Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts最新文献

{"title":"The combined effect of phosphorus forms and zinc on arsenic toxicity and bioaccumulation in Phaeodactylum tricornutum","authors":"Jiandi Li ,&nbsp;Liping Jia ,&nbsp;Yongqiang Tian ,&nbsp;Xiaohuang Chen ,&nbsp;Fengjiao Liu ,&nbsp;Xuguang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae employ transporter proteins that are shared arsenate (As(V)) to efficiently uptake phosphate (dissolved inorganic phosphorus, DIP). Additionally, zinc-activated enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (AP), drive the dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) assimilation, thereby intricately linking the dynamics of zinc (Zn), phosphorus (P), and As(V). This study investigated the effects of two distinct P forms (DOP and DIP) and Zn levels on the toxicity and bioaccumulation of As(V) in <em>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</em>. The results showed that <em>P. tricornutum</em> showed a marked decrease in chlorophyll <em>a</em> (Chl <em>a</em>), maximal photochemical efficiency of Photosystem II (Fv/fm) parameter for plant stress detection, and cell density in DOP cultures compared with DIP cultures. However, the supplementation of Zn alleviated the development of <em>P. tricornutum</em> in DOP conditions. Furthermore, the results also indicated that the 96-h EC₅₀ values of As(V) toxicity in <em>P. tricornutum</em> was enhanced by DOP, but the addition of Zn alleviates this effect. Moreover, the intracellular As of <em>P. tricornutum</em> was reduced by 35.79 %, and 36.80 % in DOP+Zn culture compared to DOP culture at 0.05, and 0.1 μmol·L⁻¹ As(V) exposures, respectively. However, there were no significant differences between Zn additions to the growth and intracellular As of <em>P. tricornutum</em> in DIP conditions. These results suggest that DOP enhances As toxicity in microalgae, but Zn can significantly attenuate the toxicity and bioaccumulation of As in microalgae under DOP, thereby impacting the cycling of As in marine ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104097"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pp07886, a glycoside hydrolase family 5 protein from Pythium porphyrae, is a required virulence factor and induces host disease resistance","authors":"Huichao Yang ,&nbsp;Zhaolan Mo ,&nbsp;Peiwen Weng ,&nbsp;Yongwei Yan ,&nbsp;Lei Tang ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Rong ,&nbsp;Jie Li","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Pythium porphyrae</em> is an important waterborne oomycete pathogen causing red rot disease in the red alga <em>Pyropia yezoensis</em>. However, the virulence factors and pathogenic mechanisms of <em>Pyt</em>. <em>porphyrae</em> remain unknown, hindering the development of prevention and control methods against red rot disease. In this study, the <em>Phytophthora sojae</em> transformation system was used to investigate the virulence factors – glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5) in <em>Pyt</em>. <em>porphyrae</em>. The expression of 14 GH5 genes in <em>Pyt</em>. <em>porphyrae</em> at different developmental and infection stages was analyzed. The GH5 gene <em>Pp07886</em> was significantly induced at the early (30 min post-infection) and middle (5 days post-infection) stages of infection, indicating its critical role in <em>Pyt</em>. <em>porphyrae</em> invasion. Heterologous expression transformant of <em>Phy</em>. <em>sojae</em> (Ps-hePp07886-11) and mutants of <em>Ps4041</em> (the homolog of <em>Pp07886</em> in <em>Phy</em>. <em>sojae</em>), PsΔ4041-RFP and PsΔ4041-Pp07886, were generated to evaluated the function of <em>Pp07886</em>. Compared to the wild-type strain, the virulence of Ps-hePp07886-11 increased significantly in soybeans. Compared to PsΔ4041-RFP, the mycelial growth and virulence of PsΔ4041-Pp07886 enhanced. These results indicated that <em>Pp07886</em> may contribute to growth and virulence. The qRT-PCR and immunoblotting revealed rapid induction of <em>Pp07886</em> within 3 h post-infection in both Ps-hePp07886-11 and PsΔ4041-Pp07886. Furthermore, the recombinant Pp07886 protein could improve the resistance of soybean to <em>Phy</em>. <em>sojae</em> P6497 infection. These results suggested that Pp07886 may play an important role in oomycete virulence and growth, and could enhance the host resistance to pathogen infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104096"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response mechanisms of microalgal-bacterial granular sludge to different loading strategies of copper oxide nanoparticles","authors":"Alfonz Kedves ,&nbsp;Zoltán Kónya","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effects of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) at concentrations of 1–50 mg/L on the microalgal-bacterial granular sludge (MBGS) wastewater treatment process, comparing two nanoparticle