Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts最新文献

{"title":"Integrated biorefinery of Limnospira (Arthrospira) platensis: Recycling cultivation medium and biosorption of endocrine disruptors from water","authors":"Alenne Prince Junqueira de Moraes ,&nbsp;Camylle Guimarães Scheliga ,&nbsp;Yollanda Carolina da Silva Ferreira Vançato ,&nbsp;Cláudia Maria Luz Lapa Teixeira ,&nbsp;André Luís de Sá Salomão","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae-based systems are increasingly recognized as scalable platforms for producing high-value bioproducts while addressing water pollution, including emerging contaminants. However, large-scale production is often constrained by high operational costs. This study evaluated biomass production of the cyanobacterium <em>Limnospira (Arthrospira) platensis</em> over two consecutive cultivation cycles, with the culture medium from the first cycle recycled in the second. Mediumrecycling reduced freshwater and nutrient inputs without compromising biomass productivity. Biomass from both cycles exhibited high protein (59.8 ± 1.9% in cycle 1; 52.6 ± 2.0% in cycle 2) and carbohydrate contents (29.3 ± 1.8% and 39.0 ± 2.4%, respectively), supporting diverse valorization pathways. First-cycle biomass is suitable for high-value applications such as nutraceuticals, while second-cycle biomass was evaluated as a low-cost biosorbent for removing 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), a pseudo-persistent endocrinedisruptorfrequently found in aquatic ecosystems. Biosorption assays achieved ∼70% EE2 removal at 30 μg·L⁻¹ within 7 h using 0.6 g·L⁻¹ of biomass (biosorbent). Kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model (R² = 0.98), and equilibrium data fitted the Freundlich isotherm, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 251.28 μg·g⁻¹. These results demonstrate that cultivation medium recycling can simultaneously reduce resource consumption and enable cascade biomass valorization, providing a scalable approach aligned with circular bioeconomy principles and sustainable tertiary wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104616"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The energy costs of dewatering feedstock microalgae species using conventional implementations of ultrasonic and crossflow filtration technologies","authors":"J.E. Coons ,&nbsp;B. Yap ,&nbsp;C. Gasway ,&nbsp;B. Bischoff ,&nbsp;N. Sweeney ,&nbsp;T. Dong ,&nbsp;P.T. Pienkos ,&nbsp;C.K. Sanders ,&nbsp;T. Dale","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of microalgae as a feedstock for biofuels and other products continues to be explored, but large-scale biomass production faces persistent high costs. One major cost contributor is the energy required for harvesting and dewatering, a challenge resulting from the dilute nature of microalgae cultures as well as the properties of microalgae cells. This study investigated the energy demands of concentrating three diverse microalgae species (<em>Nannochloropsis salina, Scenedesmus obliquus,</em> and <em>Chlorella luteoviridis</em>) exhibiting different settling velocities, a key harvesting property, using conventional ultrasonic and crossflow membrane filtration. Membrane-free ultrasonic filtration removed 60–80% of the microalgae largely in steady-state operations, increasing concentrations 20–100 times, while consuming 1–6 kWh/m³ - similar to centrifugation. In contrast, crossflow membrane filtration retained nearly 100% of the microalgae, increasing concentrations over 20-fold, but consumed 158 kWh/m³ - over 10 times the energy of centrifugation. Both approaches exceeded the 10% energy target suggested in the 2010 National Algal Biofuel Technology Roadmap. This study also highlights potential sources of energy savings. For ultrasonic filtration, attention to an innovative, dynamic property of the ultrasonic chamber called the Energy Efficiency Factor, could lead to energy reductions by no more than 10-fold and improve the favorability of two of the microalgae species studied. For membrane filtration, a dead-end configuration could reduce energy consumption by no more than 1000-fold, making it favorable for all three species. This study not only highlights the need to further increase the energy content of microalgae cultures, but also the critical importance of continued development of ultrasonic filtration and other harvesting technologies to achieve low-cost, energy-sustainable algal biofuels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104673"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147599816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology-dependent biotoxic effects and cellular damage mechanisms of silver nanoparticles on Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus","authors":"Wei Yu ,&nbsp;Yongchang Shang ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Wang ,&nbsp;Yue Yang ,&nbsp;Chenxi Zhang ,&nbsp;Ningcan Deng ,&nbsp;Kaixuan Wang ,&nbsp;Ting Ma ,&nbsp;Xiuzhen Yang ,&nbsp;Miao Xu ,&nbsp;Fan Mo ,&nbsp;Haibo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) leads to their inevitable release into freshwater ecosystems, raising ecological concerns. The present study involved the synthesis of silver nanospheres (AgNSs), nanocubes (AgNCs), and nanoplates (AgPLs) through chemical synthesis methods. It also investigates the morphological-dependent biotoxicity of AgNPs at two distinct concentrations (0–5 mg L⁻¹ and 0–5000 ng L⁻¹) on two species of algae, <em>C. vulgaris</em> and <em>S. obliquus</em>. The results demonstrated that AgPLs exhibited the strongest inhibitory growth, with 0.5 mg L⁻¹ AgPLs inhibiting <em>C. vulgaris</em> growth by 58% (2.5–2.7-fold higher than AgNSs/AgNCs) and 5 mg L⁻¹ AgPLs inhibiting <em>S. obliquus</em> by 76%. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed AgPLs caused cell content leakage, AgNCs induced starch granule accumulation, and AgNSs only damaged cell walls. Low-concentration (ng L⁻¹) AgNPs triggered a “low-dose stimulation, high-dose inhibition” hormesis on <em>S. obliquus</em> chlorophyll <em>a</em>. AgPLs had the highest colloidal stability (zeta potential: −23.07 mV), and cell-associated Ag accumulation was morphology- and species-dependent, with <em>S. obliquus</em> more sensitive than <em>C. vulgaris</em>. These findings provide toxicity data for AgNPs, supporting ecological risk assessments by incorporating morphology and species specificity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104612"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofilm organization and ECM remodeling in Trebouxia lynniae during colony growth and lichen symbiosis","authors":"César Daniel Bordenave ,&nbsp;Ayelén Gazquez ,&nbsp;Lucia Muggia ,&nbsp;Francisco García-Breijo ,&nbsp;Ángeles Calatayud ,&nbsp;Eva Barreno ,&nbsp;Pedro Carrasco","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lichen-forming microalgae are traditionally studied within their symbiotic context, yet growing evidence shows they also persist as free-living organisms, revealing ecological flexibility, physiological autonomy, and potential contributions to ecosystem resilience. <em>De novo</em> lichen formation — the establishment of a new thallus from free-living fungal and algal partners — depends on traits of these free-living photobionts, yet the mechanisms that enable partner recognition, spatial organization, and functional integration remain poorly characterized. Understanding how microalgae organize themselves outside the symbiosis is therefore crucial to uncover how these traits contribute to thallus development and symbiotic reassembly. This study explores whether biofilm traits in the model microalga <em>Trebouxia lynniae</em>, including abundant extracellular matrix production and morphological and physiological stratification, are developmentally coordinated and retained or modified within the lichen thallus formed with the mycobiont <em>Ramalina farinacea</em>. Using confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and ultrastructural analyses, we show that <em>T. lynniae</em> forms structured, biofilm-like colonies with spatially stratified photosynthetic activity. Within the lichen thallus, vegetative algal cells maintain layered organization in repeating undulating patterns, yet extracellular matrix is markedly reduced or absent, suggesting a functional repurposing of extracellular polymeric substances from structural cohesion to fungal nutrition. Flow cytometry further indicates that most lichenized algal cells remain in a vegetative, non-reproductive state, consistent with suppression of photobiont sexual reproduction within the thallus. Our findings reveal that extracellular matrix remodeling and biofilm architecture are central to coordinating symbiotic integration in lichens, highlighting biofilm-like growth as an evolutionary step toward stable mutualism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104637"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to produce recombinant human serum albumin","authors":"Pratheesh Prakasam Thanka ,&nbsp;Vineetha Mohan ,&nbsp;Muraleedhara Kurup ,&nbsp;Menatalla M. Ismail ,&nbsp;Mallik Sudhanshu ,&nbsp;Abdel-Hamid I. Mourad","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human serum albumin (HSA) constitutes the most significant fraction of proteins in human blood plasma. It remains one of the most widely used therapeutic biomolecules in modern medicine, with global demand exceeding 500 t annually. Limitations in plasma-derived HSA (pHSA), including supply shortages and the risk of pathogen transmission, have accelerated the pursuit of recombinant production strategies. This study demonstrates the first successful expression of structurally and functionally validated rHSA in <em>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</em> through <em>Agrobacterium</em>-mediated nuclear transformation, highlighting the platform's novelty. Molecular analyses validated stable integration and transcriptional activity of the transgene, while expression levels reached up to 0.5% of total soluble protein. Structural