Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts最新文献

{"title":"Empty bed residence time regulates synergistic effect of algae-bacteria consortia in volatile organic compounds treatment: Performance and mechanism","authors":"Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Zhuowei Cheng ,&nbsp;Jianmeng Chen ,&nbsp;Dongzhi Chen ,&nbsp;Feifei Cao ,&nbsp;Jiade Wang ,&nbsp;Zhaoyang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biological treatment technology utilizing algal-bacteria consortium (ABC) has shown remarkable effectiveness in synergistically reducing emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and CO₂. However, the impact of empty bed residence time (EBRT) on the performance and underlying synergistic mechanisms of the ABC has remained unclear. In this study, we systematically compared an algal-bacterial airlift photobioreactor (PB) with a conventional bacterial airlift bioreactor (CB) under varying EBRT conditions. At longer EBRTs of 51 and 34 s, both reactors achieved nearly 100 % removal efficiency (RE) for <em>n</em>-butyl acetate. Simultaneously, the activity of the Rubisco enzyme increased substantially, enhancing the CO₂ assimilation efficiency (<span><math><msub><mi>R</mi><msub><mi>CO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></msub></math></span>) of the microalgae, which peaked at 92.65 ± 0.88 %. At shorter EBRTs of 26 and 20 s, the PB exhibited <em>n</em>-butyl acetate REs approximately 1.11 and 1.46 times higher than the CB, respectively. Notably, shorter EBRT stimulated the ABC to secrete more extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and promoted the formation of more complex microbial communities, thereby ensuring more stable and efficient pollutant removal. It is demonstrated in this work that synergistic reductions of VOCs and CO₂ across various environmental conditions can be effectively achieved by the ABC, providing valuable theoretical insights for the development of gas bio-purification technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 104113"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical, thermal, and functional characterization of released polymeric substances of Neowestiellopsis sp. strain VKB03","authors":"Saumi Pandey,&nbsp;Vinod K. Kannaujiya","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synthetic polymers are widely used in forming plastic, food additives, pharmacopolymers and developing cosmetic formulations in the industry. However, the non-biodegradable properties of synthetic polymers have resulted in significant and irreversible ecological negative impacts. Over the past few decades, there has been a significant surge in the demand for environmentally friendly and bio-based products. On the verge of finding natural polymers, cyanobacterial released polymers play a promising role in safeguarding nature. In the present study, we have extracted released polymeric substances (RPSs) from <em>Neowestiellopsis</em> sp. strain VKB03. The biochemical analyses of RPSs revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, and DNA, garnered with both inorganic and organic substituents. RPSs showed excellent functional, thermal, and antioxidant properties. FT-IR data revealed the presence of various functional groups and glycosidic linkage. Experimental results showed a good water holding capacity (1822.5 ± 1.2 %), an oil holding capacity (144.0 ± 0.6 %), and water solubility index (30 ± 0.8 %). Thermal gravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analyses have shown excellent thermostable properties. The bioflocculation and emulsifying activity further proves RPSs as an alternative for synthetic polymers in many commercially established industrial sectors. Structurally, glycan-peptide and circular dichroism analyses reveal o-linked glycosylation and random coil conformation respectively. Microstructure analysis and XRD pattern reveal the irregular shape and amorphous nature of RPSs respectively. The findings of this study indicate that cyanobacterial RPSs provides a promising approach for leveraging utilization in diverse domains of industrial sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 104114"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photoacclimation strategies in Phaeodactylum tricornutum biofilms","authors":"Beatriz Felices-Rando ,&nbsp;Andrea Fanesi ,&nbsp;Eleonora Sforza ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Bezzo ,&nbsp;Filipa Lopes","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgal biofilms are a promising alternative to conventional suspended cultures, offering increased biomass densities with reduced water and energy demands for cultivation and harvesting. However, to fully demonstrate their interest for large-scale production, a better understanding of the impact of operational factors on biofilm structure is required. This study explores the effect of four different photon flux densities (75, 150, 300 and 600 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹) on <em>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</em> biofilms cultivated in a millifluidic system. For the first time, biofilm structure and physiology were characterised in situ, non-destructively by complementary imaging tools (Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, CLSM, and Optical Coherence Tomography, OCT) and dissolved oxygen measurements. Biofilms cultivated at 150 and 300 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ presented the highest growth rates (0.31 and 0.38 d⁻¹) while higher light