Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts最新文献

{"title":"Macro- and microelements in Cladophora (Chlorophyta) biomass and bottom sediments of a marine hypersaline lake (Crimea)","authors":"Alexander V. Prazukin,&nbsp;Nickolai V. Shadrin,&nbsp;Yuri K. Firsov,&nbsp;Vladislav Yu. Proskurnin,&nbsp;Elena V. Anufriieva","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The contents of 27 elements were analyzed in the green macroalga <em>Cladophora</em> biomass and bottom sediments of a marine hypersaline lake (Black Sea). Concentrations of Li, Be, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Cd, Sb, Ag, Tl, Pb, B, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Sr, Ba were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Ca, K, Mg, and Na showed the highest average concentrations in <em>Cladophora</em> at 76,69 mg kg⁻¹, 55,58 mg kg⁻¹, 15,46 mg kg⁻¹, and 9,02 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. Relatively high concentrations were recorded for Sr (1,73 mg kg⁻¹), B (1,14 mg kg⁻¹), and Al (459 mg kg⁻¹). Other elements had much lower average concentrations: from 35.84 mg kg⁻¹ for Zn to 0.05 mg kg⁻¹ for Tl. Concentrations of most chemical elements in bottom sediments exceeded those in <em>Cladophora</em> biomass, with Al, Li, Pb, and Ti concentrations over 10 times higher than in the algae; the average concentrations of B, Se, Sr, and Mn in algal biomass were 3.5, 3.6, 1.9, and 1.8 times those in bottom sediments, respectively. A strong positive correlation was found between element levels in the lake's bottom sediments and in <em>Cladophora</em> biomass. The chemical element content varies vertically within the <em>Cladophora</em> mat due to the spatial characteristics of its biological, physical, and chemical structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 104762"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148178205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal oceanographic variability and its impact on the biochemical composition of Rugulopteryx okamurae in two southern Spain coastal locations","authors":"Juan José Córdoba-Granados ,&nbsp;Ismael Hachero-Cruzado ,&nbsp;María Jesús Jiménez-Hierro ,&nbsp;Eugenia Zuasti ,&nbsp;Iratxe Zarraonaindia ,&nbsp;Manuel Manchado ,&nbsp;Emma Cantos-Villar","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The invasive brown seaweed <em>Rugulopteryx okamurae</em> has raised increasing environmental and management concerns along the southern coast of Spain, where it forms massive biomass accumulations on shorelines. In this study, we investigated the seasonal and spatial variability in the biochemical composition of <em>Rugulopteryx okamurae</em> collected from two coastal locations with contrasting environmental conditions. The aim was to identify optimal conditions for valorizing its biomass for agricultural applications. Samples were collected over a two-year period.</div><div>The results showed that the total lipid content of <em>Rugulopteryx</em> <em>okamurae</em> was significantly associated with its carbon content and was strongly influenced by the amount of dissolved inorganic carbon in the seawater. By contrast, temperature and ammonium were the main drivers of nitrogen content. The most favorable C/N ratio, sulfur content, and mineral composition were observed during spring and summer 2024, with mineral content being strongly affected by the seawater temperature. Notably, the concentrations and seasonal variability of potentially toxic metals (Pb, As and Hg) remained below the maximum limits established by EU legislation for agricultural fertilizers.</div><div>Furthermore, the fatty acid methyl ester profile was significantly influenced by dissolved inorganic carbon which modulated the relative proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In contrast, alginate yield remained relatively stable (10–15%) across seasons and locations.</div><div>Overall, these findings highlight the combined influence of spatial and seasonal factors on the biochemical composition of <em>Rugulopteryx okamurae.