Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts最新文献

{"title":"Domestic sewage management for elevated phenol and surfactant levels using Algal Bacterial Consortia (ABC) in a hybrid moving bed membrane bioreactor (MBMBR) system","authors":"Waseem Raja,&nbsp;Pratik Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, significant shifts have been witnessed in water, sanitation, and hygiene practices, leading to notable increases in phenol and surfactant concentrations, particularly in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. This research proposes a novel solution – an Algal Bacterial Consortia (ABC) integrated within a hybrid Moving Bed Membrane Bioreactor (MBMBR) system for treating sewage with elevated phenol and surfactant levels. The system demonstrated an average removal efficiency exceeding 90 % for common pollutants in the influent, including ammonia (~70 mg/L), nitrate (~40 mg/L), and chemical oxygen demand (~750 mg/L), all achieved within a short hydraulic retention time of &lt;6 h. It achieved average removal rates of approximately 90 % for surfactants and 87 % for phenols. The integration of algae in the ABC system significantly reduced dependence on external aeration, as indicated by dissolved oxygen levels. This enhancement highlights the potential of algae to substantially lower operational costs. The system's resilience was evaluated under various conditions, from intrinsic to harsh environments, and compared to non-ABC systems to ascertain the role of algae in making the system resilient to high pollutant loads. Toxicological studies using the MTT assay further confirmed the non-toxic nature of the treated wastewater. The research further proposes the degradation pathways of phenols and surfactants via mass spectrometry to analyze the persistence of their byproducts. SEM revealed distinct morphological differences between ABC and conventional heterotrophic sludge. EDS further highlighted the contrasting elemental composition between the heterotopic and ABC sludge. FTIR analysis provided insights into the chemical properties of the ABC sludge and heterotrophic sludge. This study demonstrates the scientific value of integrating algal-bacterial consortia for wastewater treatment, offering a sustainable and cost-effective solution for emerging contaminants, enhancing system resilience to high pollutant loads, and providing insights into sludge management and pollutant degradation pathways for broader environmental applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 103961"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microalgae as an innovative active ingredient for edible films and coatings for food applications","authors":"Marianne Ayumi Shirai ,&nbsp;Tahis Regina Baú ,&nbsp;Juliano Zanela ,&nbsp;Tatiana Colombo Pimentel","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae are a source of nutritional and bioactive compounds (polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, bioactive peptides, fatty acids, vitamins, phenolics, and carotenoids) that may present antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Microalgae extracts and biomass have great potential to be incorporated into the formulation of edible films and coatings for foods. This review aimed to highlight recent research involving incorporating microalgae biomass and extracts into edible coatings and films to obtain materials with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Furthermore, their application in the preservation of foods is reviewed. <em>Spirulina</em> sp. and. <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> extract and biomass are the most used in film formulation, and casting is still the most used production method. Furthermore, the main biopolymers are the gums, starch, sodium caseinate, chitosan, and protein isolates. The films were applied in meat, fish, seafood, fruits, and vegetables, resulting in maintenance of the desired texture properties, reduced microbial counts during storage, improved technological and sensory properties, and higher concentration of bioactive compounds. Opportunities are available to study other microalgae species, production methods, and types of biopolymers. Thus, it is concluded that producing films and coatings with microalgae is an emerging technology with different possibilities to enable its use in the food industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 103959"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A microalgae Picochlorum sp. AZL19 from Moroccan Mediterranean as a novel source of antioxidant compounds","authors":"Sanaa Ouzakar ,&nbsp;Nadia Skali Senhaji ,&nbsp;Hikmate Abriouel ,&nbsp;Julia Manetsberger ,&nbsp;Noelia Caballero-Casero ,&nbsp;Soledad Rubio ,&nbsp;Jamal Abrini","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae are a valuable new source of safe and inexpensive antioxidants. