Role of algae in modulating human lipid profiles from metabolic pathways to biotechnological applications

Lipids are vital organic compounds that serve crucial functions in energy storage, cellular architecture, and signaling processes. Algal lipids rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly omega 3 and omega 6, have garnered attention for their purported advantages, including the resolution of inflammation, cardiovascular protection, and regulation of metabolism. This detailed investigation delves into the importance of lipids, especially those derived from algae. Their potential offers a valuable pathway for acquiring a wide range of crucial fatty acids and bioactive substances that may enhance human well-being. The manuscript explores the biosynthesis of algal lipids, detailing the related metabolic pathways and their potential integration to improve lipid profiles in humans. Moreover, the study highlights the mechanisms of lipid transport and metabolism in human systems, the relationship between algal lipids and gut microbiota, and the recent innovations in biotechnology focused on improving algal lipid production. This study further investigates their effectiveness in tackling neuroinflammation and metabolic disorders. In conclusion, the utilization of algae lipids and their incorporation into functional foods and nutraceuticals offers a promising alternative to current techniques for sourcing PUFAs, underscoring their significance in modern dietary habits.