Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts最新文献

{"title":"Moving horizon estimation in microalgae-bacteria based wastewater treatment using online and analytical multi-rate measurements","authors":"Irina Bausa-Ortiz ,&nbsp;Erika Oliveira-Silva ,&nbsp;Raúl Muñoz ,&nbsp;Smaranda P. Cristea ,&nbsp;Cesar de Prada","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Population growth and industrialization have resulted into a substantial increase in wastewater production, thereby establishing water purification as a primary concern on a global scale. In this context, microalgae-bacteria based wastewater treatment has emerged as a solution for wastewater treatment and nutrient recovery at a low-energy demand. Nevertheless, operation of this type of wastewater treatment plants is more complex and requires of advanced control systems, capable of maintaining its key variables within appropriate ranges in spite of the periodic variations in environmental variables and wastewater composition. Very often, the implementation of state feedback control laws and model-based control techniques in these processes necessitates full information of the states and other variables of the system in real-time. However, in practical scenarios, only a subset of the variables of microalgae-bacteria processes can be measured online due to the need for more reliable measuring devices or the high costs of online sensors. In addition, these biological processes are subjected to frequent variations, so that the parameters of the models representing them requires continuous adaptation. This paper presents the application of a moving horizon estimation technique to a wastewater treatment process with microalgae and bacteria. The objective of this study is to estimate those variables or parameters that cannot be measured reliably online. This process was nonlinear and subject to uncertainties in the states and parameters. The estimation was coded using MATLAB® software, and simulation results demonstrated the effectiveness of estimation in this biological process, characterized by the availability of multi-rate measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104338"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potato starch production side stream is a suitable medium for microalgae cultivation","authors":"Luka Šupraha ,&nbsp;Margarida Costa ,&nbsp;Trine Dale ,&nbsp;Minna Kahala ,&nbsp;Vesa Joutsjoki ,&nbsp;Anne Pihlanto ,&nbsp;Ethan Wood ,&nbsp;Yan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agro-industrial side streams can provide alternative substrates for microalgae cultivation and sustainable production of valuable bioproducts through recycling and re-use of limited resources. This work explored the potential for using a side stream from potato starch production (evaporation-concentrated potato cell fluid, potato juice) as an alternative medium for scaled-up cultivation of microalgae. A high-throughput screening approach was employed to identify strains of green algae that can grow in the side stream. The selected candidate strains were tested further in optimization experiments to determine the suitable side stream concentration and optimal light intensity. Finally, two strains with the highest specific growth rates in the side stream, <em>Chlorella</em> sp. (NIVA-CHL 15) and <em>Chlorococcum</em> sp. (NIVA-CHL 103) were cultivated in 3 L flat-panel photobioreactors. The biomass was harvested and assessed for the content of carotenoids, fatty acids and amino acids. The 1 % potato juice medium supported growth rates and biomass yield comparable to the commercial algal media, with similar biochemical profiles of the harvested biomass. These results demonstrate that microalgae biotechnology can be employed to valorise unexploited side streams from potato starch production, adding a circular value to this agro-industrial process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104328"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Cyanobacterium aponinum carbon uptake and metabolic flux under gas dispersion and aeration using pulp mill wastewater","authors":"Tsung-Wei Chang,&nbsp;Priskila A. Diankristanti,&nbsp;Cheng-Wei Chung,&nbsp;I-Son Ng","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aeration and gas dispersion critically influence the growth and carbon conversion efficiency of cyanobacterial systems, yet the direct impact on cellular metabolism remains underexplored. This knowledge gap limits the development of scalable cultivation systems optimized for carbon capture and bioproduct formation. In this study, the halophilic <em>Cyanobacterium aponinum</em> PCC10605 was cultured in atomizer-assisted condition at varying flow rates to evaluate the effect on biomass yield, metabolite accumulation, and CO₂ uptake dynamics. Maximum biomass productivity of 5.79 g/L was achieved at 1.5 <em>vvm</em> gas flowrate with atomization at day 7; where glycogen, lipid, and protein concentrations reached 3.20, 1.07, and 1.10 g/L, respectively. A comprehensive kinetic modeling incorporating reaction rate