Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts最新文献

{"title":"Allelopathy and underlying mechanism of Chlorella pyrenoidosa on the bloom-causing dinoflagellate Heterocapsa bohaiensis","authors":"Peng Peng,&nbsp;Jiaze Li,&nbsp;Hao Zhou,&nbsp;Xiaojing Yang,&nbsp;Minghuo Wu,&nbsp;Yiwen Zhang,&nbsp;Jingjing Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dinoflagellates <em>Heterocapsa bohaiensis</em> caused harmful algal blooms (HABs) resulting in severe economic losses in the coastal areas of the Bohai Sea, China. A previous study revealed that the local species <em>Chlorella pyrenoidosa</em>, which coexists with <em>H. bohaiensis</em> in coastal areas<em>,</em> was shown to significantly inhibit <em>H. bohaiensis</em>. Here, we studied the physiological changes and underlying mechanisms responsible for the allelopathy of <em>C. pyrenoidosa</em> on <em>H. bohaiensis</em>. Single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) and quantitative real time PCR (RT-qPCR) were used to analyze the gene-toxicity of <em>H. bohaiensis</em> by <em>C. pyrenoidosa</em>. The results showed that <em>C. pyrenoidosa</em> allelopathy caused growth inhibition, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in <em>H. bohaiensis</em>, concomitant with an up-regulation of the SSU rRNA gene expression. The concentration of <em>C. pyrenoidosa</em> filtrate and oxidative stress positively correlated with genotoxicity in <em>H. bohaiensis</em>. Overall, our data provide valuable insights into the allelopathic interactions between these two algal species, highlighting the underlying mechanisms involved. <em>C. pyrenoidosa</em> allelopathy has the potential to be an effective and environmentally friendly method for controlling HABs caused by <em>H. bohaiensis</em>. Furthermore, our study has broader implications for sustainable water management, potentially informing future environmental policies aimed at mitigating the impacts of HABs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 103828"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on strengthened the Cd(II) adsorption based on co-culture of fungi and cyanobacteria","authors":"Linlin Cui ,&nbsp;Junjun Wang ,&nbsp;Xueling Wu ,&nbsp;Jiaokun Li ,&nbsp;Weimin Zeng ,&nbsp;Guanzhou Qiu ,&nbsp;Li Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cyanobacteria are effective in the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated water, but their application is limited by the high-cost of harvesting. In this study, the growth conditions of various fungi after co-cultured with cyanobacteria were compared, and the optimal fungal–cyanobacterial symbiotic system (FCSS) was selected to investigate the behaviour and mechanism of Cd(II) adsorption. Over 95 % of <em>Synechocystis</em> sp. PCC6803 was harvested by <em>Aspergillus allahabdii</em>. The FCSS adsorbed 39.10 mg/g of Cd(II), which was 22.20 % higher than the cyanobacterial single-culture system. Adsorption of Cd(II) in FCSS was rapid and monolayered. Cd was entrapped and formed irregular crystal precipitates on the surfaces of FCSS cells. Detoxification of Cd occurred through various mechanisms, with the C<img>O, –OH, and –COOH functional groups participating in adsorption. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and transcriptome analysis revealed that reactive oxygen species generated by Cd exposure were scavenged by antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), reducing the toxic effects. CAT and GST were the initial key players in the antioxidant response to Cd exposure, followed by SOD, while NADPH levels increased steadily. The gene expression trends of CAT, GST, and major facilitator superfamily transporters aligned with the adsorption performance. These findings provide new insights into the remediation of Cd-contaminated wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 103823"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced carbon dioxide bio-fixation and protein production of Chlorella pyrenoidosa through a highly efficient sequential heterotrophic and photoautotrophic culture strategy","authors":"Hu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jing Zhao ,&nbsp;Hsiang-Hui Chou","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Chlorella pyrenoidosa</em> is one of the most promising microalgae for protein production with carbon dioxide (CO₂) bio-fixation. However, the high production cost and low production capability under traditional photoautotrophic culture mode had severely limited its application. Here, a highly efficient sequential heterotrophic and photoautotrophic cultivation strategy was established. Firstly, the heterotrophic seeds culture conditions were optimized with glucose as the carbon source and 1 g L⁻¹ of yeast extract was selected as a useful stimulus to boost cell growth. Then, the heterotrophic cells were transferred to photoautotrophic conditions directly and cultured under varied concentrations of CO₂. Moreover, 8 % (v/v) of CO₂, high light and high