</em> The results indicate that the warmer months are the optimal period for harvesting biomass intended for soil amendment applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 104761"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148178207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomics responses of Microcystis aeruginosa to UV-B radiation and TiO₂ nanoparticles in monoculture and co-culture with Lemna minor","authors":"Elizabeth Abdulmalik ,&nbsp;Zubeidat Precious Ahmed ,&nbsp;Regina Anya Otogo ,&nbsp;Sadiya Awala Samuel ,&nbsp;Besna Armando Daniel ,&nbsp;Abdullahi Kusogi Abdullahi ,&nbsp;Ismail Adamu ,&nbsp;Thaís Regiani Cataldi ,&nbsp;Carlos Alberto Labate ,&nbsp;Mathias Ahii Chia","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As anthropogenic activities have increased, stratospheric depletion has also increased, resulting in intensified ultraviolet (UV) radiation, especially UV-B, reaching the Earth's surface. Concurrently, the expansion of the manufacturing sector has increased the release of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) into freshwater ecosystems. Both UV-B radiation and TiO₂ NPs are known to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production; however, their combined effects on the metabolomic profile of cyanobacteria during interactions with aquatic macrophytes, remain poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of high (2 W m⁻²) and low (0.8 W m⁻²) UV-B radiation, individually and in combination with TiO₂ nanoparticles (48 mg/L), on the growth and metabolomic profile of <em>Microcystis aeruginosa</em> in monoculture and co-culture with <em>Lemna minor</em>. The experiment was conducted for seven days under laboratory conditions designed to simulate acute stress, and growth was monitored on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Metabolomic profiling was performed using two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS). The results showed that the growth of <em>Microcystis aeruginosa</em> was significantly reduced across all treatments but not in the co-culture experiment, revealing the regulatory role of biological interactions. Metabolomic analysis revealed treatment-specific changes in amino acid, lipid, organic acid, carbohydrate, and secondary metabolic pathways under UV-B and TiO₂ NPs exposure, highlighting oxidative stress and defense mechanisms. The findings show that abiotic and biotic stressors interact to redefine metabolic pathways and oxidative stress responses in <em>Microcystis aeruginosa</em>, highlighting the importance of macrophyte interactions and chemical stressors in predicting bloom formation in freshwater ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 104764"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148178206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response surface optimization for outdoor cultivation of Isochrysis galbana in a PV-integrated photobioreactor","authors":"M.S.N. Atikah ,&nbsp;Mohammad Effendy Ya'acob ,&nbsp;R.A. Ilyas ,&nbsp;Razif Harun","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Managing light effectively is one of the biggest challenges in outdoor microalgal cultivation, especially under the rapidly shifting sunlight typical of tropical climates. In this study, we used Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to understand how light conditions, controlled by distance from a PV-integrated LED system and the presence or absence of LED supplementation, shape the growth of <em>Isochrysis galbana</em>. A Central Composite Design was applied to evaluate how these factors influence PPFD, biomass production, maximum specific growth rate (μ_max), and culture temperature. The fitted RSM models performed well, showing close agreement between predicted and measured values. LED supplementation consistently increased PPFD, while distance was the most significant factor affecting light delivery. Based on numerical optimization, the model identified an optimal irradiance of around 1680 μmol photons m⁻² s⁻¹ at temperatures of 31–33 °C. These predicted conditions were then verified through outdoor experiments, which produced high biomass (0.913 g L⁻¹) and rapid growth (μ_max = 0.92 day⁻¹) using only ambient air. This confirms that <em>Isochrysis galbana</em> can achieve strong performance without CO₂ enrichment when light and temperature are managed effectively. Overall, the study shows that combining outdoor trials with RSM offers a powerful way to fine-tune light availability and improve the efficiency of low-energy, PV–LED-assisted photobioreactor systems. The findings provide practical guidance for scaling up sustainable microalgae cultivation in sun-rich regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 104755"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148178126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering Schizochytrium for tailored omega-3 production: Mechanistic insights into dehydratase domains and integrated metabolic optimization","authors":"Yu Zhao ,&nbsp;Jian Liu ,&nbsp;Pengfei Guo ,&nbsp;Fangzhong Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Chen ,&nbsp;Weiwen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Schizochytrium</em> is a premier industrial platform for polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) production; however, simultaneously achieving high total content and an optimized ω-3/ω-6 quality ratio remains a significant metabolic engineering challenge. In this study, we elucidate the critical role of the dehydratase (DH) domain in PUFA biosynthesis through systematic domain-swapping between <em>Schizochytrium</em> and <em>Shewanella</em>. We first demonstrated that while the native SsDH_FabA domain contributes to both docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) formation, the bacterial SoDH_FabA specifically catalyzes DHA synthesis, thereby acting as a determinant for the ω-3/ω-6 ratio. Secondly, we expressed heterologously the SoDH_FabA in <em>Schizochytrium</em> to selectively improve PUFA composition. To further maximize productivity, we implemented an integrated “Push–Pull–Environmental Adaptation” strategy, which combined precursor supply enhancement, pathway flux redistribution, and intracellular physiological optimization. Finally, the engineered strain achieved a 42.26% increase in total fatty acids and a 54.54% increase in total PUFA, reaching concentrations of 0.44 g/g and 0.29 g/g dry cell weight, respectively. Notably, the ω-3/ω-6 ratio was significantly improved from 2.05 to 2.68–2.80. These results provide a novel engineering paradigm for the sustainable production of high-quality, tailored microbial oils for the industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 104767"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148178306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient deprivation stimulates soluble extracellular polymeric substances: physiological and biochemical responses in the cyanobacterium Cyanocohniella rudolphia","authors":"Filipa Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Ivana Mendonça ,&nbsp;Marisa Faria ,&nbsp;Karine Mougin ,&nbsp;Juan Luis Gómez Pinchetti ,&nbsp;Artur Ferreira ,&nbsp;Nereida Cordeiro","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of macro- and micronutrient deprivation on the cyanobacterium <em>Cyanocohniella rudolphia</em> (BEA 0786B) over 180 days (without medium renewal) was evaluated to intensify the production of soluble extracellular polymeric substances (S-EPS). Growth, pH, cell-free medium viscosity, S-EPS content (phenol‑sulfuric acid assay), Alcian Blue staining, and biochemical/structural markers were monitored to assess EPS release and extracellular matrix dynamics. Progressive nutrient depletion induced a shift from biomass growth toward extracellular-matrix investment. Microcolony formation observed around day 45 preceded a sustained high-production phase, with pronounced matrix densification evident by approximately day 75. Apparent viscosity increased in parallel with S-EPS accumulation and showed a strong correlation with extracellular carbohydrate concentration (R² = 0.86), supporting its use as an operational, non-destructive proxy for S-EPS. Alcian Blue staining qualitatively confirmed the presence of acidic polysaccharides. Quantitatively, S-EPS concentrations increased from 0.1 to 0.8 g L⁻¹, accompanied by an increase in apparent viscosity from 24.7 to 34.7 mPa·s. Morphological and spectroscopic analyses indicated a predominantly carbohydrate-rich extracellular matrix with an increasing protein contribution over time.</div><div>As an exploratory proof of concept, unprocessed S-EPS present in the spent culture medium enabled LAP-initiated photochemical formation of Au and Ag nanoparticles at 365 nm, with S-EPS acting as a stabilising and co-reducing matrix and conferring pH-responsive optical behaviour. This indicates a practical route toward integration into EPS-rich matrices to engineer stimuli-responsive coatings and biomaterials. Overall, this study demonstrates that prolonged nutrient deprivation without medium renewal is an effective strategy to intensify S-EPS accumulation in <em>C. rudolphia</em> and that apparent viscosity provides a practical in-process parameter for monitoring production and supporting direct valorisation of spent culture medium in saline bioprocesses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104600"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery and characterization of novel fucoidanases for depolymerization of Macrocystis pyrifera fucoidan","authors":"Diego S. Reyes-Weiss ,&nbsp;Alexander Mika Hannasvik ,&nbsp;Kristina H. Meszaros ,&nbsp;Victoria J. Demmene ,&nbsp;Gordon Jacob Boehlich ,&nbsp;Margot Bligh ,&nbsp;Manuel