Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts最新文献

{"title":"Mechanochemical synthesis of N-doped porous cyanobacteria-based biochar for decontamination of antibiotic wastewater","authors":"Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Jie Deng ,&nbsp;Ting Zhou ,&nbsp;Gaoping Xu ,&nbsp;Zewei Liu ,&nbsp;Yue Chang ,&nbsp;Ronghan Wang ,&nbsp;Chengyun Zhou ,&nbsp;Qihong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>N-doped porous <em>cyanobacterial</em>-based biochar (N-PBC) was synthesized via ball milling coupled with pyrolysis and demonstrated as a high-performance adsorbent for enrofloxacin (ENR) removal. Compared to raw biochar (BC, 25.06 mg g⁻¹), N-PBC exhibited a significantly enhanced adsorption capacity of 51.02 mg g⁻¹ (adsorbent dosage 0.05 g L⁻¹, 298 K), corresponding to removal efficiencies of 22.48 % and 12.17 % for N-PBC and BC, respectively. Adsorption kinetics for both biochar followed the pseudo-second-order model, suggesting chemisorption-dominated mechanisms, while isotherms aligned with the Langmuir model, indicating monolayer adsorption. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed the spontaneous and endothermic nature of ENR adsorption. N-PBC maintained stable adsorption capacity across varying pH conditions and in the presence of common anions, alongside excellent regeneration performance. This study innovatively transforms <em>cyanobacterial</em> waste into functional N-doped biochar, showcasing its superior design for active sites and surface area. The findings underscore <em>cyanobacterial</em> waste biochar significant potential as a sustainable, efficient adsorbent for antibiotic remediation in water treatment applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104238"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microalgae inoculation increases bacterial diversity and gene abundances related to nutrient removal while decreasing antibiotic resistant genes in municipal wastewater","authors":"Muneer Ahmad Malla ,&nbsp;Faiz Ahmad Ansari ,&nbsp;Jonathan Featherston ,&nbsp;Humeira Hassan ,&nbsp;Magray Owaes ,&nbsp;Aaliyah Osman ,&nbsp;Anna Heintz-Buschart ,&nbsp;Nico Eisenhauer ,&nbsp;Arshad Ismail ,&nbsp;Faizal Bux ,&nbsp;Sheena Kumari","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring the interactions between microalgae and microbiomes, particularly in the context of nutrient and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) removal from municipal wastewater treatment system, is highly recommended for the environment and public health. This study evaluated the synergistic potential of microalgae-bacteria consortia in enhancing nutrient removal and mitigating ARGs in a lab-scale microalgal municipal wastewater treatment system. Three treatments were evaluated: the two individual microalgal strains (<em>Tetradesmus obliquus</em> and <em>Chlorella sorokiniana</em>) and their mixtures (1:1). All treatments showed high removal efficiencies for phosphates (&gt;90 %; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), nitrates (&gt;80 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), ammonia (&gt;90 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0004) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (&gt;65 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.008), significantly improving water clarity and quality. Microbiome analyses revealed that microalgal inoculation altered bacterial community diversity, structure and function. Functional metagenomic profiling showed a significant enrichment (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) of genes associated with nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism in microalgal treatment groups compared to the untreated control. Resistome analysis indicated that raw wastewater harbored a high abundance of ARGs, which were significantly reduced following microalgal treatment (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). Overall, our findings demonstrate a mutually beneficial interaction between microalgae and the wastewater microbiome, where microalgae-induced changes increase bacterial diversity and functional gene abundance involved in nutrient and ARG removal. These results underscore the potential of microalgae-microbiome-based systems as an effective and sustainable solution for the removal of emerging contaminants, including nutrients, ARGs and pathogens from municipal wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104217"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogenic magnetite nanoparticles for the magnetic separation of microalgae","authors":"Igor Taveira ,&nbsp;Rogerio Presciliano ,&nbsp;Júlia Castro ,&nbsp;Tarcisio Correa ,&nbsp;Rafael Richard ,&nbsp;Leonardo Brantes Bacellar Mendes ,&nbsp;Fernanda Abreu","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The biotechnological potential of microalgae is significant in various industrial sectors, but inefficient and expensive harvesting techniques hinder its widespread use. Regarding cell separation and concentration, few works used magnetic materials to harvest the cells. In general, the interaction between the mineral particles and