initial cell density were found to be beneficial for cell growth and CO₂ sequestration. Finally, different initial nitrogen concentrations and nitrogen feeding strategies were evaluated to increase the protein content to 62.69 % of dry biomass. These results provide feasible strategies for efficient CO₂ sequestration and protein production jointly in <em>C. pyrenoidosa</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 103842"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimisation of high-rate filamentous algal pond operating parameters for nutrient bioremediation of primary municipal wastewater","authors":"Indira N. Novak ,&nbsp;Marie Magnusson ,&nbsp;Rupert J. Craggs ,&nbsp;Rebecca J. Lawton","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective management of operational parameters is crucial for optimising wastewater treatment in high-rate filamentous algal pond (HRFAP) systems. This study examined three key operational parameters - hydraulic retention time (HRT), stocking density, and harvest frequency - on the growth and nutrient bioremediation efficiency of <em>Klebsormidium flaccidum</em> cultivated in primary municipal wastewater in outdoor HRFAPs in summer and winter. Seasonal conditions significantly influenced biomass productivity, with productivity being 48.3 % higher in summer compared to winter across all experiments. The optimal HRT of 4 days for both seasons achieved the highest average reductions in total ammoniacal‑nitrogen (TAN) concentration (64.6 % day⁻¹ ± 1.82 SE in summer, 32.3 % day⁻¹ ± 1.82 SE in winter) and acceptable reductions in nitrate-N (66.6 % day⁻¹ ± 3.54 SE in summer, 42.6 % day⁻¹ ± 8.98 SE in winter) and dissolved reactive phosphorous (DRP, 19.8 % day⁻¹ ± 1.01 SE in summer, 15 % day⁻¹ ± 1.98 SE in winter). A stocking density of 0.25 g fresh weight (FW) L⁻¹ was optimal in summer as it resulted in the highest reductions in TAN (75.9 % day⁻¹ ± 2.49 SE), nitrate-N (43.8 % day⁻¹ ± 3.31 SE), and DRP (21.6 % day⁻¹ ± 1.37 SE). In winter, a stocking density of 0.5 g FW L⁻¹ was optimal to mitigate the risk of primary wastewater toxicity during slower growth periods. Harvest frequency did not significantly affect nutrient removal rates across treatments and seasons; however, biomass productivity was significantly higher in summer with a 4-day harvest frequency (7.83 g dry weight (DW) m⁻² day⁻¹). Longer HRTs improved water quality variables, with the highest <em>Escherichia coli (E. coli)</em> reduction (99.9 %) observed with a stocking density of 0.25 g FW L⁻¹ in winter. This study highlights the importance of seasonal optimisation of HRFAP operation to maximise biomass production and nutrient bioremediation for effective treatment of primary municipal wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 103818"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving soil structure and function for continuous cropping of sweet melon using microalgae-based biological fertilizer","authors":"Linlin Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaotong Song ,&nbsp;Yanzhang Feng ,&nbsp;Xiaoting Qiu ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Yan ,&nbsp;Roger Ruan ,&nbsp;Pengfei Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Melon occupies an important position in fruits and vegetables production and consumption in China for its rich nutrient content. However, continuous cultivation of melons is characterized by disorders such as soil nutrient reduction and microbial community imbalance. This paper was the first to investigate the effects of algae-based biofertilizers (<em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> and shell powder, TQB; <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> and straw fermentation liquid, TQJ; and <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> and <em>Bacillus sphaericus</em>, TQY) on the physicochemical characteristics and microbial community structure of the soil for potted continuous-cropped melons. The results showed that, compared with the control group (with water only, TC), the three algae-based biofertilizers substantially increased the important elements of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), sodium (Na), and potassium (K) in melon soil. The algae-based fertilizer TQY had the greatest impact, increasing the ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) content by 437.5 %. Also, the salinity indexes, Na⁺ and K⁺, were enhanced by 416.7 % and 45 % respectively. Notably, the application of algae-based biofertilizer was found to increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as <em>Chloroflexi</em> and <em>Firmicutes</em>, and reduce the fungi, further improve the adverse factors caused by continuous cropping obstacles of sweet melon. This study would provide technical support for soil improvement to enhance the continuous growth and quality of melon production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 103868"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-carbon microalgae