Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts最新文献

{"title":"Optimization of aqueous extraction of phenolic compounds and bioactive profiles from brown (Sargassum polycystum) and red (Kappaphycus alvarezii) seaweeds using the response surface method","authors":"Wisnu Eko Murdiono ,&nbsp;Nor Asma Ab Razak ,&nbsp;M.I.E. Halmi ,&nbsp;Jean W.H. Yong ,&nbsp;Khairil Mahmud","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seaweed is becoming increasingly attractive in research because of its fast growth, highly adaptive to a broad range of environmental conditions, and rich in bioactive compounds. It can potentially be harnessed as a biofertilizer for growing plants. Water is an effective and “green” solvent to extract phenolic compounds. However, the aqueous extraction of seaweed containing polyphenols and their bioactivity was less reported. Therefore, the present work aimed to examine the aqueous extracts of phenolic substances in Malaysian red and brown seaweed by applying the response surface methodology (RSM). Interestingly, the optimum extraction conditions among red and brown seaweed were different. The optimized extraction conditions for red seaweed were 40 °C, 30 min and 40 mL g⁻¹ solvent ratio generating 30.05 % yield, 0.075 mg GAE/g total phenol, 0.0175 mg QE/g total flavonoid and 10.04 % inhibition of DPPH assay. Meanwhile, the optimum extraction conditions for brown seaweed are 80 °C, 83 min and 40 mL g⁻¹ solvent ratio producing 22.90 % yield, 0.217 mg GAE/g phenolic content, 0.034 mg QE/g flavonoid content and 6.25 % inhibition of DPPH assay. We successfully identified five compounds, three of which were present in both seaweeds, while two compounds were unique to brown seaweed. These compounds can potentially be used as antimicrobials, growth stimulants, and immunostimulants. Moving forward, the aqueous-extracts derived from the two seaweeds contain suitable and valuable bioactive compounds for developing novel biostimulant-based biofertilizer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 103924"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of inoculum on domestic wastewater treatment in high-rate ponds in pilot-scale: Assessment of organic matter and nutrients removal, biomass growth, and content","authors":"Josivaldo Sátiro ,&nbsp;Antônio dos Santos Neto ,&nbsp;Jucélia Tavares ,&nbsp;Idayana Marinho ,&nbsp;Bruna Magnus ,&nbsp;Mario Kato ,&nbsp;António Albuquerque ,&nbsp;Lourdinha Florencio","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Discharging untreated wastewater deteriorates water bodies, but biological treatment methods can mitigate this by reducing organic matter, nutrients, and phosphorus. Systems using microalgae-bacteria consortia are promising nature-based solutions (NbS) that require no artificial aeration and can produce valuable products. This study, conducted on a pilot scale with domestic wastewater, involved two high-rate ponds (HRP1 and HRP2) with a depth of 0.30 m and lengths of 6.0 m. While HRP1 was not inoculated, HRP2 received activated sludge, and both were operated in two sequential batches followed by continuous operation with a four-day hydraulic detention time. After 20 days, biomass and system stabilization were primarily observed in HRP2, which achieved total nitrogen removal of 84.2 %, phosphorus removal of 63.7 %, and organic matter removal of 74.7 %. The inoculated pond showed increased stability and sedimentation capacity, with average volatile suspended solids of 152.75 ± 120.53 mg/L, a flocculation efficiency exceeding 90 %, and a sludge volume index of 19.83 ± 28.54 mL/g. Chlorophyll-a concentrations were higher in HRP2 (0.84 ± 0.48 mg/L), indicating higher algal biomass. Protein concentrations were 98.86 ± 47.78 mg/gVSS in HRP2, while carbohydrate concentrations averaged 67.87 ± 135.07 mg/gVSS, slightly superior for HRP2. Additionally, HRP2 demonstrated a lipid content of 23.03 %, attributed to a dominant <em>Chlorella</em> sp. presence. These findings underscore the need to optimize operational parameters and microbial consortia for effective biomass production and resource recovery in HRPs. Such low-cost NbS contribute to pollution control and align with the UN's sustainability objectives (SDGs) 3, 6, 11, 13, and 14.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 103923"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) immobilization in calcium-alginate beads can provide a way to produce food-grade C-phycocyanin following a biorefinery perspective","authors":"Samara C. Silva-Pituco ,&nbsp;Leandro L. Aquino ,&nbsp;Madalena M. Dias ,&nbsp;M. Filomena Barreiro","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>C-phycocyanin (C-PC), a water-soluble blue pigment, is the primary phycobiliprotein in Spirulina. In this study, Spirulina was immobilized in calcium-alginate (SAC) beads as an innovative method to recover C-PC in the crosslinking bath while retaining the biomass within the beads. This approach simplifies the separation process and reduces costs. SAC beads were prepared via ionic gelation with alginate and CaCl₂ at 2 % (PC2) and 4 % (PC4) concentrations. Different Spirulina to CaCl₂ (S:CA) ratios (1:33, 1:42, 1:83, 1:125 w:v) were tested. PC4 extracts surpassed the food-grade purity threshold (≥ 0.7), achieving the highest purity of 0.83 at a 1:42 S:CA ratio. For PC2, the highest purity was 0.68, observed at a 1:83 S:CA ratio. Overall, this method effectively releases C-PC into the