cells is greatly influenced by pH and salinity conditions, which can limit their range of applications. Biogenic magnetite nanoparticles (BMs) produced by magnetotactic bacteria have unique magnetic properties and surface chemistry that can be applied for microalgae harvesting. In our experimental procedure, it was defined that 80 μg BMs·mL⁻¹ under a more acidic pH was ideal for the process with cell density ranging from 3·10³ to 1,2·10⁴ cells/mL. At pH 3.1, it was possible to magnetically concentrate up to 80.08 ± 2.08 % and 75.26 ± 2.45 % of <em>Scenedesmus</em> sp. and <em>Desmodesmus</em> sp. biomass, respectively. BMs also showed a reasonable recovery rate (52.08 %) when challenged under hypersaline conditions (40 g NaCl·L⁻¹) at pH 3.1 for <em>Nannochloropsis</em> sp. In this condition, synthetic magnetite nanoparticles (SMPs) and flocculants are ineffective in biomass harvesting. Thus, this work describes the process and efficiency of a magnetic nanotool capable of magnetically concentrating microalgae for downstream applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104237"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of the xanthophyll cycle improves biomass productivity and light tolerance of the microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica","authors":"Tim Michelberger ,&nbsp;Eleonora Mezzadrelli ,&nbsp;Britt Rietbroek ,&nbsp;Sarah D'Adamo ,&nbsp;Giorgio Perin ,&nbsp;Marcel Janssen ,&nbsp;Tomas Morosinotto","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae in photobioreactors encounter highly diverse light conditions along the culture depth because of cellular self-shading. Culture mixing also causes individual cells to rapidly shift from darkness to strong illumination, causing oversaturation of the photosynthetic apparatus and damage. Moreover, travelling from high light to darker layers can lead to energy loss through photoprotective mechanisms that remain active even when not needed.</div><div>In the microalga <em>Nannochloropsis oceanica</em> the xanthophyll cycle plays a central role in the regulation of light harvesting and photoprotection, making it a central target for the optimization of photosynthetic performances in photobioreactors. Recently, we showed that the genetic control of the accumulation of enzymes that regulate the xanthophyll cycle, violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE), and zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP), can dramatically accelerate its kinetics.</div><div>In this study, we characterized the impact of VDE and ZEP on the growth of <em>N. oceanica</em>. We monitored biomass productivity, pigment content, and photosynthetic performances, comparing single with double over-expressors in limiting and excess light conditions, in both tubular and flat panel photobioreactor systems.</div><div>The acceleration of the xanthophyll cycle activation by increased accumulation of VDE led to increased photoprotection and enhanced light tolerance, but also excessive energy dissipation in limiting light. The enhancement of the xanthophyll cycle relaxation through ZEP accumulation, instead, reduced energy losses but could also increase photosensitivity. The combination of the two approaches resulted in the greatest benefit, leading to an improved productivity across different photobioreactor geometries and light conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104232"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new method for the online determination of mass transfer and oxygen production rates in microalgae raceway reactors","authors":"R. Arraga ,&nbsp;N.A. Dambruin ,&nbsp;M. Barceló-Villalobos ,&nbsp;M. Janssen ,&nbsp;F.G. Acién","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel methodology for the real-time determination of mass transfer coefficient and oxygen production rates in large-scale raceway reactors for microalgae cultivation was developed. An innovative approach based on dissolved oxygen (DO) measurements and controlled air pulse injections provided accurate and real-time insights into the photosynthetic performance of microalgae cultures and the efficiency of gas exchange mechanisms within the reactor. Experiments were performed in 80 m² raceway reactors under continuous operation. A set of controlled aeration pulses at different flow rates (125, 250, 375, and 500 L/min) is applied throughout the day, enabling the evaluation of oxygen production under varying light intensities. The method is designed to operate without disrupting culture stability and ensures continuous monitoring of mass transfer dynamics in raceway reactors. The optimal conditions for the utilization of the proposed methodology are defined, and the robustness and accuracy of results are validated. Results demonstrate that oxygen production rates directly correlate with solar radiation, following a linear trend that serves as a proxy for biomass productivity. The study confirms that the sump section plays a crucial role in oxygen desorption, with mass transfer coefficients reaching up to 200 h⁻¹ at maximal superficial gas velocities below 0.02 m/s, then operating in a homogeneous aeration