137690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alkaline phosphatase-coupled high affinity phosphate transporters were involved in low phosphorus stress responding in Pyropia yezoensis","authors":"Xianrong Gao ,&nbsp;Chao Tian ,&nbsp;Shurui Wang ,&nbsp;Menglin Guo ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Niu ,&nbsp;Guangce Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphate (Pi) often becomes a limiting nutrient in oceans, particularly in macroalgae aquaculture areas. More importantly, the continuous increase of <em>Pyropia yezoensis</em> cultivation density has exacerbated Pi deficiency issues. This study used transcriptome analysis of <em>Py. yezoensis</em> seedlings under low-Pi conditions and identified the gene <em>PyALP</em>, an alkaline phosphatase, which was significantly upregulated. Through Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and Pearson correlation, <em>PyPHO89</em>, a Pi transporter gene, and six transcription factors were co-expressed with <em>PyALP</em>. Bioinformatics predictions indicated that PyALP belongs to a PhoA type enzyme. However, the molecular structures of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) and anchor the N-terminal glycine were not detected, suggesting that PyALP is confined to the microenvironment between the cell wall and plasma membrane, where it hydrolyzes dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP). PyPHO89 was predicted to be a high-affinity symporter for inorganic phosphorus uptake. Promoter analysis revealed Myb binding sites in both <em>PyALP</em> and <em>PyPHO89</em>. Among the screened potential transcription factor genes, only <em>Py08914</em> possessed a conserved SHLQKYR motif and a glutamine-rich C-terminal sequence, which are characteristic of a typical Pi deficiency-responsive transcription factor. Quantitative RT-PCR showed upregulation of <em>PyALP</em> and <em>PyPHO89</em> after 6 h of Pi-starvation, and expression of <em>Py08914</em> peaked in the first 2–4 h of starvation. This implies that the hydrolysis of DOP and uptake of phosphorus are co-regulated by the Myb transcription factor. PyALP activity increased with Pi-starvation and both phosphoesters and phosphonates could be used with similar efficiency. This is the first report regarding the Pi-deficiency response mechanism in <em>Py. yezoensis</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 104101"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of cultivar selection, cultivation region and harvest timing on the structure and properties of carbohydrates from Saccharina japonica","authors":"Mingjie Tian ,&nbsp;Yueqi Kong ,&nbsp;Delin Duan ,&nbsp;Soon-Mi Shim ,&nbsp;Xiaoting Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study aimed to explore the difference of yields, structures, and functions of three carbohydrates in <em>Saccharina japonica</em> (<em>S. japonica</em>), considering the differences of cultivars of Haiza (the northern cultivar) and Puke (the southern cultivar), cultivation regions (the north, the south, and the transplanted Puke from south to north), and harvesting times during their whole cultivation. The yield of mannitol was significantly higher in samples cultivated in the north region (5.07–27.82 %) compared to those from the south (2.34–3.37 %), and for both cultivars the optimal yield was in May and June. The molecular weight of alginate was lower in Puke but higher in both Haiza and the transplanted Puke. The mannuronate/guluronate ratio of alginate noticeably deceased from levels of 2.28–2.40 to levels of 1.68–1.93 after transplantation Puke from the south to north, which indicated the possible upregulation of the expression of genes encoding mannuronate C5-epimerases in colder temperature cultivation. Meanwhile, different fucoidan samples showed diverse monosaccharide composition, sulfate content, sulfation positions, and antioxidant activities. Fucoidans from Haiza showed better ABTS and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability. The correlation analysis indicated that the fucose content was positively correlated with ABTS radical scavenging ability (<em>R</em> = 0.576), while fucose and sulfate group contents were negatively correlated with the hydroxyl radical scavenging ability (<em>R</em> = 0.581 and <em>R</em> = 0.829). Overall, this study deepened the understanding of carbohydrates diversity in <em>S. japonica</em> and provided a scientific foundation for optimizing its cultivation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104106"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The combined effect of phosphorus forms and zinc on arsenic toxicity and bioaccumulation in Phaeodactylum tricornutum","authors":"Jiandi Li ,&nbsp;Liping Jia ,&nbsp;Yongqiang Tian ,&nbsp;Xiaohuang Chen ,&nbsp;Fengjiao Liu ,&nbsp;Xuguang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae employ transporter proteins that are shared arsenate (As(V)) to efficiently uptake phosphate (dissolved inorganic phosphorus, DIP). Additionally, zinc-activated enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (AP), drive the dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) assimilation, thereby intricately linking the dynamics of zinc (Zn), phosphorus (P), and As(V). This study investigated the effects of two distinct P forms (DOP and DIP) and Zn levels on the toxicity and bioaccumulation of As(V) in <em>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</em>. The results showed that <em>P. tricornutum</em> showed a marked decrease in chlorophyll <em>a</em> (Chl <em>a</em>), maximal photochemical efficiency of Photosystem II (Fv/fm) parameter for plant stress detection, and cell density in DOP cultures compared with DIP cultures. However, the supplementation of Zn alleviated the development of <em>P. tricornutum</em> in DOP conditions. Furthermore, the results also indicated that the 96-h EC₅₀ values of As(V) toxicity in <em>P. tricornutum</em> was enhanced by DOP, but the addition of Zn alleviates this effect. Moreover, the intracellular As of <em>P. tricornutum</em> was reduced by 35.79 %, and 36.80 % in DOP+Zn culture compared to DOP culture at 0.05, and 0.1 μmol·L⁻¹ As(V) exposures, respectively. However, there were no significant differences between Zn additions to the growth and intracellular As of <em>P. tricornutum</em> in DIP conditions. These results suggest that DOP enhances As toxicity in microalgae, but Zn can significantly attenuate the toxicity and bioaccumulation of As in microalgae under DOP, thereby impacting the cycling of As in marine ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104097"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of heavy metal tolerance and lipid accumulation in Euglena gracilis under Cd stress by γ-aminobutyric acid: A physiological, biochemical, and metabolomic study","authors":"Chao Li ,&nbsp;Ke Xu ,&nbsp;Mengzhe Du ,&nbsp;Ming Du ,&nbsp;Zixi Chen ,&nbsp;Qiong Liu ,&nbsp;Hui Zhu ,&nbsp;Liqing Zhao ,&nbsp;Jiangxin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Euglena gracilis</em> (<em>E. gracilis</em>) is a unicellular eukaryotic photosynthetic protist without cell wall. As a model organism, it has been extensively studied in endosymbiosis, chloroplast development, environmental bioremediation, and high-value product synthesis. Heavy metal pollution, such as cadmium (Cd) stress, is prevalent and induces high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in microalgae, leading to oxidative stress, reduced photosynthetic efficiency, and inhibited growth. This study explored the application of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a plant hormone-like substance, to enhance heavy metal tolerance in <em>E. gracilis</em> under Cd stress, aiming to increase the accumulation of high-value by-products such as lipids. As previously studied, our findings also showed that Cd stress significantly inhibited <em>E. gracilis</em> growth and pigment accumulation. However, it is worth noting that our results showed that exogenous GABA addition improved cell counts, lipid content, protein content and pigment content. GABA also significantly increased glutathione (GSH) content. Notably, Metabolomic analysis revealed that Cd stress shifted <em>E. gracilis</em> energy storage from carbohydrates to lipids and proteins, and exogenous GABA addition further enhanced this trend. These results suggest that GABA play a significant role in increasing lipid accumulation and enhancing Cd tolerance in <em>E. gracilis</em>, providing an economical and eco-friendly strategy for lipid production and Cd adsorption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104098"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144088790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}