Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts最新文献

{"title":"Carbon fixation and electrogenesis by Clamydomonas reinhardtii and Microcystis aeruginosa coupled with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1","authors":"Xuan Xie ,&nbsp;Haitang Sun ,&nbsp;Liang Li ,&nbsp;Jing Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biophotovoltaics (BPV) and microbial fuel cells (MFCs) both represent promising sustainable energy technologies. However, BPV is limited by the weak electrogenic capacity of phototrophic microorganisms, while MFC faces challenges related to high substrate costs and difficulties in maintaining a continuous and stable supply of substrates. In this study, <em>Microcystis aeruginosa</em> and <em>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</em> were each paired with <em>Shewanella oneidensis</em> MR-1 to construct alga–bacteria MFC systems. The combination of <em>C. reinhardtii</em> and <em>S. oneidensis</em> MR-1 produced the highest power output, reaching 73.6 mA·m⁻² after a stabilization period, outperforming all other configurations tested. This combination also demonstrated excellent CO₂ fixation, with net CO₂ concentration reduced by up to 272.3 % compared with the <em>C. reinhardtii</em>-only system. Metabolomics data further revealed that the presence of <em>S. oneidensis</em> MR-1 caused a substantial reduction in metabolites classified under “Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogs” and “Organic acids and derivatives,” indicating its metabolic utilization of these compounds. The research not only offers a sustainable solution but also provides new perspectives for advancing sustainable energy technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104273"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in the transcriptional regulation and lipid droplet turnover in microalgae","authors":"Huidan Zhang ,&nbsp;Er-Ying Jiang ,&nbsp;Yingjun Zhou ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Yong Fan ,&nbsp;Xiaojin Song ,&nbsp;Ming Lu ,&nbsp;Fuli Li","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae have garnered significant research interest due to their potential to utilize CO₂ for the production of lipids, especially as a source of high-value lipids. The biosynthesis, accumulation, and turnover of lipid droplets in microalgae constitute a complex metabolic process. While the lipid synthesis pathways in algal cells are relatively well understood, research on lipid droplet transport, turnover, and related regulatory mechanisms is still limited. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which transcription factors regulate lipid accumulation in microalgae, based on the latest progress, and delves into the spatial locations of lipid droplet synthesis and degradation. Special attention is given to the process of lipid droplet turnover, encompassing lipid droplet formation, lipid droplet transport, and the initiation of lipolysis. A comprehensive understanding of these processes is essential for optimizing microalgal strains to enhance lipid production and fully harness the potential of microalgae as a sustainable source of bioenergy and specialty lipids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104265"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is green algae polysaccharide a ‘green path’ to health?","authors":"Sammueal Ong Jun Kai ,&nbsp;Matthew Myint ,&nbsp;Chee Fan Tan ,&nbsp;Yi Fan Hong ,&nbsp;Meiyappan Lakshmanan ,&nbsp;Ying Swan Ho ,&nbsp;Thomas T. Wheeler ,&nbsp;Xuezhi Bi ,&nbsp;Ian Walsh ,&nbsp;Sean Chia ,&nbsp;Kuin Tian Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is an increased interest in green algal polysaccharides as they have displayed many beneficial bioactivities. Relevant bioactivities found include promotion of gastrointestinal health, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-hyperlipidaemia, anti-osteoporotic, hypoglycaemic and anti-ageing. Among the many green algae species, the polysaccharides from the three main groups of green algae are more commonly studied. Namely, green algae from the Ulvales order, the Bryopsidales order and the <em>Chlorella</em> genus. As such, this review starts by providing a background on the popularity of these three groups of algae and introducing the basic structures of some of their polysaccharides. Polysaccharides extracted from green algae that have exhibited bioactivity that might make them a great nutraceutical are then highlighted. The current lack of comparisons between the effects of whole algae (which is popularly used as a health supplement, especially for <em>Chlorella</em> species) and polysaccharide extracts is also mentioned, which could hamper progress towards using green algal polysaccharide extracts