regime. This research provides a powerful tool for optimizing large-scale microalgae production systems, enabling real-time performance monitoring and dynamic process control to enhance biomass productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 104235"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy-metal-resistant characterization of Salinimicrobium maris sp. nov. potential significance in algal-bacterial interactions with Phaeocystis globosa","authors":"Fei Li ,&nbsp;Lian Yu ,&nbsp;Mingben Xu ,&nbsp;Zhe Li ,&nbsp;Caibi Lan ,&nbsp;Qiu-Xia Yang ,&nbsp;Jun-Xiang Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In heavy metal-contaminated environments, algal-bacterial interactions enhance metal detoxification while reinforcing stress resilience and ecological remediation capacity. However, whether such interactions extend to harmful algal blooms remains unexplored. In this study, we investigated a novel bacterial strain GXAS 041^T isolated from <em>Phaeocystis globosa</em> bloom in Beibu Gulf. Polyphasic taxonomic analysis confirmed its classification within the genus <em>Salinimicrobium</em>. Functional assays revealed the isolate was resistant to heavy metal stress in decreasing order Pb (1250 μM), Zn (750 μM), Cu (500 μM), Cr (400 μM), and Cd (250 μM). Langmuir adsorption isotherms revealed maximum biosorption capacities of 1.67 (Cd), 5.35 (Cr), 4.32 (Cu), 4.11 (Pb), and 6.15 (Zn) mg/g, with mechanisms characterized by SEM-EDS and FTIR analyses. The strain also produced siderophores and IAA, suggesting synergistic roles in metal chelation and stress mitigation. Crucially, binary culture with strain GXAS 041^T increased cell density of <em>P. globosa</em> by 10.1–60.2 % and reduced bioavailable metals by 4.2–32.8 % versus axenic algae. These findings reveal a dual role of <em>Salinimicrobium</em> sp. in metal detoxification and algal growth promotion, providing new insights into phycosphere symbiosis under environmental stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104234"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biorefinery of a newly isolated Nitzschia sp. from Salt Lake for the sequential production of bioactive substances and photovoltaic anti-reflective coating","authors":"Qinyun Xu ,&nbsp;Shuonan Cao ,&nbsp;Xiao Cheng ,&nbsp;Shuaili Huang ,&nbsp;Liqin Sun ,&nbsp;Yurong Zhu ,&nbsp;Xin Liu ,&nbsp;Jiaoyu Peng ,&nbsp;Keli Yang ,&nbsp;Zhongliang Sun ,&nbsp;Shikai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diatoms exhibit broad application potential in many fields. However, their large-scale exploitation has been severely constrained by high cultivation and harvesting costs. Biorefinery strategies based on multi-product co-production offer a viable solution to enhance the economic feasibility of diatom-based processes. In this study, a new diatom, <em>Nitzschia</em> sp. Y3, was isolated from a salt lake on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. This strain demonstrated high lipid content, with palmitoleic acid (C16:1, POA) constituting an exceptionally high proportion of its fatty acid (FA) profile. It simultaneously accumulated fucoxanthin (FX). To enable the integrated extraction of these bioactive compounds, a sequential extraction method was developed. This method achieved significantly higher yields relative to conventional extraction benchmarks, with extraction efficiency of 154.49 ± 13.01 % for FX and 116.21 ± 0.02 % for POA. Moreover, the residual frustules exhibited excellent optical properties after bioactive substances were extracted. Their application as anti-reflective coatings in photovoltaic devices was further explored. Compared to conventional mesoporous SiO₂ coating, the frustule coating demonstrated superior performance, with an average light transmittance of 93.4 % and a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 19.93 %, representing improvements of 2.5 % and 2.4 %, respectively. Based on the newly isolated diatom strain, this study developed a circular economy-based integrated biomass biorefinery process. It could significantly enhance resource utilization efficiency and reduce production costs for microalgae-derived products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104233"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in therapeutic applications of microalgae and their bioactive compounds","authors":"Xinrong Geng ,&nbsp;Jinqi Qu ,&nbsp;XiaoFei Yin ,&nbsp;Qi Wang ,&nbsp;Wenjun Li ,&nbsp;Hongli Cui ,&nbsp;Song Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae are microorganisms that possess highly efficient photosynthetic capabilities and versatile biosynthetic pathways, enabling the production of various bioactive compounds. In recent years, microalgae, as a group of unicellular organisms with high biosafety and diverse biological functions, have received widespread attention in biomaterials and medicine. Microalgae-derived extracts are rich in a variety of bioactive components, including carotenoids, proteins, polysaccharides, and unsaturated fatty acids. These components exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, with their therapeutic value having been