addition methods: shock-load (SL) and stepwise (SW) increases. The results demonstrated that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia‑nitrogen (NH₃-N) removal were more sensitive in the reactor with shock-load (R_SL), phosphate concentrations were higher in the effluent from the reactor with stepwise increases (R_SW). Accumulation of nitrate‑nitrogen was observed only in the SW method at CuO NP concentrations ≥20 mg/L, likely due to the nanoparticles becoming entrapped within the granule interiors, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) mapping. Although total EPS levels were highest in both reactors at 20 mg/L CuO NP dosage, the levels were significantly higher in the RSW sludge (191.1 mg/g MLVSS in R_SL vs. 218.3 mg/g MLVSS in R_SW), primarily due to the long-term exposure leading to increased loosely-bound EPS (LB-EPS) content (75.7 mg/g MLVSS in R_SL vs. 102.9 mg/g MLVSS in R_SW). Furthermore, CuO NPs interacted with EPS, binding to N<img>H, C<img>N, C<img>O, and C-O-C groups in protein (PN) and polysaccharide (PS) structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104099"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stressing cyanobacteria for enhanced production of bulk and value-added chemicals","authors":"Guanlan Mo ,&nbsp;Xuejing Xu ,&nbsp;Huili Sun ,&nbsp;Jiahui Sun ,&nbsp;Shaoming Mao ,&nbsp;Jinyu Cui ,&nbsp;Guodong Luan ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cyanobacteria, ancient photosynthetic prokaryotes capable of directly converting CO₂ and solar energy into various chemicals through photosynthesis, have drawn great attention as a photosynthetic biomanufacturing platform. To enhance the production of various chemicals, multi-dimensional engineering strategies spanning genetic modification to process optimization have been developed. Notably, stress activation strategies, characterized by their strong controllability and the absence of transgenic risks, have recently attracted significant attention. These strategies could reprogram native metabolic networks, effectively redirecting photosynthetic flux toward targeted biosynthesis pathways while maintaining cellular viability, thereby boosting the production of both bulk and value-added chemicals. This review summarizes recent advances in stress-driven cyanobacterial chemical production, including compatible solutes, pigments and biofuels. We dissect regulatory mechanisms at transcriptional, translational, and enzymatic levels, and discuss challenges and potential strategies for enhancing the large-scale industrial production of cyanobacteria under stress conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104095"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marine algae oligosaccharides: Eco-friendly elicitors for sustainable agriculture","authors":"Abhisha Roy ,&nbsp;Girish T.R. ,&nbsp;Sri Sailaja Nori ,&nbsp;Shrikumar Surya Narayan ,&nbsp;Saikat Bhattacharjee ,&nbsp;Vipin Hallan","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With an increasing demand for agricultural production to meet global needs, the emphasis is on enhancing crop yields over expansion on arable farming lands. Traditional methods to combat plant diseases involving fungicides, bactericides, and insecticides have raised concerns due to their adverse effects on health and the environment. Consequently, there is an urgent need for novel and environmentally friendly approaches to control plant diseases. Elicitors are defined as substances that stimulate the production of specific bioactive components. These compounds, when applied in small quantities, activate plant defense mechanisms. Seaweeds, classified into three major groups, play crucial roles in marine ecosystems and have great economic significance. Among the aquatic flora, these marine algae are especially notable for their high content of marine algae polysaccharides (MAP), including carrageenan, alginate, fucoidan, laminaran, agarose and ulvan that have been reported to act as elicitors of plant defenses. When hydrolyzed, MAPs yield marine algae oligosaccharides (MAOs), which garnered more significant interest in recent years because of their superior solubility. This review presents a holistic view of seaweeds as natural elicitors, primarily focusing on MAPs and MAOs in enhancing the defensive capabilities of plants. We discuss various methodologies deployed to process MAOs from MAPs, and provide a comprehensive comparison of their efficacies. Further, we explore their application regimens of as elicitors for plant defense, particularly in the context of sustainable agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104093"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon dioxide-assisted enhancement of microalgae growth and pollutant removal in piggery wastewater by newly-isolated ammonia-tolerant microalgae Chlorella sorokinfana","authors":"Junjie He ,&nbsp;Jingcheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Huaiyi