manufacturing is possible: Here's how and where","authors":"Rosangela Rodrigues Dias,&nbsp;Mariany Costa Deprá,&nbsp;Leila Queiroz Zepka,&nbsp;Eduardo Jacob-Lopes","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an environmental assessment for whole-cell microalgae dried biomass production in raceway pond systems – focusing on the primary energy source from the phototrophic processes. Greenhouse gas emissions from the whole-cell dried biomass of <em>Arthrospira platensis</em> and <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> were calculated for the 193 countries in the world according to each country's electrical mix. The functional unit was based on the recommended protein intake for adult individuals (kg/person/year). The results reveal how different the impact of the electrical mix can be on CO₂e emissions associated with whole-cell microalgae biomass. Countries with lower CO₂e emissions associated with the whole-cell dried biomass of <em>Arthrospira platensis</em> and <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em>, such as Bhutan and Ethiopia, record around 16 and 29 kg CO₂e, respectively. Countries with higher emissions, such as Poland and Botswana, have emissions between 2683 and 6092 kg CO₂e, respectively. South America, followed by Europe and North America, is the continent with the most efficient countries for resilient and eco-friendly microalgae installations. The end result of this assessment is a holistic overview of countries and regions whose electrical mix can favor the environmental performance of energy-intensive processes and products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 103886"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extrachromosomal expression of functional Cannabis sativa cannabidiolic acid synthase in Phaedodactylum tricornutum","authors":"Elisa Fantino ,&nbsp;Anis Messaabi ,&nbsp;Natacha Mérindol ,&nbsp;Fatima Awwad ,&nbsp;Nicolas Sene ,&nbsp;Sarah-Eve Gélinas ,&nbsp;Alexandre Custeau ,&nbsp;Kimy-Li Rhéaume ,&nbsp;Fatma Meddeb-Mouelhi ,&nbsp;Isabel Desgagné-Penix","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Cannabis sativa</em>'s cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) offers significant therapeutic potential without inducing psychotropic effects but is typically found as part of a complex mixture of metabolites in plant extracts. Using a heterologous expression platform could allow the production of pure CBDA. Here, we propose to express CBDA synthase (CBDAS) in <em>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</em>. Episomes carrying <em>CBDAS</em> variants, incorporating the native signal peptide (CBDAS) or the highly abundant secreted protein 1 secretory signal peptide (SP:CBDAS) were constructed. <em>CBDAS</em> variants were tagged with the yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), introduced into the marine diatom, and screened by fluorescence. Confocal microscopy revealed that CBDAS and SP:CBDAS arranged in aggregated structures indicative of secretory pathway involvement. Western blot assays confirmed whole construct accumulation intracellularly, while soluble YFP was detected extracellularly. Finally, enzymatic assays showed CBDA production by both CBDAS and SP:CBDAS strains, confirming the potential of <em>P. tricornutum</em> as a platform for cannabinoid biosynthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 103889"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microalgae lipid membrane models: A computational biophysics characterization","authors":"Hugo A.L. Filipe,&nbsp;André F. Moreira,&nbsp;Sónia P. Miguel,&nbsp;Paula Coutinho","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae are photosynthetic organisms that are attracting considerable attention for their potential applications in biotechnology and environmental sciences. There is a growing interest in utilizing microalgae biomass to produce nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products. Microalgae lipid membranes play a critical role in various biological functions, being at the forefront of research in fundamental biology and applied biotechnology. Thus, computational lipid bilayer models provide a powerful toolkit for unravelling the complexities of these membranes at an atomic level, providing insights that are crucial for advancing our knowledge in both fundamental biological processes and applied biotechnological developments. The objective of the present work was to develop computational lipid bilayer models to characterize the behaviour of membranes of different microalgae species. By comparing these models, we seek to identify the key factors that contribute to membrane stability and functionality, which could be useful for optimizing microalgae-based applications, namely to assess the interaction of drugs with microalgae lipid membranes. In this way, lipid bilayer models mimicking the outer lipid membrane of five microalgae species, like freshwater <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em>, <em>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</em> and <em>Scenedesmus</em> sp., and the marine <em>Nannochloropsis</em> sp. and <em>Schizochytrium limacinum</em> SR-21 were developed. A computational biophysics characterization was employed to address different membrane properties, such as area/lipid, membrane thickness, order parameters, and diffusion coefficients of the lipid molecules in the different membrane models. The developed models showed distinguished behaviours in freshwater and marine microalgae lipid membranes. Moreover, it was also observed that the lipid composition of marine microalgae results in more compact and ordered membranes. Our results highlight the importance of computational approaches in advancing membrane biophysics and provide a detailed molecular perspective on the lipid membranes of different species of freshwater and marine microalgae, providing a comprehensive basis to understand their biological roles and potential biotechnological applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 103884"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the cellular response and detoxification efficiency of microalgal systems to naphthalene contamination in water","authors":"Mengying Wang ,&nbsp;Han Wang ,&nbsp;Lingyun Rong ,&nbsp;Qi Yang ,&nbsp;Zhilin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination in water resources is a significant environmental issue due to its widespread presence and harmful effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health. Although microalgae offer a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach for PAH remediation, their use in this context has been less explored and presents technical challenges. This study focuses on the removal of naphthalene (NAP) from water using <em>Selenastrum capricornutum</em>. The relationship between biomass, photosynthetic activity, oxidative damage, removal rate, and degradation products was analyzed. Results showed that at a NAP concentration of 2.5 mg/L, <em>Selenastrum capricornutum</em> not only exhibited enhanced growth, with increased biomass and photosynthetic pigment content compared to the control group, but also achieved a 80.0 % total removal of NAP after 4 days. However, NAP concentrations between 10.0 and 20.0 mg/L inhibited microalgal growth, with inhibition rates of 14.5 % to 33.8 % after 8 days. The degradation experiments revealed that the removal of NAP by microalgae was mainly through biodegradation and partial adsorption, and the best removal effect was achieved at the appropriate concentration (5.0 mg/L), with the removal rate as high as 88.3 %. The microalgae's growth was notably enhanced during the exponential phase, suggesting that NAP by-products are of low or non-toxicity. The degradation rate constants (k) ranged from 0.03 h⁻¹ to 0.06 h⁻¹, with half-lives (t₁/₂) between 13.19 and 18.75 h. LC-MS analysis confirmed that the by-products of NAP metabolism by microalgae are low or non-toxic. This study demonstrates that <em>Selenastrum capricornutum</em> is highly tolerant to NAP and effective in removing trace amounts of NAP from contaminated wastewater, highlighting its potential for PAH remediation using algae.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 103850"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recyclable CO2/DES-enabled microalgae efficient pretreatment and in-situ transesterification for biodiesel production from all component","authors":"Hangyu Luo ,&nbsp;Zhuangzhuang Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhengfei Pei ,&nbsp;Jinyu Tan ,&nbsp;Jinshu Huang ,&nbsp;Junfa Yuan ,&nbsp;Jiasheng Chen ,&nbsp;Pan Meng ,&nbsp;Xiaofang Liu ,&nbsp;Hu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional microalgae biodiesel production requires more solvents and energy due to cell wall stubbornness and process complexity. This study synthesized a functional deep eutectic solvent (fDES) for microalgae pretreatment and in-situ transesterification. Because of its pretreatment and transesterification activity, fDES can be used for pretreatment, oil extraction, and transesterification catalysis, obtaining 98.9 % yield of biodiesel. Injecting and releasing CO₂ can switch the polarity of DES to separate biodiesel and recover fDES components, enhancing process efficiency and sustainability of biodiesel production. The chemical interaction process shown by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model of adsorption and desorption further proves the process of CO₂ regulating the polarity of fDES. The remaining microalgae components were transformed into yeast lipids with 3.3 g/L for biodiesel by enzymolysis and continuous fermentation. Overall, this strategy of integrating pretreatment, production, separation, and solvent recovery to funnel all components of microalgae into biodiesel provides an efficient solution for biomass valorization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 103856"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}