experimentally demonstrated. Additionally, the photosynthetic ability of microalgae allows in situ oxygen production, offering a novel strategy to counteract hypoxic microenvironments in disease treatment. This article summarizes common microalgae species and their bioactive compounds in biomedicine, while reviewing recent advances in cancer therapy, chronic wound healing, and cerebral diseases. It aims to summarize the theories and research directions of novel biomaterials and therapeutic methods based on microalgae, while providing insights and prospects for the future development of microalgae in the fields of biomaterials and medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104226"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on high ammonium tolerance and nitrogen utilization mechanisms of Chlamydomonas sp. YC in rare earth elements wastewater treatment","authors":"Xu Guo ,&nbsp;Zhihong Chen ,&nbsp;Yongjin He ,&nbsp;Youcai Zhou ,&nbsp;Bilian Chen ,&nbsp;Mingzi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂SO₄) mediated rare earth elements (REEs) mining process generated significant amounts of NH₄⁺-N-rich wastewater, posing environmental risks. The high NH₄⁺-N concentration of REEs wastewater is toxic to most microalgae, hindering the wastewater treatment by microalgae. This study focuses on an indigenous <em>Chlamydomonas</em> sp. YC from REEs wastewater, and investigating its NH₄⁺-N utilization and tolerance for REEs wastewater through transcriptomic, enzyme activity and bioinformatics analysis. Results showed that 3 % CO₂ promoted <em>Chlamydomonas</em> sp. YC growth and NH₄⁺-N removal efficiency, significantly upregulating genes involved in photosynthesis, cytoskeletal protein synthesis, and porphyrin metabolism pathways, enhancing carbon fixation and nitrogen assimilation. Specifically, genes encoding key enzymes in the Calvin cycle and the glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) pathway were markedly upregulated, promoting efficient NH₄⁺-N utilization and microalgal growth. Enzyme activity assays demonstrated that <em>Chlamydomonas</em> sp. YC exhibited higher GS and GOGAT activities under high NH₄⁺-N concentrations compared to <em>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</em> FACHB-265, a model alga less tolerant to high NH₄⁺-N. Bioinformatics analysis of the GS1 protein in <em>Chlamydomonas</em> sp. YC revealed a unique occluded NH₄⁺ channel within its structure, which likely facilitates efficient NH₄⁺-N transport and utilization, contributing to its high tolerance to elevated NH₄⁺-N concentrations. Overall, these findings provided insights into the mechanisms underlying the high NH₄⁺-N tolerance and prominent NH₄⁺-N removal performance in microalgal biotechnology for treating REEs wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104231"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomic analysis reveals novel insights into astaxanthin synthesis in Haematococcus pluvialis","authors":"Zhaokun Wang ,&nbsp;Haiyan Ma ,&nbsp;Jiao Zhan ,&nbsp;Li Yuan ,&nbsp;Mingkun Yang ,&nbsp;Feng Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Astaxanthin, a potent antioxidant carotenoid, is primarily synthesized by the microalga <em>Haematococcus pluvialis</em> (<em>H. pluvialis</em>) and has widespread applications in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and aquaculture industries. In this study, we employed a tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics approach to investigate the metabolic and regulatory mechanisms underlying astaxanthin biosynthesis in <em>H. pluvialis</em> under weak light stress conditions. Microscopic observation revealed that <em>H. pluvialis</em> retained its green motile morphology while progressively accumulating astaxanthin (0.22 % of dry weight by 48 h) under weak light stress conditions, without compromising growth Proteomic analysis identified 3, 57, and 311 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) at 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively, highlighting dynamic shifts in lipid metabolism and energy production, and notably the upregulation of proteins involved in both lipid and carotenoid biosynthesis. Three DEPs—farnesyl pyrophosphotransferase (FDFT1), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD)—were selected to assess their contribution to astaxanthin biosynthesis based on expression trends and biological relevance. Due to the difficulty of genetic manipulation in <em>H. pluvialis</em>, heterologous expression was conducted in an engineered <em>Escherichia coli</em> (BW-ASTA) strain producing free astaxanthin. FDFT1 and IDH enhanced astaxanthin yields by 5.0-fold and 1.6-fold, respectively, while DPD showed no significant effect. These findings reveal proteome-level adaptations in <em>H. pluvialis</em> under weak light stress conditions and identify candidate genes for metabolic engineering of astaxanthin biosynthesis, laying groundwork for the development of sustainable, industrial-scale production strategies production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104222"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}