Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts最新文献

{"title":"Mitigation of harmful algal blooms using iron-modified clays inside the semi-permeable membrane tubes","authors":"W.K.N.L. Abeykoon ,&nbsp;Yanyan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explored innovative methods for mitigating harmful algal blooms (HABs) using iron and chitosan-modified clay to deposit cyanobacteria cells, immobilize phosphate, and adsorb algal toxin microcystin LR (MC-LR). Compared with modified kaolinite, modified sepiolite showed superior capacity in phosphate removal at the same initial PO₄³⁻ concentrations. The maximum capacities of modified kaolinite and sepiolite for PO₄³⁻ adsorption were 20.7 and 30.7 mg PO₄³⁻/g clay. The MC-LR removal by modified sepiolite was 95.5 % - 99.9 % when initial MC-LR concentrations ranged from 20 to 200 μg/L. Modified kaolinite could remove MC-LR by 70 % only when the MC-LR concentration was high (100–400 μg/L). Precipitated phosphate in clay could eventually be released back into the water body. Thus, modified clays packed in semi-permeable membrane tubes were used to recover phosphate from water bodies to minimize the internal cycling of phosphate. The PO₄³⁻ and MC-LR removal by the clays packed in the semi-permeable membrane tubes was much slower, but over 90 % removal of phosphate and microcystin could be achieved in 10 days. Considering its low cost, excellent performance, and eco-friendly properties, the proposed solution has the potential to be used for HAB control and prevention on a large scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104302"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering hypo-osmotic Crypthecodinium cohnii via SL-ALE for high-yield DHA biosynthesis from agricultural byproducts","authors":"Yi-Tong Yao ,&nbsp;Yu-He Zhang ,&nbsp;Yan Huang,&nbsp;Xiao Zhang,&nbsp;Chen-Yu Wang,&nbsp;Jia-Qi Zheng,&nbsp;Da-Wei Li,&nbsp;Wei-Dong Yang,&nbsp;Hong-Ye Li,&nbsp;Li-Gong Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The marine dinoflagellate <em>Crypthecodinium cohnii</em> has emerged as a promising industrial producer of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, its high salt requirements pose significant challenges for industrial-scale cultivation, with the underlying salinity adaptation mechanisms remaining poorly characterized. This study developed an innovative solid-liquid biphasic cultivation system for low-salinity adaptive laboratory evolution, utilizing broken rice hydrolysate (BRH) as a cost-effective carbon source. Through systematic selection pressure, we obtained the evolved strain LS8 exhibiting enhanced low-salinity tolerance. When cultivated under optimized conditions (8 g/L sea salt), LS8 demonstrated remarkable PUFAs biosynthetic capacity, achieving a 1.018 g/L DHA yield, representing a 1.13-fold increase compared to conventional methods. Mechanistic analysis revealed that improved NADPH availability through enhanced malic enzyme activity and upregulation of polyketide synthase pathway genes synergistically contributed to superior lipid accumulation. Nutrient optimization studies identified that a medium formulation containing 45 % BRH supplemented with 2 g/L yeast extract maximized DHA production while reducing sea salt consumption by 68 %. These findings establish LS8 as an industrially superior candidate for sustainable DHA production, offering significant advantages in operational cost reduction and environmental compatibility through substantially decreased salt requirements. Our integrated approach combining adaptive evolution with biorefinery-based nutrient utilization provides a strategic framework for optimizing marine microorganism cultivation in low-salinity bioprocessing systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104299"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Giving Laminarian kelps an edge: Exposure of nursery-reared juvenile kelps to enhanced water motion improves sporophyte growth and yield at-sea","authors":"Harry Lush ,&nbsp;Jakop Schwoerbel ,&nbsp;Allyson E. Nardelli ,&nbsp;Catriona L. Hurd ,&nbsp;Wouter Visch","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigated whether increased water motion in the nursery enhances growth and subsequent at-sea cultivation performance of juvenile kelp (<em>Ecklonia radiata</em>, <em>Lessonia corrugata</em>, and <em>Macrocystis pyrifera</em>). Two 42-day nursery experiments compared a traditional static nursery method (aeration-driven water motion) with a treatment in which spools were additionally rotated at ~4 cm s⁻¹. The first experiment used side lighting for rotating spools and overhead lighting for the static treatment, while the second experiment provided surrounding light to both treatments to isolate the effect of water motion from light orientation. Juvenile sporophytes from the first experiment were subsequently deployed at sea for ~5.5 months to assess growth and density. Enhancing water motion by rotating the spools significantly increased sporophyte length for all species in both nursery experiments without affecting sporophyte density. Significant flow-on effects were detected during the at-sea