Jinlin Liu , Huanqing Yuan , Zhangyi Xia , Peimin He
{"title":"Paying attention to the safety of global edible seaweeds after the discharge of nuclear-contaminated water from Japan","authors":"Jinlin Liu , Huanqing Yuan , Zhangyi Xia , Peimin He","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Macroalgae play a crucial role as primary producers in the ecosystem. The increasing human demand for macroalgae has led to the development of the macroalgae aquaculture industry, which is seen as a potential solution to future food shortages. However, the Japanese Government's plan to discharge nuclear-contaminated water, which is projected to continue until at least 2053 with a total volume of at least 1.3 million metric tons, poses a significant threat to the macroalgae industry, ecosystems, and human health. Macroalgae can accumulate radionuclides from nuclear-contaminated water, which may then be transferred to other marine organisms or humans through the food chain or web, and the long-term implications of this ‘butterfly effect’ remain uncertain. In principle, international supervision and regulations should govern the management of nuclear waste, further filling the gaps in international law, including all aspects of addressing complaints and prohibiting the discharge of nuclear-contaminated water, to ensure responsible management based on scientific evidence. However, the current Japanese government's determination to proceed with the discharge of nuclear-contaminated water has revealed deficiencies in international legislation and a lack of enforcement power within international regulatory organizations, which demand further improvement. Herein, we call upon phycologists specializing in the utilization of macroalgal resources, marine organisms, and marine ecology to pay further attention to and conduct in-depth investigations into the potential long-term impacts of this event. Regardless, against the backdrop of Japan's ongoing discharge of nuclear-contaminated water, the commitment to advancing the health and stability of the global macroalgae industry and safeguarding the rights of seaweed farmers represents a lengthy but highly significant scientific endeavor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 103811"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
María Cristina Casero , David Velázquez, Adrián Pereira, María del Mar Tejedor, Luis García, Antonio Quesada, Samuel Cirés
{"title":"Hidden inside desert rocks: Salinity triggers an increase in exopolysaccharides from endolithic cyanobacteria with anti-inflammatory potential","authors":"María Cristina Casero , David Velázquez, Adrián Pereira, María del Mar Tejedor, Luis García, Antonio Quesada, Samuel Cirés","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Endolithic cyanobacteria thriving in rocks of deserts remain an unexplored source for the quest of novel bioproducts in extreme environments. In this work, 7 endolithic cyanobacteria from the polyextreme Atacama Desert, covering four genera and three lithic substrates, were investigated for the production of exopolysaccharides with anti-inflammatory potential. A moderate salinity (20 g NaCl L<sup>−1</sup>) was tolerated by all strains, triggering a 3–9-fold increase in exopolysaccharides (EPS) yield in 4 of them that counteracted the growth decrease due to NaCl stress. EPS from all strains showed anti-elastase activity with inter-strain and inter-salinity variations. The moderate EPS productivity by <em>Gloeocapsa</em> sp. UAM572 (0.4 mg EPS L<sup>−1</sup> day<sup>−1</sup>), elevated anti-elastase capacity of <em>Chroococcidiopsis</em> sp. UAM579 EPS (IC<sub>50</sub> = 78 μg mL<sup>−1</sup>) and the first biotechnological data of genus <em>Pseudoacaryochloris</em>, provide a promising foundation for potential applications of EPS from endolithic cyanobacteria in cosmetics and biomedicine, whose opportunities and challenges are discussed herein.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 103817"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kang Yang, Jin-lan Xia, Yu-xin Chen, Ren-man Zhu, Yang Jian, Chi Xiang, Zhen-yuan Nie, Hong-chang Liu