instead of whole algae. Finally, the possible advantages of polysaccharide extracts as compared to whole algae are mentioned, one of which is the possibility of fine-tuning the dose that is not achievable by taking whole algae supplements due to the possible toxicity when taking whole algae at high levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104268"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The integrated analysis of physiology and transcriptomes provide insights into the short- and long-term salinity adaptation of the diatom (Thalassiosira profunda)","authors":"Ruiqing Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoqian Liu ,&nbsp;Ali Shahzad ,&nbsp;Xin Tian ,&nbsp;Meilin He ,&nbsp;Changhai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global climate change has resulted in alterations in salinity in both marine and freshwater environments, posing severe challenges to the survival of diatoms. Elucidating the physiological responses and adaptive mechanisms of diatoms, particularly those inhabiting estuarine regions, to salinity fluctuations holds significant ecological implications for sustaining primary productivity in estuarine ecosystems and preserving biodiversity in coastal zones. In this study, we investigated the metabolic adaptation of <em>Thalassiosira profunda</em> to salinity over short term (7 days) and long term (2 years) periods at two salinity levels (30 PSU and 15 PSU) by analyzing physiological changes and transcriptomics. The results demonstrated that <em>T. profunda</em> responded to oxidative damage by increasing synthesis of polysaccharides, proteins and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities when exposed to low salinity. <em>T. profunda</em> upregulated photosynthesis to obtain additional energy for oxidative damage repair. We observed that short-term salinity change resulted in a reprogramming of cellular nitrate metabolism, TCA cycle and fatty acid metabolism. The upregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway enhanced intrinsic cellular catalase activity levels, which might be crucial for alleviating photosystem damage in long-term low salinity adaptation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104269"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosynthesis and biological activities of 9-cis beta-carotene from green microalga Dunaliella","authors":"Shuyang Wu ,&nbsp;Xue Wu ,&nbsp;Jiahui Wen ,&nbsp;Zhengxin Chen ,&nbsp;Xinyue Yang ,&nbsp;Xinxin He ,&nbsp;Congjie Dai ,&nbsp;Chao Zhao ,&nbsp;Weichao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing global demand for natural green foods and health-related products, there is an urgent need for the sustainable extraction of nutrient pigments from algae. <em>Dunaliella</em>, a widely studied model alga, serves as a significant source of natural vitamin A, particularly rich in the β-carotene isomer, 9-cis β-carotene (9CBC). 9CBC is recognized for its strong bioactive potential and is one of the most expensive pigments worldwide. It is extensively utilized in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and animal feed industries. Moreover, 9CBC has therapeutic applications in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, retinal degenerative diseases, atherosclerosis, and other medical conditions. However, the natural occurrence of 9CBC is limited, and its synthesis is challenging and costly. This paper reviews the biosynthetic pathways of 9CBC in <em>Dunaliella</em> and investigates methods to enhance its yield. Furthermore, it briefly discusses the therapeutic potential of 9CBC for various diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104270"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tusconia apicata gen. et sp. nov.: An innovative biomass source with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential from thermal spring Bagni San Filippo","authors":"Teresa De Rosa ,&nbsp;Guilherme Scotta Hentschke ,&nbsp;Graciliana Lopes ,&nbsp;Flavio Oliveira ,&nbsp;Germana Esposito ,&nbsp;Roberta Teta ,&nbsp;Vitor Vasconcelos ,&nbsp;Valeria Costantino","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal springs represent distinctive ecosystems that harbor various cyanobacterial communities adapted to unique physicochemical conditions. This paper describes <em>Tusconia apicata</em> gen. et sp. nov. TBCL 2401, a novel cyanobacterium isolated from the <em>Bagni San Filippo</em> hot springs in Tuscany, Italy. Our interdisciplinary approach, which merges phylogenetic analyses with chemical analyses and antioxidant tests, unveiled the potential of this biomass resource.