intensities (600 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹) induced photoinhibition. On the other hand, biofilms at 75 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ exhibited the lowest growth rate (0.23 d⁻¹) but they were extremely efficient in converting absorbed light into biomass (2.5 times more efficient than the biofilms grown at 300 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹). Interestingly, adjustments in the optical properties of biofilms exposed to different light conditions were observed through changes in the light extinction coefficient with biofilms becoming more transparent when their thickness was higher than 200–300 μm. These findings reveal important photoacclimation strategies in <em>P. tricornutum</em> biofilms and highlight the potential of exploiting different light intensities and harvesting strategies to optimise the operation of biofilm-based processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 104111"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the molecular mechanisms of Microcystis aeruginosa eradication by didecyl methyl propyl ammonium iodide: A combined transcriptomic and physiological approach","authors":"Hongtao Liu ,&nbsp;Yusu Yin ,&nbsp;Xiyu Shen ,&nbsp;Yifei Shen ,&nbsp;Ruitong Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Yang ,&nbsp;Liu Shao ,&nbsp;Jianheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Qi Zhu ,&nbsp;Peimin He","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global concern is rising over the harmful impact of cyanobacterial blooms. Chemical prevention has broad prospects in controlling cyanobacterial blooms. Didecyl methyl propyl ammonium iodide (DMPAI) has been proven to be an effective and relatively safe reagent for controlling <em>Microcystis</em> blooms, with its efficacy in pilot test field applications already verified. In our research, field - scale killing experiments were carried out, and by means of transcriptomic and physiological experiments, we investigated the algicidal mechanism of DMPAI against <em>Microcystis aeruginosa</em>. The field experiments demonstrated that DMPAI exhibits a remarkable algicidal effect on <em>M. aeruginosa</em>. Microscopic analysis disclosed that DMPAI treatment caused surface depressions and cell lysis in cyanobacterial cells. OJIP transient measurements revealed that DMPAI at 0.5 mg/L caused marked elevation of the J-step (at ~2 ms) and I-step (at ~30 ms) in the fluorescence induction curve. Biochemical analysis showed that DMPAI treatment initially increased antioxidant enzyme activities and MDA levels, followed by a decrease. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that under DMPAI treatment, a total of 158 genes exhibited significant changes. Key findings show a marked downregulation of glutathione peroxidase, decreased molecular chaperones, increased ATPases, and notable changes in photosystem II proteins. The comprehensive results suggests that DMPAI inhibits <em>M. aeruginosa</em> by impairing the antioxidant system, damaging membrane lipid proteins, impacting energy synthesis, and hindering photosynthetic capacity, thus showing strong algicidal effectiveness. These findings highlight DMPAI's potent algicidal properties and its potential application in controlling cyanobacterial blooms, which may contribute to future environmental management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 104116"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techno-economic analysis of microalgae cultivation strategies: batch and semi-continuous approaches","authors":"David Quiroz ,&nbsp;John A. McGowen ,&nbsp;Jason C. Quinn","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Algal biomass is a promising sustainable feedstock for low-carbon fuels, chemicals, and proteins, but large-scale deployment remains economically challenging due to high cultivation costs. This study evaluates the economic viability of algal biomass production using batch and semi-continuous cultivation in open raceway ponds. A modular engineering process model was developed to quantify mass and energy flows across key processes, including seed production, biomass cultivation, and dewatering. Two seed train configurations were evaluated: high-density systems using photobioreactors and low-density systems relying on covered and lined ponds. This process model informed a techno-economic analysis to determine the minimum biomass selling price (MBSP) across four cultivation and seed train scenarios. Results indicate that semi-continuous cultivation achieves a lower MBSP ($1130–$1200 per metric tonne) than batch cultivation ($1380–$2040 per metric tonne), primarily due to reduced seed train costs. Seed production costs ranged from $40 to $350 per metric tonne in low-density configurations and $105 to $940 per metric tonne in high-density configurations, making batch systems with high-density seed trains economically unviable. Economic viability in semi-continuous cultivation was found to be sensitive to culture stability, with cost-parity reached if mean-time-to-failure decreases to 26 days. Additionally, batch cultivation can match the cost levels of semi-continuous systems at productivities exceeding 28 g m⁻² d⁻¹. These findings provide key insights into optimizing algal biomass production costs by balancing seed train configuration, cultivation strategy, and productivity thresholds, offering a pathway to more cost-competitive algae-based bioproducts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 104109"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and evaluation of an alginate-based cream formulation from Sargassum vulgare: Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and safety assessments","authors":"Nebahat Aytuna Çerçi ,&nbsp;Betül Aydın ,&nbsp;Mehmet Naz ,&nbsp;Selin Sayın ,&nbsp;Erdi Can Aytar ,&nbsp;Şerife Akküçük ,&nbsp;Ali Osman Kılıç","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the potential of alginate extracted from <em>Sargassum vulgare</em> as a multifunctional ingredient in cosmetic formulations, emphasizing its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and safety properties. Alginate was extracted and characterized, then incorporated into a topical cream formulation. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the microdilution method against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, and <em>Candida albicans</em>. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined as 0.31 mg/mL for <em>S. aureus</em> and <em>Bacillus cereus</em>, while <em>P. aeruginosa</em> exhibited the highest susceptibility with a minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 0.63 mg/mL. The antioxidant potential of alginate was assessed through DPPH and iron chelating assays, yielding IC₅₀ values of 13.63 mg/mL and 0.26 mg/mL, respectively. The microbiological challenge test demonstrated that the alginate-based cream formulation significantly inhibited microbial growth, notably eliminating <em>S. aureus</em> by day 7 and <em>E. coli</em> by day 28. Cytotoxicity evaluations on L929 fibroblast cells confirmed the biocompatibility of the alginate-based cream, with a higher cell viability rate (56.22 % at 1 mg/mL) compared to the standard preservative-containing formulation (35.85 %). Molecular docking studies revealed that alginate interacts with <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> Sortase A (1T2W) with a binding energy of −5.9 kcal/mol and an inhibition constant of 47.7 μM, suggesting a potential mechanism for its antibacterial effects. These findings support the application of alginate from <em>S. vulgare</em> in cosmetic formulations, providing a natural and sustainable alternative with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and protective properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 104110"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical characterization and integration of approaches in algal cultivation systems for enhanced mass transfer","authors":"Peter Ofuje Obidi,&nbsp;David J. Bayless","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Algal cultivation systems offer promising pathways for sustainable biofuel production, wastewater remediation, and carbon sequestration; however, their performance is frequently constrained by suboptimal mass transfer. Chemical approaches and integrative optimization techniques are essential for enhancing mass transfer in algal cultivation systems. These strategies address the inherent variability in mathematical models and chemical kinetics across different cultivation designs, algal strains, nutrient compositions, and environmental conditions. The effectiveness of these applications relies on maximizing the exchange of key substances such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), oxygen, nutrients, and metabolic byproducts between algal cells and their surrounding medium. This present review systematically examines core chemical processes, including nutrient uptake dynamics, pH buffering, and CO₂ fixation. These processes are evaluated using representative mathematical models, such as Michaelis–Menten kinetics and the Monod equation, which reflect variability introduced by system architecture, species-specific physiology, and environmental conditions. The paper explores how the integration of chemical treatments with mechanical strategies, including aeration, mixing, and light distribution, can enhance mass transfer performance. It emphasizes that the effectiveness of these interventions depends on empirically derived kinetic parameters tailored to individual system requirements. The evaluation discusses the challenges, limitations, and future directions in analyzing algae systems, highlighting the importance of advanced modeling methods and interdisciplinary collaboration. Special attention is given to the context-dependent nature of mass transfer coefficients and reaction kinetics. This review synthesizes current knowledge to support the development of sustainable, scalable algal technologies through tailored, system-specific solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104102"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics and secondary pollution risk assessment of heavy metals during Sargassum polycystum floating and decomposing process","authors":"Yuzhong Fu,&nbsp;Jinling Li,&nbsp;Sunlin Fu,&nbsp;Yunquan Wu,&nbsp;Wenhui Yu,&nbsp;Songguang Xie,&nbsp;Hongtian Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Sargassum</em> ranks among the most prolific seaweed species in coastal regions across the globe. Its swift biomass accumulation is predominantly propelled by heightened nutrient concentrations. In coastal waters, a substantial amount of <em>Sargassum</em> has amassed and undergone decomposition, resulting in the release of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and heavy metals into the environment, thereby exerting detrimental effects on coastal habitats. The present study implemented a 72-day laboratory controlled experiment utilizing litter bag technology to simulate the floating stage of <em>S. polycystum</em>. The results showed that the decomposition rate of the low-density <em>S. polycystum</em> group was significantly higher than that of the medium-density, high-density, natural, dried, and frozen <em>S. polycystum</em> groups. The heavy metals contents of <em>S. polycystum</em> were in the following order: Fe &gt; Zn &gt; Mn &gt; As &gt; Cr &gt; Cu &gt; Ni &gt; Pb &gt; Cd &gt; Se. Fe predominantly exhibits a release effect (<em>MAI</em> &lt; 100 %). In contrast, Zn, Mn, and Se primarily demonstrate an accumulation effect (<em>MAI</em> &gt; 100 %), As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Ni display both release and accumulation effects concurrently. At least Fe (35.12 %–50.22 %), Cd (30.76 %–49.44 %), Ni (4.63 %–6.37 %), Cu (2.51 %–10.71 %), Cr (75.64 %–92.3 %), As (17.44 %–20.02 %), and Pb (37.09 %) in <em>S. polycystum</em> were released back to the water. The C contents during the decomposition process of <em>S. polycystum</em> were stably maintained, the N and P contents increased during the experiment. The present study revealed the decomposition characteristics of <em>S. polycystum</em> and its environmental impact, providing a theoretical basis for marine ecological environmental protection of seaweed bed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 104104"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cladophora-based magnetic nanocomposites for eco-friendly wastewater treatment: Removal of dyes and oil","authors":"Arash Larki ,&nbsp;Elahe Nasiri ,&nbsp;Kianoush Sedagheh ,&nbsp;Mahnaz Jalilian","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for clean water and the continuous contamination caused by dyes and oil spills necessitate the development of efficient and eco-friendly remediation technologies. In this study, bio-based magnetic nanocomposites derived from Cladophora algae were synthesized and applied for the removal of organic pollutants from aqueous solutions. The synthesized materials, Cladophora@CoFe and Cladophora@CoFe-DA, were developed as sustainable adsorbents, leveraging the abundant and renewable biomass of Cladophora algae to provide a cost-effective and green approach to water purification. The adsorption behavior of these nanocomposites was systematically investigated by evaluating their efficiency in removing dye and oil pollutants under optimized conditions. The Cladophora@CoFe nanocomposite exhibited remarkable efficiency in removing methylene blue dye, achieving a removal rate exceeding 86.1 %, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 64.5 mg g⁻¹. Meanwhile, Cladophora@CoFe-DA exhibited outstanding oil absorption due to its enhanced hydrophobicity, attributed to decanoic acid functionalization. The synthesized nanocomposites were thoroughly characterized using FTIR, PXRD, FESEM, EDX, MAP, VSM, and TGA, confirming their structural and magnetic properties. Furthermore, the practical applicability of these nanocomposites was validated through adsorption tests in real water samples, reinforcing their potential for large-scale wastewater treatment applications. These bio-inspired nanocomposites provide a sustainable, efficient, and easily recoverable solution for removing organic pollutants, making them highly suitable for industrial and environmental applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104107"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of analytical techniques for characterizing phlorotannins in brown seaweeds: Current challenges and future prospects","authors":"Azizollah Najibi,&nbsp;Thamani Freedom Gondo,&nbsp;Charlotta Turner","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phlorotannins, the polyphenols mostly found in brown seaweeds, have attracted high attention from the pharmaceutical industry in recent years due to their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. These properties make them desirable to be utilized in a wide range of therapeutics. Despite their importance, several challenges make their extractability and identification complex, for example, the unavailability of standards and their presence at low concentrations in seaweed matrices. This study reviews the analytical techniques utilized for the characterization of phlorotannins, highlights the associated challenges, and suggests potential solutions to overcome these challenges and improve the precision and reliability of phlorotannin analysis in future studies. Despite the longstanding use of conventional solid-liquid extraction (SLE) for the extraction of phlorotannin, recent studies have shifted toward more environmentally sustainable techniques. This study also highlights the critical importance of selective multi-step purification in improving the measured total phlorotannin content (TPC) and the number of identified phlorotannins by effectively removing interfering matrices, such as lipids and proteins. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) have proven successful in the tentative identification of phlorotannins. However, achieving the highest level of identification confidence remains challenging due to the unavailability of standards. For quantification, the 2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (DMBA) assay and quantitative NMR technique offer greater precision and specificity for phlorotannins, whereas the Folin–Ciocalteu (F<img>C) assay tends to overestimate phlorotannin content due to quantifying other phenolic compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 104105"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}