{"title":"SiC nanoparticles promote CO2 fixation and biomass production of Chlorella sorokiniana via expanding the abilities of capturing and transmitting photons","authors":"Kang Yang, Jin-lan Xia, Yu-xin Chen, Ren-man Zhu, Yang Jian, Chi Xiang, Zhen-yuan Nie, Hong-chang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalga-semiconductor hybrids for solar-to-biomass conversion which integrate microalgal photosynthesis with the efficient light capture of artificial semiconductors can significantly promote CO<sub>2</sub> fixation and productivity of microalgal cells. However, such pertinent studies are poor and the promoting mechanism is unclear yet. Silicon carbide nanoparticles (SiC NPs) have remarkable biocompatibility and photocatalytic ability. Here, to get insights into the promoting mechanism the hybrids were constructed by using SiC NPs and microalga <em>Chlorella sorokiniana</em>, and tested the cell growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, changes in extracellular morphology and structure, absorption spectroscopy and photo-electrochemistry. The results showed that in the hybrid systems with SiC NPs in 0-20 mg/L the cell growth, CO<sub>2</sub> fixating and biomass accumulation rate were promoted significantly, with 90 %, 49 % and 38 % increase in the maximum relative electron transport rates, maximal biomass and lipid yields, respectively, in the hybrid with 10 mg/L SiC NPs added. It suggested that SiC NPs can promote microalgal photosynthesis by transferring photogenerated electrons into the electron transport chain, expanding the capture of photoenergy and enhancing intracellular electron transport, rather than photoluminescence or photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 103814"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huchao Yan , Xinggan Peng , Chao Wang , Ao Xia , Yun Huang , Xianqing Zhu , Jingmiao Zhang , Xun Zhu , Qiang Liao
{"title":"Interpretable multi-morphology and multi-scale microalgae classification based on machine learning","authors":"Huchao Yan , Xinggan Peng , Chao Wang , Ao Xia , Yun Huang , Xianqing Zhu , Jingmiao Zhang , Xun Zhu , Qiang Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The multi-morphology and multi-scale mixed microalgae are widely distributed in natural and artificial systems. There is an urgent need to develop an efficient approach to classify the mixed microalgae for natural water system monitoring and microalgae bioprocesses, such as wastewater treatment, carbon dioxide capture and prevention of harmful algal blooms. The numerical feature datasets of pure and mixed cultures of multi-morphic microalgae with a size range between 5 and 500 μm are established in the study. A large number of input features increases model complexity and computational costs, and the feature space dimension was reduced from 24 dimensions to 11 dimensions using the Pearson coefficient matrix and principal component analysis to reduce the impact of unimportant factors. Research indicates that the classification performance of the ensemble model is significantly better than that of the linear and nonlinear models. The average F1_score of the random forest optimized by grid search classified pure and mixed microalgae are 0.952 and 0.943, respectively, which are 2.2 % and 1.0 % higher than those without optimization. The Shapley Additive exPlanations theory and the ensemble model are combined to analyze the critical factors for microalgae classification, and the texture features play a crucial role in all the numerical features of microalgae images.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 103812"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanjuan Wang , Zhenquan Liu , Jiayue Liu , Yuhang Shi , Wenjing Ren , Xiaohong Yan , Jiangpeng Fan , Fengqi Li
{"title":"GIFF-AlgaeDet: An effective and lightweight deep learning method based on Global Information and Feature Fusion for microalgae detection","authors":"Yanjuan Wang , Zhenquan Liu , Jiayue Liu , Yuhang Shi , Wenjing Ren , Xiaohong Yan , Jiangpeng Fan , Fengqi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The identification and detection of microalgae are essential prerequisites for the development and utilization of microalgal resources. Traditional methods for the identification and detection of microalgae face the challenges of poor accuracy and time-consuming labor. Here is a method for microalgae identification and detection proposed in this paper, which utilizes Global Information and Feature Fusion (GIFF).</div><div>Initially, to address the issue of low accuracy, the Coordinate Attention Group Shuffle Convolution (CAGS) is incorporated into the method to enhance the feature extraction capability. Furthermore, to address the issue of time-consuming labor, two small object detection heads for microalgae detection have been designed to effectively improve the training and detection speed. Additionally, the SCYLLA-IoU (SIoU) algorithm is employed to address the issue of unstable model convergence. To assess the efficacy of the method employed in this study, a dataset was intentionally created for the purpose of detecting microalgae. The experimental results indicate that, under the same experimental conditions, the proposed method has achieved significant improvements in terms of average precision, mAP@50, and mAP@95. Compared to the original method, it has increased by 3.1 %, 2 %, and 9.8 %, respectively. Moreover, this algorithm obtains a great improvement in detection speed and lightness, with a 29 % reduction in parameters and a single image detection time of 0.0219 s, which is significantly less than baseline. Location of the dataset and code: <span><span><em>https://github.com/DjtuResearch/Microalgae_detection</em></span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 103815"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michelle Meagher , Alex Metcalf , Mark Vigliotti , S. Alex Ramsey , Walter Prentice , Luca Cohen , Shivani Upadhyaya , Melissa S. Roth , Nanette R. Boyle