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the potential of a microalgae <em>Picochlorum</em> sp. AZL19, isolated from the Moroccan Mediterranean, as a novel source of antioxidant compounds. The antioxidant activity of four extracts (methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water) of this strain was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays. The results prove that the methanolic extract is a more powerful antioxidant compared to the other extracts in the four assays, with the lowest IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.21 to 0.71 mg mL⁻¹. The methanolic extract exhibited the highest contents of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and total carotenoids, with values of 23.52 mg GAE g⁻¹, 5.99 mg QE g⁻¹, and 4.49 mg g⁻¹, respectively. The analysis of the correlations revealed a very strong correlation between the phenolic content and the antioxidant activities of the microalgae <em>Picochlorum</em> sp. AZL19. The results of phenolic compounds analysis using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-HRMS) revealed the presence of nine phenolic compounds. Most of the phenolic compounds identified were phenolic acids. Eight of the identified compounds are reported for the first time in <em>Picochlorum</em> genus. In addition, this study represents the first description of three novel compounds in microalgae: shikimic acid, vanillic acid 4-β-D-glucoside and 5-methoxysalicylic acid. All of these identified compounds are known to have antioxidant activity. The principal carotenoids identified using liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (LC/APCI-MS) analysis were lutein (54.0 %) and zeaxanthin (18.23 %). These findings indicate that the isolated <em>Picochlorum</em> sp. AZL19 strain possesses a high antioxidant activity and thus could be used as a potential novel source of natural antioxidants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 103960"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of multiple purification strategies and characterization of R-phycoerythrin from two species of red seaweed, Furcellaria lumbricalis and Schizymenia valentinae","authors":"Sruthi Kumar ,&nbsp;Jan-Arne Arnesen ,&nbsp;Anders Hauer Møller ,&nbsp;Marianne Danielsen ,&nbsp;Tanel Ilmjärv ,&nbsp;Bjarni G. Bjarnason ,&nbsp;Gestur Ólafsson ,&nbsp;Guðrún Hallgrímsdóttir ,&nbsp;Trine K. Dalsgaard","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>R-phycoerythrin (R-PE) is a prospective natural red colorant present in red seaweed and consists of three major subunits α, β, and γ. This study aimed to investigate the outcome of intensity of R-PE subunits obtained from different purification strategies of the two red seaweed species, <em>Furcellaria lumbricalis</em> and <em>Schizymenia valentinae comb. nov</em>. R-PE was purified by i) multi-step ammonium sulphate precipitation, ii) membrane filtration, iii) anion exchange chromatography, and iv) a combination of multi-step ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by anion exchange chromatography. The characterization of purified R-PE was carried out by spectrophotometric analysis, SDS-PAGE, 3D fluorescence scan and mass spectrometry. The increased purity index and wider excitation and emission wavelengths reflected the improved purification of R-PE from both species of red seaweed relative to the crude extracts. The MS study identified peptides from other phycobiliproteins such as phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, and RuBisCO after membrane filtration. After membrane filtration, the α, β, γ subunits of R-PE, as well as phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, and RuBisCO displayed higher intensities in the purified R-PE from <em>S. valentinae</em> compared to <em>F. lumbricalis</em>, although the latter exhibited a more pronounced colour. The same was the case for samples purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation. The highest purity index was achieved after multi-step ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by anion exchange chromatography of R-PE from <em>F. lumbricalis</em>, which permits its utilization in food applications, although minor amounts of phycocyanin and allophycocyanin, were detected. In conclusion, separation of photosynthetic proteins was incomplete for all purification strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 103946"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study of antibacterial efficacy of Tetraselmis rubens extracts against tomato phytopathogenic Pseudomonas corrugata","authors":"Oumaima Ouaddi ,&nbsp;Abdallah Oukarroum ,&nbsp;Rachid Bouharroud ,&nbsp;Mohamed Alouani ,&nbsp;Altaf EL blidi ,&nbsp;Redouan Qessaoui ,&nbsp;Nabil Radouane ,&nbsp;Khaoula Errafii ,&nbsp;Mohamed Hijri ,&nbsp;Fatima Hamadi ,&nbsp;Mohammed Hassi","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the antibacterial efficacy of extracts from the microalgae <em>Tetraselmis rubens</em> both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> against the tomato plant pathogen <em>Pseudomonas corrugata</em>. Initially, the microalgae strain was identified by partial sequencing of the 18S rDNA. Then, <em>in vitro</em> experiments were conducted to evaluate the antibacterial properties of chloroform, methanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of <em>T. rubens</em> against <em>P. corrugata</em>. Subsequently, <em>in vivo</em> experiments assessed the preventive efficacy of these extracts against <em>P. corrugata</em> infection in juvenile tomato plants. The active components in the chloroform extract were analyzed using GC‐MS. The chloroform extract exhibited the most potent <em>in vitro</em> inhibitory impact on <em>P. corrugata</em>, resulting in inhibition zones of 31.33±2.02 mm. Additionally, the <em>in vivo</em> experiments confirmed the high antibacterial activity of <em>T. rubens</em> chloroform extract against <em>P. corrugata</em> when applied as preventive treatment<em>.</em> It reduced the incidence of bacterial spot disease to 5.61% of affected leaves, compared to a 41% infection rate in the positive control and 3% in the negative control.