constant (<em>kr</em>), diffusion rate constant (<em>k</em>_D), biomass accumulation and metabolic transformation constant (<em>M</em>) to explore the dominating factors in CO₂ fixation, biomass and metabolic components simultaneously. Dimensionless analysis further revealed that biomass formation was predominantly under diffusion control, with 60 % attributed to CO₂ transfer from gas to liquid phase. Finally, algae successfully increased biomass and protein amounts in a medium mixed with pulp mill wastewater under gas dispersion. These results clearly deciphered that dispersion overcomes the gas to liquid interfacial barrier, thereby offer design principles for advanced carbon capture and metabolic output through microalgal biotechnology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104312"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scalable photobioreactor monitoring: A validated approach to biofouling detection via light transmission method","authors":"Terezia Furova Zakova,&nbsp;Vojtech Belohlav,&nbsp;Tomas Jirout","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of biofouling in transparent photobioreactors represents a significant challenge to microalgal cultivation, affecting light penetration, photosynthetic efficiency, and overall biomass productivity. This study proposes a novel non-invasive method for biofouling detection, founded on the principle of light transmission analysis. This method has been validated across a range of systems, from laboratory to pilot-scale, demonstrating detection sensitivity capable of measuring light reduction from the maturation of the biofilm until it forms an impermeable, continuous layer. The method demonstrated consistent performance across different transparent materials (PMMA and glass) and geometric configurations, with biofilm detection thresholds as low as 1 % light reduction in pilot-scale tubular photobioreactor and 99 % reduction in lab-scale tubular system. Quantitative analysis revealed that biofilm formation typically reduced light transmission by 85 % before natural detachment occurred. The method's scalability was confirmed through successful implementation on systems ranging from 150 mL laboratory tubes to 120 L pilot reactors, offering a cost-effective solution for real-time biofouling monitoring without system modification or maintenance requirements.</div><div>The results show that this approach detects biofilm formation and removal while maintaining its simplicity and non-invasive nature. Given the current limitations of industrial photobioreactor applications, particularly the need to reduce operating and maintenance costs, this method offers a valuable solution for real-time biofouling monitoring. It allows early detection of biofilm in critical areas and helps reduce biofouling. This study highlights the potential of light transmission method as an effective and practical tool for enhancing photobioreactor performance in various applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104314"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-current electrostimulation boosts Dunaliella salina growth on hypersaline produced water","authors":"Carine Souza da Silva ,&nbsp;Gustavo Miranda Pires Santos ,&nbsp;Gabriele Rodrigues Conceição ,&nbsp;Ian da Silva Andrade ,&nbsp;Alana Nogueira Silva ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Miranda Pires Santos ,&nbsp;Fabio Alexandre Chinalia","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The oil industry generates vast volumes of produced water (PW), a hypersaline effluent containing toxic compounds, posing significant environmental and economic challenges. This study investigates the effects of low-alternating electric currents (50, 750 and 990 μA) on <em>Dunaliella salina</em> cultivated in PW versus synthetic media (both 8.5 % salinity). Algal cultures were first tested with 30 min electrical stimulation every 24 h, but in a second group of experiments cultures were tested with 30 min every 12 h (twice daily). Key findings reveal that electric stimulation extended the exponential growth phase across all treatments, but 990 μA currents increasing total biomass by 80 % in synthetic media. Notably, 50 μA once-daily increased total biomass by 23 % and lipid ratios by 36 % in PW, yielding a net 69 % rise in total lipids. Pigment analysis also showed medium-dependent responses as chlorophyll-α declined in synthetic media but increased in PW under low currents. This work advances sustainable aquaculture by valorizing PW as a microalgal growth medium, reducing freshwater demand, and optimizing lipid-rich biomass production. Estimations show that for reproducing this experiment using a 1000 m³ photobioreactor would require the maximum of 0.0124 kWh/day, with maximum annual energy cost of €0.91 per treatment (assuming €0.20/kWh).