{"title":"Genome-scale metabolic model accurately predicts fermentation of glucose by Chromochloris zofingiensis","authors":"Michelle Meagher , Alex Metcalf , Mark Vigliotti , S. Alex Ramsey , Walter Prentice , Luca Cohen , Shivani Upadhyaya , Melissa S. Roth , Nanette R. Boyle","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Algae have the potential to be sources of renewable fuels and chemicals. One particular strain, <em>Chromochloris zofingiensis</em>, is of interest due to the co-production of triacylglycerols (TAGs) and astaxanthin, a valuable nutraceutical. To aid in future engineering efforts, we have developed the first genome-scale metabolic model on <em>C. zofingiensis</em>, <em>i</em>Czof1915. This model includes 1915 genes, 3449 metabolic reactions, and 2682 metabolites across 9 cellular compartments. We performed detailed biomass composition analysis for three growth conditions: autotrophic, mixotrophic and heterotrophic and used this data to develop biomass formation equations for each growth condition. The completed model was then used to predict flux distributions for each growth condition; interestingly, for heterotrophic growth, the model predicts the excretion of fermentation products due to overflow metabolism. We confirmed this experimentally <em>via</em> metabolomics of spent medium and fermentation product assays. An <em>in silico</em> gene essentiality analysis was also performed on this model to evaluate metabolism robustness in each growth condition. In this work, we present the first genome-scale metabolic model of <em>C. zofingiensis</em> and demonstrate its use predicting metabolic activity in different growth conditions, setting up a foundation for future metabolic engineering studies in this organism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 103805"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea Catalina Hernández Muñoz , Ingrid Andrea Rodríguez Martínez , Mairim Russo Serafini , Diana Marcela Aragón
{"title":"Innovative applications of marine-derived algae in cosmetics: A patent review (2010−2023)","authors":"Andrea Catalina Hernández Muñoz , Ingrid Andrea Rodríguez Martínez , Mairim Russo Serafini , Diana Marcela Aragón","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine-derived algae have emerged as a promising source of bioactive compounds with significant potential in cosmetic field. This review aims to research the latest advancements in the cosmetic application of marine-derived algae through a systematic analysis of patents filed between 2010 and 2023, utilizing the Espacenet database from the European Patent Office (EPO). After a rigorous screening process, 29 patents were selected for detailed examination, focusing on the types of algae used, demonstrated cosmetic activities, safety evaluation, and the development of advanced delivery systems. The analysis reveals an increasing interest in brown and red algae, particularly species such as <em>Undaria pinnatifida</em> and <em>Laminaria japonica</em>, commonly employed in skincare products targeting anti-aging, moisturizing, and UV protection. Innovations in delivery systems, including nanoemulsions and encapsulation technologies, are enhancing the stability and efficacy of algae-derived ingredients. The findings highlight the potential of marine-derived algae as a sustainable resource for the cosmetics industry. Continued research and development, supported by a robust intellectual property framework, will be crucial in fully realizing the potential of algae in cosmetics, addressing the projection for innovative products that align with the growing consumer demand for natural and effective skincare solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 103806"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Inoubli , M. López-Álvarez , N. Flórez-Fernández , A. Shili , R. Ksouri , M.D. Torres , P. González , H. Domínguez