phase, with the rotating treatment resulting in higher yields, sporophyte density, sporophyte weight, and larger holdfasts. The holdfast contribution to total sporophyte weight following the rotating nursery treatment varied among species: higher in <em>L. corrugata</em>, unchanged in <em>E. radiata</em>, and lower in <em>M. pyrifera</em>. Species-specific differences were observed in all response variables except density during the at-sea cultivation phase. <em>L. corrugata</em> showed the strongest response in the nursery phase, while <em>M. pyrifera</em> demonstrated superior performance during at-sea growth. These findings demonstrate the benefits of conditioning juvenile kelps by increasing water motion in nurseries, and further highlight the importance of species-specific nursery protocols to optimise kelp aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104304"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tetradesmus lagerheimii: an algal solution for pollutant-tolerant aquaculture tailwater management and metabolomic insights","authors":"Man Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenke Zhao ,&nbsp;Zewei Gui ,&nbsp;Yanmin Zhang ,&nbsp;Juntao Li ,&nbsp;Feichao Du ,&nbsp;Xueqin Zhao ,&nbsp;Xianfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Xiufen Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wastewater management presents a significant environmental challenge, necessitating its repurposing for high-value products to enhance economic viability and sustainability. This investigation examines the potential of a pollutant-tolerant algal strain <em>Tetradesmus lagerheimii</em> in treating aquaculture tailwater, while exploring its metabolomic mechanisms. Compared to <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em>, <em>T. lagerheimii</em> exhibited superior adaptability under co-cultivation with indigenous bacteria (IB), achieving a higher Biomass Growth Rate by 109.4 %. The algal-bacterial system proved highly effective, removing 91.2 % of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), 48.4 % more than the algal monoculture, and achieving near-complete removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP). Metabolomic profiling revealed 17 significantly upregulated bacterial-derived metabolites, including 2-ketobutyric acid and vanylglycol, which positively correlated with algal growth. Exogenous addition of these compounds enhanced algal biomass by up to 1.3-fold. Furthermore, specific bacterial genera (<em>Blastomonas</em>, <em>Porphyrobacter</em>) were selectively enriched in the phycosphere, suggesting a beneficial association. This research demonstrates the potential of <em>T. lagerheimii</em> for sustainable aquaculture tailwater management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104303"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exoelectrogenesis response of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in biophotovoltaic cells under iron and nitrogen deficiencies","authors":"Mahdi Gholamzadeh Kheybari ,&nbsp;Seyed Morteza Zamir ,&nbsp;Masoumeh Emadpour","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The green microalga <em>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</em> is a model organism for bioelectrogenic studies under nutrient stress, yet its exoelectrogenic behavior under iron and nitrogen deprivation remains underexplored. In this study, <em>C. reinhardtii</em> strain cw15 (cell wall deficient) was cultivated under nine defined media conditions with varying concentrations of FeCl₃ (0.02, 0.002, and 0 mM) and NH₄Cl (7.48, 3.74, and 0.374 mM). After four days of growth, cells were transferred to custom-built, single-chamber air-cathode biophotovoltaic (BPV) devices to evaluate voltage generation in the presence and absence of external electron mediators, including ferricyanide (FeCN), phenazine methosulfate (PMS), and their mixture. In the presence of FeCN the highest closed-circuit voltage (57 mV) was observed under iron starvation (0.0 mM FeCl₃) with full nitrogen supply. In contrast, the PMS-FeCN mixture yielded the highest output (121 mV) under combined Fe and N limitation. Polarization and mediator assays confirmed that the greatest electrogenesis rate (970 μW.m⁻²), 2.5 times that of the control, occurred in cells under Fe deficiency with moderate N supply, in the absence of any external mediators. These findings were verified by sodium 3′-[1-(phenylaminocarbonyl)-3,4-tetrazolium]-bis(4-methoxy-6-nitro) benzene sulfonic acid hydrate (XTT) and ferricyanide reduction assays, suggesting enhanced electron release capacity under nutrient stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104301"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a cell factory for subunit vaccine production against the fish pathogen Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus","authors":"Pokchut Kusolkumbot ,&nbsp;Sarocha Jitrakorn ,&nbsp;Varakul yodchan ,&nbsp;Puey Ounjai ,&nbsp;Vanvimon Saksmerprome ,&nbsp;Saul Purton ,&nbsp;Patai Charoonnart","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus (ISKNV) causes severe disease in commercially important fish, with potential mortality