</div><div>The chloroform extract of <em>T. rubens</em> contained 15 chloroform-soluble compounds, as indicated by the GC‐MS analysis. These compounds fell under a variety of chemical categories, with a relative abundance of fatty acid esters. The antibacterial activity of these compounds has been demonstrated in previous studies and holds potential for further investigation and optimization for agricultural applications. This innovative study highlighted the potential of <em>T. rubens</em> extracts in developing sustainable solutions for managing infection of tomato plants with <em>P. corrugata</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 103956"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of bacteria from natural microbiota regrown with Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in synthetic co-cultures","authors":"Yuge Bai ,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Mori ,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Tanaka ,&nbsp;Tadashi Toyama","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae coexist with bacteria in natural aquatic environments and mass-cultivation systems, and these associated bacteria can have a potential impact on host microalgal growth. However, the characteristics of microalgae-associated bacteria and their effects on host microalgae have not yet been fully studied. In particular, no reports on the isolation of bacteria associated with <em>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</em>, a green microalga, have been made. This study aimed to isolate the bacteria associated with <em>C. reinhardtii</em> from synthetic co-cultures of <em>C. reinhardtii</em> and various freshwater bacteria and to characterize them, focusing on their taxonomic characteristics, growth-promoting factors, and growth-promoting or -inhibiting effects on the host, <em>C. reinhardtii</em>. In this study, 147 bacterial strains were isolated from <em>C. reinhardtii</em> cultures. Of the isolated bacteria, 72.1 % and 19.7 % belonged to the phyla <em>Pseudomonadota</em> and <em>Bacteroidota</em>, respectively. Of the isolated bacteria, 54.4 %, 74.1 %, and 66.0 % produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophores, and vitamin B₇, respectively, which are possible growth-promoting factors for microalgae. More than half of the bacteria exhibited two or three of these factors. Furthermore, 65.3 % of the isolated bacteria promoted <em>C. reinhardtii</em> growth, whereas 17.7 % inhibited it. Thus, promotive and inhibitory bacteria co-constructed the <em>C. reinhardtii</em>-associated bacterial community. In particular, <em>Emticicia</em> sp. JSL2 and JSL3, <em>Caulobacter</em> sp. SCP3, and <em>Sediminibacterium</em> sp. SCP4 exerted the strongest growth-promoting effect on <em>C. reinhardtii</em>. Among the isolated bacteria, IAA production was a key factor that promoted <em>C. reinhardtii</em> growth. These positive bacteria could be useful for improving <em>C. reinhardtii</em> biomass production via <em>C. reinhardtii</em>-bacteria co-cultures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 103954"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and its inhibitory peptides from Spirulina platensis: Preparation, identification, in vitro and in silico characterization of activity and binding","authors":"Qiao-Hui Zeng ,&nbsp;Zhi-En Yao ,&nbsp;Xian-Min Zhou ,&nbsp;Ping Qi ,&nbsp;Xin-An Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inhibition of the biological activity of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) effectively prevents viral replication, thereby presenting a promising therapeutic target for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) intervention. This study aims to screen the Mpro inhibitory peptides from the natural nutritional supplement <em>Spirulina platensis</em> (<em>S. platensis</em>). Firstly, Mpro was successfully prepared by heterologous expression in <em>E. coli</em> and Mpro's activity was detected. Meanwhile, four distinct peptides derived from <em>S. platensis</em> were obtained through enzymatic hydrolysis of protein. Subsequently, highly active peptides were synthesized and their inhibition effects on Mpro were verified by <em>in vitro</em> experiment and computer simulations. Results showed that the extraction rate of the protein from <em>S. platensis</em> was 96.11 %, the activity of Mpro was 845.90 U mg⁻¹, the peptide MQGPNY could inhibit the activity of Mpro at the inhibition rate of 20.21 % ± 3.8 % at the concentration of 2 mmol L⁻¹. Furthermore, results from computer Simulation showed that the peptide MQGPNY forms four pairs of hydrogen bonds with Mpro, which are Gln189, Ser46, Thr26 and Glu166. In addition, there were ten free residues involved in hydrophobic contacts, including His164, His41, Thr24, Met49, Thr45, Thr25, Gly143, Asn142, Cys145 and Met165. The foundings could provide theoretical support for the use of protein and its hydrolysates from <em>S. platensis</em> in functional food and supplement formulations in the post-epidemic era.