{"title":"Microwave-assisted processing of ulvans from Mediterranean Caulerpa prolifera with in vitro cell viability","authors":"S. Inoubli , M. López-Álvarez , N. Flórez-Fernández , A. Shili , R. Ksouri , M.D. Torres , P. González , H. Domínguez","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microwave treatment was selected to extract compounds with gelling and antioxidant properties from <em>Caulerpa prolifera</em> green alga. The proposed microwave hydrothermal conditions had a relevant effect on the antioxidant characteristics of the soluble extracts, achieving the highest values of total phenolic content (80 mg gallic acid/g extract) and antioxidant activities (160 mg Trolox/g extract, 18 mg ascorbic acid/g extract, IC<sub>50</sub>: 234 μg/mL) at 210 °C and 12 min. The maximum of sulphate and soluble protein contents were identified at 180 °C and 6 min. The highest polysaccharide extraction were found after hydrothermal treatment at 210 °C for 3 min. Time-independent fluids following the power law model were identified for all systems. The viscoelastic values of the proposed gels (elastic modulus, G′, around 500 Pa) improved the G′ values (around 50 Pa) obtained under conventional acid extraction conditions. No water syneresis was observed during one month in cold storage. The ulvan with the highest recovery yields was subjected to in vitro tests in concentrations from 0.25 to 1.0 mg/mL with the fibroblastic cell line 929. The cell viability was confirmed, being of special interest the lowest concentration tested, which promoted a metabolic activity significantly higher (<em>p</em> < 0.05) than the highest ones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 103808"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chloroplast expression of myoglobin and functional characterization of C. reinhardtii biomass for alternative meat applications","authors":"Gandhali Phadnis, Gunjan Prakash","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Myoglobin has been extensively studied as an alternative meat ingredient for its meaty flavour, colour, and texture properties. Extracting myoglobin from natural sources does not align with the animal-free criteria of alternative meat. Considering microalgae's nutritional value and GRAS status, myoglobin expression in <em>C. reinhardtii</em> eliminates the need for its extraction. This study aimed to develop myoglobin expressing transplastomic lines of <em>C. reinhardtii</em> and investigate the effect of using various light regimes on myoglobin content at the lab scale. Myoglobin of up to 0.258 mg·g<sup>−1</sup> of DCW was accumulated at shake-flask level. Studies at a 2 L bubble column bag reactor demonstrated a stable and scalable Myoglobin expression system. Further, the functional analysis of myoglobin-expressing <em>C. reinhardtii</em> biomass established its applicability as an alternative meat ingredient. The work demonstrates robust myoglobin expression and its application for the alternative meat industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 103807"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ghasem Mohammadkhani , Amir Mahboubi , Martin Plöhn , Christiane Funk , Päivi Ylitervo
{"title":"Total ammonia removal from anaerobic digestion effluents of municipal sewage sludge using Nordic microalgae","authors":"Ghasem Mohammadkhani , Amir Mahboubi , Martin Plöhn , Christiane Funk , Päivi Ylitervo","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The treatment of organic waste using anaerobic digestion is a promising and well-matured organic waste management method. However, the effluent from anaerobic digestion has a significant discharge risk due to its high ammonium content. Microalgae could be a valuable solution to remove this nitrogen. This work aimed at evaluating the growth of three Nordic microalgae strains (<em>Chlorella vulgaris</em>, <em>Chlorococcum</em> sp. and <em>Coelastrella</em> sp.) in different concentrations of effluent from anaerobic digestion of municipal sewage sludge. None of the strains was able to grow in effluent diluted two times (X2) or three times (X3) due to the high ammonium content (600 and 400 mg L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively). While <em>Chlorococcum</em> sp. showed a lag phase of 7 and 11-days in 5 times (X5) and 7 times (X7) diluted effluent, respectively, this strain demonstrated 53 % and 86 % total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) removal efficiency after 15 days; in X10 its TAN removal was 100 %. Without any lag phase <em>Coelastrella</em> sp. showed the same TAN removal efficiencies in X5 and X7 as <em>Chlorococcum</em> sp. However, <em>C. vulgaris</em> had the highest TAN removal in X5 (90%) and X7 (90%). Furthermore, this strain showed the highest amount of biomass dry weight production in all media (1.1 g L<sup>−1</sup> in X5). Therefore, <em>C. vulgaris</em> and <em>Chlorococcum</em> sp. are promising candidates for nitrogen removal and sustainable algae biomass production, resulting in mitigating the environmental issues of anaerobic digestion effluents in Nordic countries through the conversion of waste streams into resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 103802"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}