reaching 100 % in susceptible species. Vaccination is crucial to reduce losses, especially as disease risks are likely to increase with climate change. This study aimed to explore subunit vaccine production using <em>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</em> as a host for expressing ISKNV Major Capsid Protein (ISKNV-MCP). To maximise subunit vaccine production, recombinant ISKNV-MCP was expressed in the chloroplast of <em>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</em>. A ‘yellow-in-the-dark’ mutant strain (CC-4033) was first engineered to express the bacterial <em>ptxD</em> gene in the chloroplast, enabling non-sterile cultivation in phosphite-containing media. This strain was then re-transformed with a gene for the Major Capsid Protein (MCP) of ISKNV to generate a marker-free strain, CC-4033:ptxD:MCP. Western blot analysis of the soluble protein fraction confirmed the accumulation of stable recombinant ISKNV-MCP in the algal chloroplast. The antigenicity of ISKNV-MCP was demonstrated through injection of Nile Tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>) with the protein fraction, resulting in increased antibody levels against ISKNV in the fish serum. In addition, sera collected from immunized fish exhibited partial <em>in vitro</em> neutralization, as evidenced by a reduction in a cytopathic effect (CPE) in a Grunt fish cell line. These findings highlight <em>C. reinhardtii</em> as a promising host for low-cost subunit vaccine production for aquaculture, with the potential to develop it further for oral delivery of inactivated whole cell preparations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104300"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced carbon capture and polyunsaturated fatty acid production by Phaeodactylum tricornutum after stepwise CO2 acclimation","authors":"Shuyu Xie ,&nbsp;Xin Zhao ,&nbsp;Yuan Feng ,&nbsp;Guang Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Industrial flue gas serves as a major source of CO₂ emissions. Currently, the exploration on how to use microalgae to absorb it and produce more lipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has emerged as a promising research direction. However, maintaining microalgal growth rates under high CO₂ concentrations remains a key bottleneck in research. In response to this, we pioneered a stepwise CO₂ acclimation approach, whereby <em>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</em>—a model diatom isolated from the South China Sea with rapid growth and high PUFA content—were sequentially acclimated to 2 %, 5 % and 7.5 % CO₂. The results demonstrated that this approach enabled more stable growth. Furthermore, after acclimation, larger cell diameter, more carbon accumulation, higher carbon capture rate and lipid production were attained. The coupling of 7.5 % CO₂ and nitrogen deficiency (HCLN) resulted in 69.1 % higher carbon capture rate at 6 h and induced higher lipid productivity by 32 %, 46 % and 44 % at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h, respectively compared to 0.04 % CO₂ &amp; high nitrogen (ACHN). In addition, the production of PUFAs was also promoted, especially for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The maximum promoting effect of HCLN on EPA and DHA appeared at 6 h with increases of 64 % and 280 % respectively compared to ACHN. This study suggests that the stepwise CO₂ acclimation strategy is an effective approach for microalgae to capture CO₂ and produce lipid and PUFAs, which is beneficial for the combination of flue gas treatment and product markets (e.g., biofuel and health care).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104298"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conventional extraction methods for bioactive compounds from marine microalgae","authors":"Noora Barzkar ,&nbsp;Olga Babich ,&nbsp;Stanislav Sukhikh ,&nbsp;SUKOSO ,&nbsp;Babar Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae are valuable sources of organic metabolites: polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins, pigments, essential acids, and phycobiliproteins with numerous physicochemical properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, antiviral and anti-algae, antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and others. The most widely utilized method for extracting biologically active compounds from microalgae is hydrodistillation. The most used solvents for extraction are ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol. The principles and mechanisms of extraction were studied. It was found that in the process of microalgae extraction, proteins up to 91.0 %, phycocyanin up to 82.48 %, astaxanthin up to 3.4 %, lipids up to 96.2 %, chlorophyll up to 10.3 %, beta-carotene up to 14.6 %, essential fatty acids up to 30 %, carotenoids up to 7.5 %, docosahexaenoic acid up to 6.5 %, superoxide dismutase up to 3.2 %, phycobiliproteins up to 70 %, and oil up to 15 % are obtained. The process of cold pressing and steam distillation of microalgae was investigated. Steam distillation is used to extract vaporized bioactive metabolites from algae biomass. The advantages and disadvantages of the steam distillation method were discussed. The maceration process of microalgae was studied. Maceration is performed on a polarity basis with solvent, then heating and stirring are applied to increase solubility and extract the biocompounds from the microalgae sample. Studying affordable ways to grow microalgae and finding efficient methods are important for making sure that bioactive compounds from microalgae are economically viable and sustainable.