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 103955"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secondary metabolites of cyanobacteria from Cape Verde Archipelago act as NO donors with potential application in dermatology and cosmetics","authors":"Janaína Morone ,&nbsp;Guilherme Scotta Hentschke ,&nbsp;Isabel Benta Oliveira ,&nbsp;Vitor Vasconcelos ,&nbsp;Rosário Martins ,&nbsp;Graciliana Lopes","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile mediator implicated in a variety of physiological processes, with the ultimate goal of maintaining organism homeostasis. In the present work, aqueous extracts from ten cyanobacteria strains isolated from the Cape Verde archipelago were explored as potential NO donors. None of the strains are toxin producers, as demonstrated by PCR and LC-MS analysis. The extracts were mainly composed by phycobiliproteins (9.1 to 43.8 %), followed by polysaccharides (7.7 to 35.1 %), phenols (1.49 to 3.3 %) and chlorophylls (0 to 0.45 %). All the extracts revealed antioxidant potential, with <em>Salileptolyngbya</em> sp. LEGE 181184 presenting the lowest IC₅₀ value for superoxide anion radical scavenging (46.50 μg mL⁻¹), and ability to inhibit the pro-inflammatory enzyme lipoxygenase (LOX), <em>Salileptolyngbya</em> sp. LEGE 181150 presenting an IC₂₅ similar to the positive control quercetin (28.49 and 31.77 μg mL⁻¹, respectively), highlighting the potential of cyanobacteria extracts as natural ingredients for LOX inhibition. All the extracts were able to increase the NO produced by the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 through iNOS modulation (from concentrations starting in 12.5 μg mL⁻¹), in a similar mechanism and superior extend to that of LPS. None of the extracts induced cytotoxicity to RAW 264.7 cells and to the endothelial hCMEC/d3, the fibroblast 3 T3/L1 and the keratinocytes HaCaT cell lines, and no environmental hazard is predicted, as demonstrated through the zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) embryo acute toxicity test (zFET). This pioneer study points-out cyanobacteria aqueous extracts as innovative and biobased natural antimicrobial ingredients which, through a NO-donating mechanism, may potentially act against important antibiotic-resistant strains, thus being worth of consideration as therapeutic agents in dermatology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 103952"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring nutritional potency and amylase inhibitory effects of protein and lipid from Dunaliella salina","authors":"Samaneh Nakhostin ,&nbsp;Gholamreza Kavoosi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Amin Hejazi ,&nbsp;Javad Karimi","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Dunaliella salina</em> is a significant microalga known for its biomass, which is rich in various components including carotenoids, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. <em>D. salina</em> is composed of protein (39.14 g/100 g), carbohydrate (27.0 g/100 g), and lipid (18.0 g/100 g). The lipid contains fatty acids like α-linolenic acid followed by palmitic acid, 4,7,10,13-hexadecatetranoic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, 7,10,13-hexadecatrienoic acid, and palmitoleic acid. The lipid has acceptable levels of saturated fatty acid (SFA), unsaturated fatty acid (UFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA, omega-9, and omega-7), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA, omega-3, omega-6). Given the nutritional quality index, fatty acids had a good unsaturation index, peroxidizability index, atherogenicity index, hypocholesteraemia index, nutritive value index, omega-6/omega-3, linoleic acid/linolenic acid index, thrombogenicity index, PUFA/SFA index, and MUFA/SFA index. The protein mainly comprised alanine, glycine, glutamic acid, lysine, proline, leucine, serine, aspartic acid, threonine, arginine, phenylalanine, valine, and tyrosine. The major amino acids were essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids, bitter amino acids, hydrophobic amino acids, sweet amino acids, sulfur amino acids, flavor amino acids, and aromatic amino acids. Ultraviolet-visible absorption and fluorescence quenching represent powerful techniques for tracking conformational alterations in enzymes and interactions between enzymes and inhibitors revealed that protein and lipid hydrolysate interact with amylase and inhibit amylase activity. Therefore, <em>D. salina</em> can be considered a functional food with high nutritional quality and is imperative as an amylase inhibitor for diabetes management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 103950"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of different nitrogen sources and bioreactor cultivation strategies during growth of Aurantiochytrium limacinum on spruce sugars","authors":"Pernille M. Olsen ,&nbsp;Svein J. Horn ,&nbsp;Dana Byrtusova ,&nbsp;Lars Fredrik Moen ,&nbsp;Volha Shapaval ,&nbsp;Line Degn Hansen","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heterotrophic microbial production of omega-3 fatty acids for feed and food applications is an attractive alternative to the use of fish oils. In this study we have converted enzymatic hydrolysates of wood to oils rich in DHA by applying <em>Aurantiochytrium limacinum</em> SR21 in controlled bioreactor fermentation processes. FTIR was used as a rapid method to evaluate the effects of dissolved oxygen (DO), C/N ratios, and nitrogen sources on protein-to-lipid ratios in the produced microbial biomass. A biomass concentration of 21.7 g/L containing 29.1 % total fatty acid (TFA), out of which 35.1 % was docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), was obtained in batch cultivations using 20 % DO, a medium C/N ratio of 10g_C/g_N and a 50: 50 blend of complex organic nitrogen, in the form of yeast extract and peptone, and NaNO₃. A continuous cultivation strategy (D = 0.3 day⁻¹) led to much lower biomass and lipid titers compared to a batch process, indicating that a single vessel chemostat set-up may not be suitable for lipid production by <em>A. limacinum</em> SR21.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 103951"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}