CaCl₂ bath, attaining food-grade purity with significant extraction yields (&gt; 50 mg/g biomass). Additionally, the SAC beads exhibited high protein levels (&gt; 25 g/100 g d.w.) and can be further utilized within a biorefinery framework, either directly as a food supplement or for cascade extractions to recover the remaining lipid and protein fractions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 103916"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of biomolecule extraction from Spirulina platensis with [bmim][Cl]","authors":"Alba Zurita ,&nbsp;Josep Maria Mateo-Sanz ,&nbsp;Jack Legrand ,&nbsp;Jérémy Pruvost ,&nbsp;Rafael Hernández Malo ,&nbsp;Mario Muñoz Domenech ,&nbsp;Esther Torrens ,&nbsp;Christophe Bengoa","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Spirulina platensis</em> stands out as a promising raw material for various industries due to its composition, rich in proteins and carbohydrates, and its valuable phycobiliprotein content. This study explored the influence of four key factors – incubation time, incubation temperature, ultrasound exposure, and IL mass fraction – on the single-step extraction of these cyanobacterial ingredients using [bmim][Cl]. Results were analysed through a four-factor surface response analysis, allowing the identification of the most relevant operational factors for the extraction of each biomolecule.</div><div>The IL mass fraction in its linear and quadratic form emerged as the primary factor influencing protein and phycobiliprotein recoveries, although other factors such as the interaction between incubation time and incubation temperature were also deemed significant. In these experiments, protein recovery ranged over a wide yet low range, going from 2.37 to 24.30 %, while phycobiliprotein recovery did not reach 10 % for any of the three studied pigments. In contrast, carbohydrate recovery was higher. It ranged between 35.85 and 63.25 %, and was only influenced by the linear term for the incubation temperature.</div><div>The excellent fit of the protein recovery model and its pronounced ascending trend with increasing IL mass fractions prompted further experimental work into the influence of this factor. These additional experiments, focusing solely on the IL mass fraction, confirmed the observations derived from the surface response analysis, with IL mass fractions outside the studied range following the observed ascending trend. Such post-model experiments led to higher recoveries even when operating at low IL mass fractions due to the suppression of negatively-influencing factors, leading to single-step protein recoveries ranging between 15.92 and 28.95 %.</div><div>The purity of the obtained extracts from both model and post-model experiment was also evaluated. Purity in model experiments was driven by practically the same factors influencing biomolecule recovery, while post-model experiments revealed how the change of the operational conditions not only increased protein recovery, but also boosted its purity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 103909"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of glutathione metabolism on the release of Wound-Induced Spores from Pyropia yezoensis","authors":"Haihong Chen ,&nbsp;Ziyan Shi ,&nbsp;Zhihai Zhong ,&nbsp;Nanjing Ji ,&nbsp;Xiaoqian Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhijie Dan ,&nbsp;Xin Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxidative stress from mechanical injury can trigger the development of Wound-Induced Spores (WIS) in <em>Pyropia yezoensis</em>, yet the regulatory mechanisms underlying this process require further elucidation. In this study, comparative transcriptomic analysis between injured and uninjured <em>P. yezoensis</em> thalli revealed significant differential gene expression within the glutathione (GSH) metabolism pathway during WIS development. There was a down-regulation in the expression of genes encoding for γ-glutamyl-cystein synthetase (GCL) and glutathione synthetase (GSS), which were pivotal for GSH biosynthesis, during the development of WIS. Moreover, a diminished expression level was also observed in genes associated with oxidative metabolism of GSH during this process, including those encoding glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and dihydroascorbate reductase (DHAR). However, this transcriptional regulation does not correspond to a significant decrease in intracellular GSH levels, which may be associated with a reduction in the oxidative metabolism of GSH, leading to decreased cellular utilization of GSH. Treatment injured <em>P. yezoensis</em> with Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) promoted the release probability of WIS, the release efficiency of WIS and germination rate of asexual spores, while supplementation of GSH produced opposite results, suggesting that modulating GSH levels can regulate the release of WIS. Correlation analysis suggested that there was a significant positive correlation between the release of WIS and the germination rate of asexual spores, suggesting that promoting the release of WIS could lead to the acquisition of a greater number of asexual spore seedlings. Our findings underscore the key role of GSH metabolism in WIS regulation and provide a theoretical foundation for the subsequent development of strategies to obtain asexual spore seedlings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 103921"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of