</div><div>The development of efficient and ecofriendly extraction techniques will play a key role in enhancing yield while maintaining the biological activity of microalgae-derived compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104297"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction between the seaweed Sargassum filipendula and rice flour in the production of ready-to-eat foods by thermoplastic extrusion","authors":"Bruna Lago Tagliapietra ,&nbsp;Gustavo do Nascimento Costa ,&nbsp;Rebeca Salvador-Reyes ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Harumi Nabeshima ,&nbsp;Camila Costa Pinto ,&nbsp;Sergio Michielon de Souza ,&nbsp;Jaqueline de Araújo Bezerra ,&nbsp;Josiana Moreira Mar ,&nbsp;Edgar Aparecido Sanches ,&nbsp;Maria Teresa Pedrosa Silva Clerici","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of partially substituting rice flour (R) with 1.5 % dehydrated <em>Sargassum filipendula</em> (S) flours, using three processing methods: oven-dried flour (SD), freeze-dried flour (SL), and commercial flour (SC). The formulations prepared included a control (R) and three with substitutions (R + SD, R + SL, R + SC), which were processed in a twin-screw extruder with the temperatures of the four zones set at 70 °C, 90 °C, 120 °C, and 115 °C, a screw speed of 200 rpm, and 15 % moisture. The properties were comparatively using the <em>Scott-Knott</em> Test (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05). The substitution of R affected the torque and specific mechanical efficiency (SME) during the extrusion process. The hardness of the extrudates was higher in the R + SD, R + SL, and R + SC formulations, while porosity did not show significant differences. Microstructure analysis revealed more homogeneous surfaces for the rice-only extrudates (R), while the R + SD, R + SL, and R + SC samples showed visible areas of roughness. X-ray diffraction demonstrated the presence of type V starch and showed that the extrusion process influenced the structural organization of the materials analyzed. All pre-gelatinized flours formed cold paste, with the R + SL formulation showing the highest capacity for DPPH radical scavenging, indicating antioxidant activity potential. In the color analysis, through imaging, it was observed that extrudates and pre-gelatinized flours containing only rice were white, while the formulations with seaweed exhibited brownish tones with dark spots distributed across the sample. The results indicate that differences in composition, origin, and drying methods of seaweed influence the physicochemical properties of the rice extrudates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104289"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The stress response and removal mechanism of Chlorella vulgaris to sulfamethoxazole","authors":"Liang Chen ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Zhou ,&nbsp;Yifei Zhou ,&nbsp;Penglan Zhu ,&nbsp;Chunli Yu ,&nbsp;Yali Luo ,&nbsp;Jielian Wu ,&nbsp;Qingsong Zhou ,&nbsp;Wenkui Li ,&nbsp;Shanshan Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to assess the removal efficiency and mechanism by which microalgae remove sulfamethoxazole (SMX). As a sustainable and environmentally friendly method, microalgae-based biotechnology to remove antibiotics has received increasing attention. However, the mechanism of sulfamethoxazole removal by microalgae is still unclear. This study investigated the ecological toxicity of sulfamethoxazole and its removal by <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em>. The results showed that the removal efficiency was from 6.4 % to 49.9 % at different initial antibiotic concentrations. Biodegradation contributed 5.04 %–44.6 % to SMX removal, while abiotic degradation contributed 1.35 %–5.25 %. Low concentrations (1 and 10 mg/L) of SMX promoted the growth and total protein content of microalgae, while high concentrations (20, 40, 70, and 100 mg/L) had inhibitory effects. High concentrations of antibiotics also significantly inhibited the photosynthetic pigments of microalgae. After 96 h of exposure, the content of exopolysaccharides and lipids in microalgae increased compared to the control group. As the initial concentration of SMX increased, the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and malondialdehyde content increased, which indicated that SMX caused oxidative stress in microalgae. Throughout the entire exposure period, 14 TPs (transformation products) were identified. The risk assessment of TPs indicated that SMX treatment using microalgae tends to produce less toxic TPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104294"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}