Ren ,&nbsp;Yao Zhang ,&nbsp;Huankai Li ,&nbsp;Hui Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Livestock and poultry breeding produces a large amount of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and wastewater with high concentrations of ammonia‑nitrogen (NH₃−N), such as piggery wastewater (PW). Whether CO₂ can promote microalgae growth and pollutant removal is promising in the green and sustainable treatment of PW. Thus, this study isolated an ammonia-tolerance microalgae species from the PW, which was used to find optimal CO₂ aeration concentration in the microalgae-based PW treatment. The isolated species was identified as <em>Chlorella sorokinfana</em> (genetic similarity of 100 %). The optimal 20 % CO₂ addition could provide carbon sources and balance pH, when compared with the control group within nine days, the growth rate and chlorophyll <em>a</em> of the isolated microalgae reached 6.00 × 10⁷ cells/mL/d and 8.79 mg/L, which considerably increased by 113 % and 79 %, respectively (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05); the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, dissolved organics, total nitrogen, NH₃-N, and total phosphorous were significantly increased from 42 %, 80 %, 23 %, 28 %, and 34 % to 70 %, 88 %, 66 %, 72 %, and 99 %, respectively (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Differential expression genes were also the highest in the 20 % CO₂ vs the control groups. Based on the enrichment analysis, 20 % CO₂ aeration upregulated ribosome biogenesis and nitrogen metabolism, thus promoting microalgae growth and protein synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104094"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of series operation of high-rate algal ponds treating sanitary sewage: hydrodynamics, remediation potential, and biomass production","authors":"Iara Barbosa Magalhães ,&nbsp;Miriam Costa Fateixa Reis ,&nbsp;Alexia Saleme Aona de Paula Pereira ,&nbsp;Matheus Quintão Braga ,&nbsp;Paula Peixoto Assemany ,&nbsp;Maria Lúcia Calijuri","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Operational modifications are a promising, cost-effective strategy to increase the efficiency of algal systems applied to sewage treatment. In this context, this study investigates the effectiveness of operating High-rate Algal Ponds (HRAPs) in series for sanitary sewage treatment, focusing on improving technical performance by assessing pollutant removal efficiencies and biomass production. A hydrodynamic analysis determined Bodenstein's value of 9.7 for HRAPs, indicating a complete mixing regime and suggesting potential benefits to series operation. Subsequently, two systems were operated, each comprising two HRAPs: one operated in series (with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 5 days in each HRAP) and one operated in parallel (with an HRT of 10 days in each HRAP). The series operation achieved higher coliforms and <em>E. coli</em> removal (97.79 % and 98.33 % compared to 84.09 % and 89.56 % in parallel), while no statistically significant differences were observed in nutrient removal or biomass production. However, the parallel system exhibited 14 % higher TOC removal and biomass with greater lipid (19 %), protein (76 %), and carbohydrate (44 %) content, while the series had higher ash content (65 % higher). Discussions approach the roles of hydrodynamics, nutrient balance, and senescence to explain the performance of each system. Future research should focus on reaching a plug flow regime by optimizing mixing, besides testing more than two ponds in series.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104091"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional characterization of the recombinant L-type lectin from red alga Gracilaria fisheri with antibacterial potential","authors":"Boonyakorn Boonsri ,&nbsp;Tawut Rudtanatip ,&nbsp;Pongsak Khunrare ,&nbsp;Triwit Rattanarojpong ,&nbsp;Boonsirm Withyachumnarnkul ,&nbsp;Kanokpan Wongprasert","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine algal lectins are promising bioactive compounds with antimicrobial potential. This study produced and characterized a recombinant legume-type lectin from <em>Gracilaria fisheri</em> (rLGFL) and evaluated its antibacterial activity. The <em>LGFL</em> gene was cloned, sequence-verified, and expressed in <em>Escherichia coli</em>. Western blot analysis using a mouse polyclonal antiserum confirmed rLGFL expression. Functional assays demonstrated strong hemagglutination against rabbit erythrocytes, indicating carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) functionality. rLGFL agglutinated <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> (3HP), <em>Vibrio harveyi</em> (1114), and <em>Aeromonas veronii</em> while exhibiting bactericidal activity against all tested pathogens, including non-agglutinated <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> (A3212), <em>Streptococcus agalactiae</em>, <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>, and <em>Edwardsiella ictaluri</em>. These findings suggest dual antibacterial mechanisms: agglutination-mediated pathogen immobilization and direct bactericidal effects. Seasonal analysis of <em>G. fisheri</em> from Songkhla, Thailand, revealed peak <em>LGFL</em> expression from January to March and July to September, identifying optimal harvesting periods. This study highlights rLGFL as a potential eco-friendly antibacterial agent with applications in aquaculture and disease management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104092"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-invasive monitoring of cyanobacteria growth in a nanocellulose matrix","authors":"Tuukka Levä ,&nbsp;Ella Mahlamäki ,&nbsp;Sergey Kosourov ,&nbsp;Yagut Allahverdiyeva ,&nbsp;Mikko Mäkelä ,&nbsp;Tekla Tammelin","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid-state photosynthetic cell factories (SSPCFs) for sustainable chemicals manufacturing can be developed towards industrially relevant environment with rapid feedback control over their operation. This requires non-invasive monitoring of the immobilized cells in situ, which is not possible with existing methods. We deployed hyperspectral imaging in the photosynthetically active radiation range (400–700 nm) to enable such monitoring. We systematically assessed cell growth and potential stress during immobilization by studying how 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized cellulose nanofiber hydrogel thickness, immobilized <em>Synechocystis</em> sp. PCC 6803 cell density and time affected the immobilized cells' absorbance spectra. Time and gel thickness together accounted for almost 80 % of the changes in the spectra. We then calibrated the imaging spectra for chlorophyll <em>a</em> to non-invasively estimate growth of healthy cells in the matrices. Promising correlation for chlorophyll <em>a</em> (model coefficient of determination, R² = 0.90) was observed between hyperspectral imaging and spectrophotometry references from methanol-extracted samples regardless of spatial differences that developed in the matrices over time. Clustering of the image pixels enabled analyzing these differences in the chlorophyll <em>a</em> concentration non-invasively from the whole matrix areas. In the future, this non-invasive data-driven method could be further developed for monitoring SSPCFs' biointelligent chemicals production, contamination, stress and cell growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104090"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Nostoc sp. biomass and protein composition in high-density cultivator based on DoE","authors":"Veronica Lucato ,&nbsp;Yob Ihadjadene ,&nbsp;Stefania Sut ,&nbsp;Stefano Dall'Acqua ,&nbsp;Eleonora Sforza ,&nbsp;Felix Krujatz","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-density (HD) cultivation systems are a valuable alternative to improve the productivity of phototrophic microorganisms. They are designed to address the major challenges such as low cell densities, light attenuation, and inefficient gas exchange, offering innovative solutions. This work investigates the HD cultivation of the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium <em>Nostoc</em> sp. PCC 7120 under diazotrophic conditions, employing a hydrophobic membrane system for efficient CO₂ and N₂ transfer. A design of experiment (DoE) approach is applied to evaluate the influence of key operating variables, including light intensity, photoperiod, and phosphorus concentration, on biomass productivity (P_X) and nitrogen fixation (P_N). Mathematical models, describing the interactions between these process variables and growth responses are developed and validated, enabling the optimization of cultivation conditions to maximise productivity. Remarkable biomass productivity of 1.53 g_X L⁻¹ d⁻¹ was obtained in this system, under diazotrophic conditions. P_X was largely affected by light intensity, which should be supplied continuously, aligning with the ability of heterocystous species like <em>Nostoc</em> sp. of simultaneously perform photosynthesis and N-fixation. Additionally, phosphorus concentration was a critical parameter that must be precisely controlled to prevent substrate limitation or inhibition, with an optimal value of 34.1 mg_P L⁻¹. The produced biomass was further characterised with a focus on its nitrogen-rich molecules, particularly proteins, and nutritional value, assessed through essential amino acid content. The results showed that protein content was improved (53.4 %) at 280 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, 25.5 mg_P L⁻¹_, and 18 h light period, with essential amino acid ranging between 11 % and 15 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104088"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}