inorganic nutrient enrichment in eucheumatoid seaweed farming: A double-edged sword?","authors":"Albaris B. Tahiluddin ,&nbsp;Michael Y. Roleda","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eucheumatoid seaweed farmers face a confluence of challenges emanating from presumed nutrient deficiency due to over-cropping, leading to low yields and frequent ice-ice disease outbreaks. Despite limited data on systemic nutrient limitations, some farmers clandestinely apply commercial inorganic fertilizers to accelerate growth and harvest premature crops after half of the prescribed 45-day cultivation period, sparking controversy. Unlike terrestrial agriculture, the use of inorganic fertilizers in eucheumatoid seaweed farming (ESF) is contentious. This stems from the haphazard use of the term “organic” to classify sea-grown crops without using synthetic fertilizers. However, when anthropogenic inorganic nutrient pollution fertilizes coastal seas, this effectively disqualifies these crops from the “organic” produce classification. This paper critically explores the use of artificial nutrient enrichment in ESF, assessing its impact on the crop's growth, ice-ice disease mitigation, carrageenan quality, and the marine environment. While controlled fundamental studies have shown that nutrient enrichment can significantly increase growth and potentially reduce disease occurrence, its inconsistent positive and negative effects on carrageenan yield and quality require further investigation with emphasis on organismal nutrient physiology and metabolism. Inorganic nutrient enrichment could also potentially alter the microbiome of eucheumatoid seaweeds. Whether inorganic nutrient enrichment in ESF will be sanctioned by the local and global regulators and policy makers, or not, increased knowledge is crucial for establishing basic science in order to rationally discuss challenges contributing to the decreasing production of quality raw, dried, eucheumatoid seaweed biomass for carrageenan processing, without compromising environmental and social responsibilities. Currently, the routine use of inorganic fertilizers in ESF is not authorized and remains a very sensitive issue, especially among marginalized subsistence seaweed farmers. In conclusion, inorganic nutrient enrichment in ESF presents a double-edged sword: whilst it can boost growth and potentially combat disease, its practice raises concerns on carrageenan yield and quality, and environmental pollution, as well as regulatory organic codes, necessitating further research for responsible implementation, when sanctioned. The bottom line is that when prescribed by regulators, the raw dried seaweed (RDS) and the subsequent products (both semi-refined and refined carrageenans) cannot be certified as “organic” when the crop is cultivated using inorganic fertilizers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 103922"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolically active fungus is not always required for fungal-assisted microalgae immobilization","authors":"Suvro Talukdar,&nbsp;Tyler J. Barzee","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fungal-assisted immobilization of microalgae involves capturing microalgae cells within a fungal hyphal matrix. The prevailing consensus in the literature suggests that fungal metabolic activity is essential for successful immobilization, which limits the potential applications of inactive fungal pellets. However, evidence from fungal-assisted immobilization of other cell types suggests that inactive fungal pellets may display successful immobilization under certain conditions. Therefore, this study was designed to address whether metabolic activity of fungi is a strict requirement for immobilizing microalgae cells utilizing filamentous fungus <em>Aspergillus awamori</em> to immobilize microalgae cells of <em>Haematococcus pluvialis.</em> The results demonstrated that heat-deactivated (HD) fungal pellets effectively immobilized microalgae and achieved a maximum immobilization efficiency of 62.3 % within 35 h but only under low agitation conditions (75 rpm). In contrast, high agitation power (150 rpm) resulted in a significantly lower immobilization efficiency of only 9.5 %. An investigation of changes in surface charge, bonds, and morphology revealed that a balance between physical entrapment and shear forces were likely key factors driving effective immobilization with heat-deactivated fungal pellets. The findings suggest that while the mechanism of immobilization can involve both physical and biological components, biologically inactive fungal sorbents may be conducive to a wider range of material handling and bioprocessing applications than previously recognized. This study highlights the need for further investigations into the mechanisms of cellular immobilization by metabolically inactive fungi and the economic and environmental implications of this consideration in biomanufacturing systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 103908"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biostimulant effect of a novel seawater-adapted strain of Scenedesmus almeriensis on garden geranium","authors":"Elia Rivera-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Silvia Villaró-Cos ,&nbsp;Silvia Jiménez-Becker ,&nbsp;Alejandro Rapalo-Cruz ,&nbsp;Tomás Lafarga","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae production requires substantial