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104315"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of growth, CO2 capture, and biomass biochemical composition between Chlorococcum humicola and Chlorella vulgaris under varying CO2 concentrations and simulated cement flue gas","authors":"Jareeluk Plengsakul ,&nbsp;Shiva Rezaei Motlagh ,&nbsp;Sorawit Powtongsook ,&nbsp;Pichaya In-na ,&nbsp;Man Kee Lam ,&nbsp;Kasidit Nootong","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comparative evaluation of <em>Chlorococcum humicola</em> and <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> cultivated under varying CO₂ concentrations (0.04 % to 20 %) and simulated cement flue gas. The highest biomass concentrations (869 mg/L for <em>C. humicola</em> and 1284 mg/L for <em>C. vulgaris</em>), together with the maximum CO₂ fixation rates (154 mg/L⋅d for <em>C. humicola</em> and 214 mg/L⋅d for <em>C. vulgaris</em>), were observed at 5 % CO₂. Both microalgae demonstrated tolerance to simulated cement flue gas (15.50 % CO₂, 220 ppm NO, and 1.3 ppm SO₂), achieving biomass concentrations and CO₂ fixation rates comparable to those observed under 10 % and 15 % CO₂ as well as ambient air. <em>C. humicola</em> yielded higher carotenoid contents than <em>C. vulgaris</em> across the tested CO₂ range. At 5 % CO₂, both microalgae exhibited the highest carotenoid contents, with neoxanthin and violaxanthin predominating in <em>C. humicola</em> while lutein predominated in <em>C. vulgaris.</em> Although <em>C. humicola</em> contained lower protein contents (32.55 % to 40.25 %) compared to <em>C. vulgaris</em>, it remains a promising alternative as live feed for aquacultures and as a source of bioactive compounds. Notably, unlike <em>C. vulgaris</em>, <em>C. humicola</em> formed large aggregates, which allowed simple biomass harvesting via filtration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104334"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tolerance evolution in cyanobacteria under chronic copper and moxifloxacin stress: Phenotypic plasticity and genomic fixation","authors":"Gaijuan Hou ,&nbsp;Yihan Liu ,&nbsp;Wenbin Liu ,&nbsp;Meiyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Huijun Ding ,&nbsp;Wenguang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Whether antibiotic resistance driven by environmental pollutant represents a transient ecological response or a permanent evolutionary shift remains a critical knowledge gap in global health. Here, we tracked the antibiotic tolerance evolution of the primary producer <em>Synechocystis</em> sp. PCC 6803 under chronic exposure (140 d) to environmentally relevant concentrations of copper [Cu(II): 250 μg/L] and the fluoroquinolone antibiotic moxifloxacin [MOX: 20 μg/L], respectively. The evolved cyanobacterial populations acquired high-level tolerance without obvious fitness costs. Notably, this tolerance exhibited dual characteristics: multidrug cross-tolerance was transient and fully reversible upon stressor removal, whereas tolerance to the selective agent itself [Cu(II) or MOX] was stable and heritable. Multi-omics analyses revealed the mechanistic basis for this divergence. Transient tolerance was driven by a highly dynamic form of phenotypic plasticity—manifested as transcriptional reprogramming and large-scale genomic variations that conferred a temporary fitness advantage but were rapidly lost without selective pressures. In contrast, the persistent resistance was cemented by the point mutation in <em>rpoB</em> gene. Our findings demonstrate that pollutants in the environment may drive the antibiotic resistance evolution in cyanobacteria and foster persistent stress tolerance. This highlights the potential risks of primary producers in the aquatic environment as an antibiotic resistance reservoir and vectors for antibiotic resistance dissemination, underscoring the necessity of integrated risk assessment and source control strategies under the “One Health” framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104327"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phlorotannin from Turbinaria ornata exhibits anticoagulant and antiplatelet activity: A promising natural resource for thrombotic disorder management","authors":"Ans Mariya George ,&nbsp;Kajal Chakraborty ,&nbsp;Mereeta Thundathil James ,&nbsp;Ashwin Ashok Pai","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phlorotannins derived from the brown macroalga <em>Turbinaria ornata</em> exhibit anticoagulant and antiplatelet activity, making them a promising natural resource for functional foods targeting thrombotic disorders. The phlorotannin extract (TOC), identified as a mixture of eckols, fuhalols, and carmalol derivatives, exhibited a total phenolic content of 141.3 mg GAE/g and a phlorotannin content of 21.1 mg PGE/g (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Further purification of TOC with Amberlite XAD-16 resin produced a phlorotannin-rich fraction (TOP), exhibiting an elevated total phenolic content (171.2 mg GAE/g) and phlorotannin content (38.2 mg PGE/g). Bioactivity assessment revealed that TOP exhibited potent antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ ⁓ 0.2 mg/mL) and significant anticoagulant properties. TOP (25 <em>μ</em>g/mL) significantly prolonged coagulation times