Liebeke ,&nbsp;Jan-Hendrik Hehemann ,&nbsp;Runar Stokke ,&nbsp;Bjørge Westereng ,&nbsp;Finn L. Aachmann ,&nbsp;Svein J. Horn ,&nbsp;Nanna Rhein-Knudsen","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brown algae are central players in marine ecology and a rich, renewable resource with a millennia-long history of human use. Their extracellular matrix contains unique anionic polysaccharides, including fucoidans, recognized both as promising therapeutic agents and important players in biogeochemical carbon cycling. Fucoidans are structurally diverse and complex, and still not fully resolved at the molecular level, a challenge that has long hindered their systematic study and translation into biotechnological applications. This structural ambiguity has also contributed to inconsistent terminology within the field. Here, we outline the historical development of fucoidan structural characterization and nomenclature, identify recurring semantic inconsistencies, and propose a standardized terminology. Furthermore, we developed a mild extraction procedure that preserves native fucoidan structure and yields a high-molecular-weight, highly sulfated fucan from <em>Macrocystis pyrifera</em> biomass. Using this material as substrate for enzyme discovery enabled the identification of six novel fucoidanases, fucoidan-degrading enzymes, belonging to families GH107 and GH168. These enzymes originate from specialized fucoidan degrading genus <em>Lentimonas</em> spp. and a deep-sea hydrothermal vent metagenome. Comprehensive analytical characterization revealed distinct substrate specificities, reaction rates, and depolymerization mechanisms among these enzymes. The GH107 enzyme P5AFcnA exhibited the highest activity and was selected for detailed mechanistic and structural studies. Time-resolved analyses demonstrated that P5AFcnA depolymerizes <em>M. pyrifera</em> fucoidan through an endolytic mode of action, generating oligosaccharide intermediates that are further degraded into two sulfated tetramers bearing five and six sulfate esters, as well as a fucose-2,4-disulfate monomer. A recalcitrant fraction enriched in galactose remained undigested. Together, these findings highlight the importance of gentle extraction methods for preserving native fucoidan structure and thereby enabling enzyme characterization. Beyond expanding the enzymatic toolbox for fucoidan processing, this work provides a comprehensive structural analysis of <em>M. pyrifera</em> fucoidan and advances conceptual clarity in the field through a proposed standardized nomenclature system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104601"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bead milling and ultrasonication as scalable techniques for cell disruption of Chlorella vulgaris","authors":"Tom Bernaerts,&nbsp;Sarah Goossens,&nbsp;Erwin Swinnen,&nbsp;Audrey De Cuyper,&nbsp;Floris Schoeters,&nbsp;Sabine Van Miert","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effectiveness of bead milling and ultrasonication for cell disruption and release of soluble compounds on <em>C. vulgaris</em> suspensions. Bead milling and ultrasonication were performed in semicontinuous mode, both on suspensions made from fresh algal paste and from lyophilized microalgae, to study the effect of starting material. Whereas bead milling resulted in complete cell disruption, ultrasonication only disrupted 74–84% of the <em>C. vulgaris</em> cells, as quantified by cell counting. For both treatments, cell disruption followed first order kinetics described by a fractional conversion model. No differences in disruption rate were observed between both techniques, only in the final degree of disruption. The release of soluble carbohydrates, proteins and pigments followed the same kinetics as for cell disruption. Even though preventive cooling measures were implemented, the occurrence of local high temperatures during ultrasonication led to protein aggregation and pigment degradation for treatment times longer than 45 min, while this was not observed for bead milling. Finally, the difference in starting material (fresh algal paste vs. resuspended lyophilized powder) only had a minor impact on the initial degree of disruption, but there was no significant effect on the final degree of disruption. While both bead milling and ultrasonication are scalable disruption techniques, bead milling is the most favorable technique for disruption of microalgal cells with a tougher cell wall like <em>C. vulgaris</em>, due to the higher effectiveness to achieve full cell