Green synthesis of titanium oxide nanoparticles using aqueous extracts of Limnospira fusiformis and their multifunctional applications in biomedical and biodiesel production
IF 4.6 2区 生物学Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
{"title":"Green synthesis of titanium oxide nanoparticles using aqueous extracts of Limnospira fusiformis and their multifunctional applications in biomedical and biodiesel production","authors":"Fayaazuddin Thajuddin , Prakash Palanivel , Arutselvan Chithirai , Shakena Fathima Thajuddin , Pugazhendhi Arivalagan , Chandraleka Saravanan , Thajuddin Nooruddin , Dhanasekaran Dharumadurai","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104082","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biosynthesis of Titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs) is an emerging strategy that is being commonly employed in industrial and environmental wastewater treatments. This study adopted green chemistry technique to synthesize TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, utilizing aqueous extract derived from cyanobacteria <em>Limnospira fusiformis</em>. A comprehensive characterization of the biogenic TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs was performed using spectroscopic and microscopic analysis. Antibiofilm potential of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs was tested against human pathogens, specifically in <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (Gram-negative) and <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> (Gram-positive) bacteria. Cytotoxicity of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs was assessed against the cancer cell lines, human lung A549 and breast MDA-MB-231 employing MTT assay. The study also investigated the conversion of oil extracted from microalgae consortium (<em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> + <em>Scenedesmus dimorphus</em>), into biodiesel at varying catalyst concentration. In this study, the UV–visible spectrum of biogenic TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs exhibited a sharp absorption peak at 254 nm. FTIR analysis revealed peaks at 424, 1398, 1632, and 3479 cm<sup>−1</sup>. XRD pattern shows five intense broad peaks indexed as (101), (004), (200), (105), and (205). SEM images displayed spherical-shaped structures in clustered form of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs. The presence of titanium and oxygen was further confirmed by the EDS profile. Zeta potential and dynamic scattering analysis illustrated the TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs were highly stable at −49.4 mV with a mean size of 98.9 nm. Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) confirmed the successful functionalization of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs. Biogenic TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs exhibited a promising effect against <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> and the MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines at 20 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL concentration, correspondingly. This research also revealed that these green-synthesized TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs performed as an effective catalyst for converting algal lipids into biodiesel. Maximum amount of FAME was produced at 6 mg/mL concentration. Moreover, these green-synthesized NPs show promising nano-biomaterials for various applications in biomedicine and could also significantly improve the large-scale production of biodiesel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104082"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211926425001912","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Biosynthesis of Titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) is an emerging strategy that is being commonly employed in industrial and environmental wastewater treatments. This study adopted green chemistry technique to synthesize TiO2 NPs, utilizing aqueous extract derived from cyanobacteria Limnospira fusiformis. A comprehensive characterization of the biogenic TiO2 NPs was performed using spectroscopic and microscopic analysis. Antibiofilm potential of TiO2 NPs was tested against human pathogens, specifically in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative) and Bacillus subtilis (Gram-positive) bacteria. Cytotoxicity of TiO2 NPs was assessed against the cancer cell lines, human lung A549 and breast MDA-MB-231 employing MTT assay. The study also investigated the conversion of oil extracted from microalgae consortium (Chlorella vulgaris + Scenedesmus dimorphus), into biodiesel at varying catalyst concentration. In this study, the UV–visible spectrum of biogenic TiO2 NPs exhibited a sharp absorption peak at 254 nm. FTIR analysis revealed peaks at 424, 1398, 1632, and 3479 cm−1. XRD pattern shows five intense broad peaks indexed as (101), (004), (200), (105), and (205). SEM images displayed spherical-shaped structures in clustered form of TiO2 NPs. The presence of titanium and oxygen was further confirmed by the EDS profile. Zeta potential and dynamic scattering analysis illustrated the TiO2 NPs were highly stable at −49.4 mV with a mean size of 98.9 nm. Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) confirmed the successful functionalization of TiO2 NPs. Biogenic TiO2 NPs exhibited a promising effect against Bacillus subtilis and the MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines at 20 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL concentration, correspondingly. This research also revealed that these green-synthesized TiO2 NPs performed as an effective catalyst for converting algal lipids into biodiesel. Maximum amount of FAME was produced at 6 mg/mL concentration. Moreover, these green-synthesized NPs show promising nano-biomaterials for various applications in biomedicine and could also significantly improve the large-scale production of biodiesel.
期刊介绍:
Algal Research is an international phycology journal covering all areas of emerging technologies in algae biology, biomass production, cultivation, harvesting, extraction, bioproducts, biorefinery, engineering, and econometrics. Algae is defined to include cyanobacteria, microalgae, and protists and symbionts of interest in biotechnology. The journal publishes original research and reviews for the following scope: algal biology, including but not exclusive to: phylogeny, biodiversity, molecular traits, metabolic regulation, and genetic engineering, algal cultivation, e.g. phototrophic systems, heterotrophic systems, and mixotrophic systems, algal harvesting and extraction systems, biotechnology to convert algal biomass and components into biofuels and bioproducts, e.g., nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, animal feed, plastics, etc. algal products and their economic assessment