by increasing activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) from 22.95 s to 131.35 s and prothrombin time (PT) from 23.90 s to 86.02 s. In thrombin-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), TOP (6.25–25 <em>μ</em>g/mL) reduced intracellular calcium mobilization by 22.8–50 % and fibrin polymerization by 36.7–59.4 % in plasma. Additionally, TOP (6.25–25 <em>μ</em>g/mL) decreased the fluorescent intensities of phosphorylated MARCKS (p-MARCKS) and factor Xa (FXa) by 18.2–74.9 % and 43.1–85.2 %, respectively (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). In a dose-dependent manner, TOP (6.25–25 <em>μ</em>g/mL) inhibited total thrombin production by 20.5–60.3 %. Furthermore, TOP (6.25–25 <em>μ</em>g/mL) reduced adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation by 18.14–63.97 % and induced structural changes in platelets, promoting a less aggregated state. The ability of phlorotannins to modulate both intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation cascades highlights the therapeutic potential of TOP in regulating clot formation and preventing vascular damage, thereby warranting further molecular and clinical investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104309"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroalgaeNet: Enhancing recognition of long-tailed marine microalgae images through multi-expert networks and feature compression","authors":"Keyi Chen,&nbsp;Sijing Cui,&nbsp;Jiajun Zhong,&nbsp;Qiwei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recognition of marine microalgae is crucial for assessing the ecological status of natural water bodies. This study presents a novel approach to address the challenges of inefficiency, limited Precision, and long-tailed data distributions inherent in manual microscopic examination. Unlike previous works focusing mainly on data augmentation or re-weighting, we introduce for the first time a ResNeXt-50-based multi-expert network, coupled with an exponential-function-based feature compression mechanism, to improve the recognition of marine microalgae images. This innovative approach specifically mitigates the impact of class imbalance on classification performance. The method is evaluated on the WHIO-Plankton dataset, which comprises images of 23 marine microalgae species. Our proposed method sets a new state-of-the-art (SOTA) benchmark, achieving a leading average precision of 88% and an average recall of 86.62%. The model significantly outperforms the baseline (<span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>05</mn></mrow></math></span>), demonstrating its enhanced ability to identify tail categories. Furthermore, with an inference latency of 8.556 ms, our model demonstrates strong feasibility for real-world deployment. These results indicate that the proposed approach can effectively enhance the recognition performance of marine microalgae, offering valuable support for marine microbial research and life science applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104333"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of bubbles on the light field within a photobioreactor: A practical design tool","authors":"Victor Pozzobon","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bubbles can be strong modulators of the light field they interact with. An example of such a configuration is a photobioreactor hosting a microalgae culture where bubbles and cells contributions entangle. To investigate this question, this work computed bubble distribution in a photobioreactor setup using OpenFOAM. Then, Ray Tracing coupled with the Monte Carlo Method was used to calculate the light over 3240 configurations (cell concentrations, strains, pigment profiles, void fraction, etc.). From a physical perspective, this investigation showed that the presence of bubbles lengthens the ray path within the culture medium and increases the apparent absorption. In addition, a sizable amount of the incident light can be reflected and scattered away (about 10% for a 2.15% void fraction). From a numerical perspective, using a dimensionless approach and physics-based formulation, the whole knowledge of the database was condensed into an exponential decay (Beer–Lambert like) model. The methodology was first used on a bubble-free setup (360 profiles), where it delivered accurate local and global predictions of the light and the reflected light fraction. Then, it was expanded to the whole database. All in all, it allowed to compute the local light field, total distributed energy, and reflected light fraction with accuracies (MARE) of 9.50, 2.25, and 6.35%, respectively. It also allowed to distinguish between bubbles and microalgae contributions. Owing to its simplicity and computational efficiency, the model can be used to precisely account for detailed light distribution in large-scale models, opening the way to improving the computation of country-scale microalgae cultivation performances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104331"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}