</div><div>Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene positioned <em>T. apicata</em> within the Oculatellales order, showing a distinct relationship with <em>Toxifilum</em>, <em>Sodaleptolyngbya</em>, and <em>Eurychoronema</em>. This classification was further supported by 16S<img>23S ITS secondary structure analysis and morphological and pigment profiling.</div><div>High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array detection (HPLC-PDA) analysis of the acetonic extract revealed a high concentration of carotenoids, with β-carotene (7.40 μg mg⁻¹) as the predominant compound. This extract exhibited significant anti-inflammatory potential by reducing nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Conversely, spectrophotometric quantification of the aqueous extract confirmed a high phycocyanin content (156.55 μg mg⁻¹), which contributed to its antioxidant activity, as demonstrated by its ability to scavenge nitric oxide (^•NO) (IC₂₅ = 113.24 μg mL⁻¹) and superoxide anion (O₂^•-) (IC₂₅ = 75.31 μg mL⁻¹) radicals. These results suggest that <em>T. apicata’</em> metabolites may play a role in modulating inflammatory and oxidative stress responses.</div><div>Moreover, the absence of cyanotoxin biosynthetic genes underscores the potential safety of <em>T. apicata</em> gen. et sp. nov. TBCL 2401 for biotechnological applications. The discovery of this new genus enriches our knowledge of cyanobacterial diversity in thermal environments and highlights their relevance as sources of bioactive compounds with promising pharmaceutical and industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104267"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic genetic module engineering for optimized eicosapentaenoic acid production in Nannochloropsis oceanica","authors":"Jie Zheng ,&nbsp;Ye Liu ,&nbsp;Feng Ge ,&nbsp;Cheng-Cai Zhang ,&nbsp;Danxiang Han ,&nbsp;Haiyan Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, provides numerous health benefits and is a valuable resource for the biofuel and nutraceutical industries. This study aims to enhance EPA production in <em>Nannochloropsis oceanica</em> through synergistic genetic module engineering. Five key enzymes involved in EPA biosynthesis —Δ12 desaturase (Δ12D), Δ6 desaturase (Δ6D), Δ6 elongase (Δ6E), Δ5 desaturase (Δ5D), and ω3 desaturase (ω3D) —were co-expressed in various combinations in the heterologous expression system <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> to evaluate their synergistic effects on EPA production. Based on these findings, proportional combinations of Δ12D-Δ6D and Δ5D-ω3D modules were introduced into <em>N. oceanica</em> individually and jointly. Their impacts on lipid and EPA yield under different nutrient conditions were systematically investigated. The results demonstrated that overexpressing the Δ12D-Δ6D module, along with Δ6E significantly enhanced the ratio of the EPA precursors, C18:3 and C20:4, in total fatty acid under both nitrogen-replete and nitrogen-deplete conditions. In contrast, overexpression of the Δ5D-ω3D module, along with Δ6E, significantly increased EPA content by up to 34.96 % under nitrogen-replete conditions. Under nitrogen-deficient conditions, this genetic modification enhanced EPA content in triacylglycerol (TAG) form by up to 40.47 % and boosted overall TAG yield by 97.43 %. This study highlights the potential of gene stacking technology of Δ5D and ω3D to enhanced metabolic flux and improve EPA synthesis in microalgae. These findings offer a promising strategy for optimizing EPA production and pave the way for the development of genetically engineered strains capable of producing high-value fatty acids at an industrial scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 104261"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Golgi fucosyltransferase coordinates the energy reallocation and laminaran accumulation in diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum","authors":"Jichen Chen ,&nbsp;Kanglie Guo ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Wu ,&nbsp;Zhitao Ye ,&nbsp;Zhen Wang ,&nbsp;Shuqi Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaojuan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fucosyltransferase (FucT), catalyzed the N-glycan structure modification of glycoprotein, played critical roles in cell development and stress resistance. However, little was known about the function of PtFucT in the regulation of energy partition and important metabolites, especially in a widespread model diatom <em>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</em>. In this study, the knock-out mutant of <em>PtFucT1</em> was analyzed comprehensively from physiological, transcriptional, and N-glycoprotein levels. The cell proliferation and photosynthesis of <em>PtFucT1</em> mutant was significantly inhibited, while the accumulation of laminaran and TAG content was activated, implying