and functional assessments confirmed that algal-derived rHSA closely resembles native pHSA, and cytotoxicity assays (MTT) verified its safety in human cell cultures. Taken together, the results highlight <em>C. reinhardtii</em> as an economically viable and scalable platform for sustainable biomanufacturing of high-value therapeutic proteins, making it an attractive alternative to traditional production sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104619"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive from Ulva lactuca and Ulva fasciata: Structural insights and mechanistic roles in colon cancer therapy","authors":"Divya Vijayakumar","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Colon cancer is one of the causes of the cancer-related morbidity and mortality on the global scale, and it is crucial to develop safe and effective therapy solutions. Marine green macroalgae, especially species of Ulva have emerged as important sources of structurally diverse bioactive macromolecules with anticancer potential. This review summarizes the existing available information regarding the structure, functionality, and translational use of green algal macromolecules in colon cancer management. Ulvans are sulfated heteropolysaccharides enriched with rhamnose and uronic acids that induce apoptosis, arrest cell cycle, and block oncogenic signaling pathways such as Wnt/b-catenin, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, or NF-kB. The peptides, polyphenols, and polyunsaturated fatty acids derived in Ulva have complementary effects, as they increase antioxidant defense, inhibit chronic inflammation, and manipulate immune responses. The structure-function relationships reveal the importance of sulfate replacement, molecular weight, and monosaccharide composition to define bioactivity. Although in vitro and in vivo experiments prove that selective, low-toxicity, cytotoxicity is restricted to colon cancer cells and not to normal tissue, there is limited clinical validation. Some of the major challenges involve low solubility, absence of standardized procedures of extraction, and inadequate pharmacokinetic characterization. This review highlights the therapeutic potential of green algal macromolecules, highlights translational challenges, and suggests future efforts on developing functional foods, nutraceuticals, and adjuvant therapies against colon cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104568"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-step purification process to obtain analytical grade phycoerythrin from Porphyridium sp. using hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC)","authors":"Alejandro Piera ,&nbsp;Carlos Sainz-Urruela ,&nbsp;Juan J. Espada ,&nbsp;Victoria Morales ,&nbsp;Gemma Vicente ,&nbsp;Luis Fernando Bautista","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phycoerythrin (PE) is a highly valued protein pigment with notable properties in various applications, including human health, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and the biomedical industry. High-purity PE production schemes often involve several purification steps, which can be costly, result in yield losses, and potentially lack scalability. This study proposes a one-step purification process based on hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) to produce analytical-grade PE from an ionic liquid (IL)-based crude extract from <em>Porphyridium</em> sp. The HIC approach effectively leveraged the ILs' ionic strength using different resins with varying hydrophobic ligands, ligand concentrations, and agarose matrix properties. The purity achieved is shown as a function of the recovered PE yield, enabling the selection of a suitable resin based on the required purity and recovery for the PE applications. The highest recovery yield within the analytical grade was obtained with Butyl-S Sepharose 6 Fast Flow resin (73.0%). In contrast, the highest PE purity was achieved using Butyl Sepharose High Performance resin, yielding a maximum value of 8.2, a 9.9-fold increase compared to the crude extract. This resin also produced high purity PE relative to phycocyanin (A₆₂₀/A₅₄₅ = 0.01), comparable to commercial PE standards. Furthermore, the purification process was also highly effective for extracts with reused ILs, an essential consideration for the sustainability of the process when working with this type of solvent. Ultimately, this study provides valuable insights into the behaviour of PE when purified using diverse hydrophobic resins, which can guide the selection of the most appropriate resin based on the desired purity and yield targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104596"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and identification of a centromeric tandemly repeated DNA sequence in Saccharina japonica","authors":"Yi-Yan Cai ,&nbsp;Cheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Si-Qi Chen ,&nbsp;Zhi Li ,&nbsp;Zhi-Gang Zhou ,&nbsp;Yan-Hui Bi","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The centromere is a chromosomal locus essential for accurate chromosome segregation, typically composed of repetitive DNA sequences. To date, the centromeric DNA of the commercially important brown alga <em>Saccharina japonica</em> remains uncharacterized. In this study, we screened a candidate centromeric satellite DNA, Sjsat998, through bioinformatic analysis of male gametophyte genome data using RepeatExplorer2 and local BLAST against a centromeric BAC clone. Sjsat998 was organized as tandem repeats with a 998-bp monomer. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confirmed its specific enrichment at centromeric regions. Immuno-FISH (IF-FISH) demonstrated precise co-localization of Sjsat998 with the centromeric histone H3 variant SjCENH3. Furthermore, electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) confirmed the specific binding of recombinant SjCENH3 protein to Sjsat998. Sjsat998 was the first identified centromeric element in <em>S. japonica</em>. It provides a foundation for studying centromere evolution in brown algae and will facilitate the construction of a telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome for this species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104624"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide, on caveolin-1 levels in breast cancer cell line MCF-7","authors":"Dilara Çakmak,&nbsp;Nesrin Özsoy Erdaş,&nbsp;Buse Safrancı,&nbsp;Fadime Kıran","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women, and early diagnosis significantly improves survival rates. The severe side effects associated with conventional cytotoxic treatments have emphasized the need for targeted therapies in combination with natural compounds. Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from the brown algae <em>Fucus vesiculosus</em>, exhibits anticancer activity and inhibits proliferation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells; however, its effects on the regulation of caveolin-1, a membrane protein involved in breast cancer progression, remain largely unexplored. In the current study, the anticancer effects of fucoidan in MCF-7 cells were investigated by evaluating cytotoxicity, membrane integrity, colony formation, migration, and caveolin-1 expression using established in vitro assays. Both fucoidan and the chemotherapeutic agent tamoxifen demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxic effects, with fucoidan showing higher potency in reducing colony formation. Both compounds also inhibited cell migration and significantly downregulated caveolin-1 expression, suggesting a potential role in modulating tumor progression. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of fucoidan as a natural anticancer agent, although further studies are needed to clarify its mechanisms and in vivo efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104593"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed treatment of soybean, wheat, and oat with cyanobacteria extracts: Germination and field performance analysis","authors":"Julia Catiane Arenhart Braun ,&nbsp;Milena Anita Beuter ,&nbsp;Alan Rempel ,&nbsp;José Luís Trevizan Chiomento ,&nbsp;Nadia Canali Lângaro ,&nbsp;Luciane Maria Colla","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae biostimulants have gained attention as a promising solution for sustainable approaches in agriculture. This study assessed <em>Spirulina platensis</em> biostimulants in seed treatment (ST) for soybean, wheat, and oat. In the first stage, laboratory tests evaluated early plant growth and compared two biomass disruption methods: ultrasonic probe (1%, 5%, 10% m/v); and freeze/thaw (5% m/v). In the second stage, field experiments with soybean applied optimal ST concentrations, testing combinations of chemical, biological, and microalgal treatments, with and without conventional fertilization. The cyanobacteria extract produced by ultrasonic probe disruption, rich in amino acids and nutrients, enhanced the emergence speed index of wheat plants by up to 6.8% in laboratory tests compared to the control. In the early stages of plant development, the cyanobacteria extract positively affected the root growth of soybeans, wheat, and oat, increasing the dry root biomass of soybeans by up to 26.9%. In the second stage, treatments with cyanobacteria resulted in greater plant height (up to 12%) and dry mass (up to 32%) in the shoot compared to treatments with only chemical seed treatment. Under field conditions, microalgal treatments increased shoot length and dry mass compared to chemical seed treatments. They also enhanced nodule formation by up to 50%, whereas conventional fertilizer reduced nodule development. The results showed that these extracts may enhance the physiological characteristics of plants, and their biostimulant properties suggest benefits for various cultivars, with no negative effects when combined with chemical and biological treatments for soybean ST.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104608"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}