disruption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104613"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical characterization, phytochemical profiling, antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of Halopithys incurva (Hudson) Batters, 1902: In vitro and in silico approaches","authors":"Youssra Aalilou ,&nbsp;Güneş Ak ,&nbsp;Bouchra Rossafi ,&nbsp;Mustapha Hassoun ,&nbsp;Hanaa Moussa ,&nbsp;Gokhan Zengin ,&nbsp;Samir Chtita ,&nbsp;Mohammed Amanullah ,&nbsp;Abdelhakim Bouyahya ,&nbsp;My El Abbes Faouzi","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG) is an early disturbance in glucose homeostasis linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is often accompanied by oxidative stress. Inhibiting carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, particularly α-amylase and α-glucosidase is a key strategy for managing PPHG and preventing T2D. However, the adverse effects of synthetic inhibitors highlight the need for safer natural alternatives. This study investigated the seaweed <em>Halopithys incurva</em> as a potential source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. Five extracts (n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethanol, methanol, and water) were prepared and subjected to chemical characterization and the estimation of total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total tannin content (TTC). Six complementary <em>in vitro</em> antioxidant assays, together with <em>in vitro</em> antidiabetic assays were performed. The dichloromethane extract contained the highest levels of TPC, TFC, and TTC. The ethanol extract showed the strongest anti-DPPH (503.60 ± 2.14 mg TE/g dry extract) and anti-ABTS (668.55 ± 7.15 mg TE/g dry extract) activities, along with high activity in CUPRAC assay (632.13 ± 14.9 mg TE/g dry extract). The methanol extract showed the highest activity in both CUPRAC and PBD assays (949.33 ± 21.61 mg TE/g dry extract and 4.06 ± 0.011 mmol TE/g dry extract, respectively). Among the tested samples dichloromethane, ethanol, and methanol extracts demonstrated the most potent dual antidiabetic activity among the tested extracts. Nine compounds were identified for the first time from this species and subsequently screened as ligands in <em>in-silico</em> study to elucidate their molecular mechanisms. The results highlighted the strong antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of <em>H. incurva</em> extracts and emphasized the role of herniarin, toddalolactone, loliolide, and isololiolide as promising antidiabetic molecules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104603"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-specific physiological-biochemical and multi-omics responses of Sargassum thunbergii to ocean acidification","authors":"Danrui Li ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Zhao ,&nbsp;Xuexi Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ocean acidification (OA), driven by increasing atmospheric CO₂ concentrations, poses significant threats to the ecologically important intertidal macroalgae. Multiple previous studies have indicated species-specific responses to OA, the sex-specific physiological-biochemical responses and underlying molecular mechanisms in dioecious macroalgae remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the responses of male and female <em>Sargassum thunbergii</em> to acidification treatment (2000 ppm CO₂) by integrating physiological-biochemical, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses. Both sexes maintained photosynthetic performance, with increased maximum relative electron transport rates (rETRmax). Males exhibited a growth-oriented strategy, characterized by higher accumulation of storage compounds like triglycerides and up-regulation of genes related to the photosynthesis and biosynthesis pathways. In contrast, females displayed a survival-oriented strategy, with reduced carbon storage, increased soluble protein and phenolic substance contents, and up-regulation of genes related to defense- and stress-response pathways. These findings provided physiological-biochemical and molecular evidence for a growth and defense trade-off between male and female <em>S. thunbergii</em> under acidification treatment. Our study provided the mechanistic insights into the sex-specific responses of marine macroalgae to global climate change and highlighted the importance of accounting for sexual dimorphism in predicting the ecological resilience of intertidal macroalgae populations under future ocean conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104615"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}