the energy reallocation in cell. The upregulation of laminaran biosynthesis and downregulation of its degradation metabolism further demonstrated the increase of laminaran content from transcription level. Moreover, the PGM was downregulated in transcription level and N-glycoprotein abundance while PGM/UGP protein complex was upregulated, hinting that glucose-6-phosphate was preferred to synthesize the UDP-glucose and laminaran directly in an energy-efficient strategy. At the same time, the activation of the ERQC system, and restrain of the ERAD mechanism implied the regulating capacity in protein correction and degradation. Our results provided new insights into the function of PtFucT1 in the energy allocation and the energy-efficient strategy of laminaran. It would help comprehensively clarify the function of PtFucT and develop diatoms as microbial cell factories to efficient synthesize laminaran.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 104255"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144771068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic antifungal action of algal-nanochitosan composite against drug resistant Clavispora lusitaniae","authors":"Shimaa H. Salem ,&nbsp;Awatief F. Hifney ,&nbsp;Yasser S.A. Mazrou ,&nbsp;Yasser Nehela ,&nbsp;Abeer H. Makhlouf ,&nbsp;Elhagag A. Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports the development and characterization of chitosan-based nanoparticles (CTS-NPs) for the co-delivery of clotrimazole (CLZ) and bioactive compounds derived from <em>Enteromorpha prolifera</em> (algal extract, AE) to enhance antifungal efficacy against drug-resistant <em>Clavispora lusitaniae</em>. The dual-loaded nanoparticles (CTS-CLZ-AE-NPs) exhibited an encapsulation efficiency of 65 % for CLZ and 81 % for AE, with respective loading capacities of 13 % and 20.25 %. Structural and compositional analyses using FTIR and SEM confirmed successful encapsulation and notable morphological changes. GC–MS analysis identified key antimicrobial constituents in AE, including phenolics, terpenoids, and fatty acids. In vitro, antifungal assays demonstrated that CTS-CLZ-AE-NPs achieved the highest fungicidal activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 mg/mL and an 85.99 % reduction in biofilm formation at 4 × MIC. SEM analysis further revealed significant morphological damage in treated fungal cells. These findings highlight the synergistic potential of CLZ and AE in a nanochitosan platform and underscore its promise as an effective alternative strategy against antifungal-resistant pathogens. Further in vivo evaluation is warranted to establish clinical applicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 104263"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraction and modification of brown algae-derived sodium alginate by ozonation: Characterization and behavior at different pH levels","authors":"Camila Yamashita ,&nbsp;Izabel Cristina Freitas Moraes ,&nbsp;Charles Windson Isidoro Haminiuk ,&nbsp;Antônio Gilberto Ferreira ,&nbsp;Ciro Cesar Zanini Branco ,&nbsp;Natalie Stephanie Sawada Nunes ,&nbsp;Arthur Torres Negreiros ,&nbsp;Cassia Roberta Malacrida Mayer ,&nbsp;Ivanise Guilherme Branco","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alginate, a biopolymer found in brown algae, has diverse physicochemical properties that enable its broad application across various industries. Ozone gas stands out as an innovative tool for modifying alginate, with potential benefits in enhancing properties, such as gel strength, hydrophobicity, and biodegradability. This study evaluated ozone-induced modifications in sodium alginate (SA) extracted from <em>Sargassum cymosum</em> C. Agardh, offering valuable insights into structural and physicochemical changes and potential industrial applications. Ozone-treated SA maintained its chemical integrity and thermal stability. Total color difference (ΔE) analysis revealed that the native sample had a significantly greater deviation from commercial SA than the ozonized sample, likely due to the bleaching effect induced by ozonation. Significant SA chain depolymerization occurred after ozonation, reducing the average molecular weight and viscosity. Rheological analysis demonstrated pH-dependent behavior, with commercial and ozonized samples having similar Newtonian characteristics. Polydispersity index analysis showed a uniform molecular size distribution, and the zeta potential decreased after ozonation. These properties can be explored, for example, in gel formation. These findings enhance our understanding of modified SA applications, addressing a significant knowledge gap.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 104277"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}