water resources. For this reason, different strategies are being investigated such as cultivating microalgae using wastewater or seawater. The goal of this study was to demonstrate the biostimulant effect of <em>Scenedesmus almeriensis</em> produced using both freshwater and seawater. This is the first time that the biostimulant capacity of seawater-produced <em>Scenedesmus almeriensis</em> has been investigated. The biostimulant capacity of the biomass was assessed <em>in vitro</em> using different bioassays and validated <em>in vivo</em> using <em>Pelargonium</em> × <em>hortorum</em>, commonly called zonal geranium or garden geranium. The <em>in vitro</em> results showed that <em>S. almeriensis</em> extracts significantly improved the germination index (GI) in watercress seeds and stimulated root formation in soybean seedlings compared to the water control. The <em>in vivo</em> trials confirmed that plants treated with <em>S. almeriensis</em> extracts experienced significant increases in the height, number of leaves and flowers, and dry weight of various organs, indicating an overall improvement in plant biomass and structural health. The results also revealed that the biomass produced in freshwater was more effective than that obtained in seawater, probably due to a lower accumulation of saline compounds that can reduce the biostimulant activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 103918"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive lipid extract characterization of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae: A multi-analytical approach","authors":"Sheetal Mane,&nbsp;Shivani Desai,&nbsp;Anand Kishore,&nbsp;Anupama Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to assess lipid extracts of <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> (CV) using traditional (soxhlet) and innovative extraction methods (microwave-assisted and ultrasound-assisted). The evaluation focused on antioxidant properties, fatty acid profiling, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) of lipid extract and raw biomass. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the lipid-extracted biomass (residual biomass) was also analyzed. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to develop a correlation between the antioxidant properties of soxhlet lipid extract (SLE), microwave lipid extract (MWLE), ultrasound lipid extract (USLE), and raw biomass. The study revealed that the MWLE showed significantly higher antioxidant properties such as total phenolic content (TPC) 10.71 ± 0.15 mg GAE/g, % DPPH inhibition (37.23 ± 0.16 %), ABTS (9.86 ± 0.02 mg TE/g), and FRAP (19.67 ± 0.04 mg TE/g) whereas SLE showed highest total flavonoid content (TFC) 45.92 ± 2.33 mg QE/g. Extracted lipids also showed a suitable fatty acid profile for biodiesel and food applications. Further TGA results depicted that the residual biomass after lipid extraction could be suitable for biochar production. The FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of lipids in the extracts, while SEM images demonstrated ultrasonication's superior lipid extraction efficiency over other methods (soxhlet and microwave). The findings suggest that CV biomass and lipid extracts has potential applications in the food, feed, and medicine sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 103919"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative vs. classical methods for drying heterotrophic Chlorella vulgaris: Impact on the nutritional properties, safety, sustainability and costs","authors":"Marie-Christin Baune ,&nbsp;Edwin Januschewski ,&nbsp;Maresa Bussa ,&nbsp;Simon Van De Walle ,&nbsp;Imma Gifuni ,&nbsp;Alexandre Miguel Cavaco Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Maria Helena Cardoso ,&nbsp;Geert Van Royen ,&nbsp;Andreas Juadjur ,&nbsp;Niels Jungbluth ,&nbsp;Nino Terjung ,&nbsp;Massimo Castellari ,&nbsp;Fabio Fanari","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The microalgae <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> is an interesting emerging food source, but to compete with other alternative protein sources, production costs must be reduced. The drying process plays a critical role in production as it ensures product stabilization and quality preservation. However, drying is a cost-intensive process and different drying methods and drying parameters can significantly affect the composition and quality of the final product. This study analyzed the effects of the conventional drying methods freeze drying (FD) and spray drying (SprD) as well as the innovative drying methods solar drying (SolD), pulse combustion drying (PCD) and agitated thin film drying (ATFD) on the nutrient composition, the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the microbial count (total bacterial count, yeasts, molds, <em>E. coli</em>) as well as the environmental impact and production cost. Except for ATFD, showing changes in the carbohydrate and fiber content, the effects of drying methods on nutrient composition were minor. SprD was identified as having the greatest environmental impact and being the most cost-intensive, whereas SolD performed best, with only a slight reduction in vitamin B6 and some mineral elements compared to FD. PCD performed second best but needs improvement in terms of drying yield to reduce production costs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 103913"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}