Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts最新文献

{"title":"Extraction, purification and antioxidant activity of Chlorella polysaccharide","authors":"Bingfeng Zhou,&nbsp;Jiaming Jiang,&nbsp;Yu Huo,&nbsp;Juying Lin,&nbsp;Changhua Shang","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The antioxidant activity of <em>Chlorella</em> polysaccharide has broad application prospect in healthcare. Ultrasound, hot water, microwave, freeze-thaw, alkali and enzyme assisted extraction methods can achieve high extraction efficiency of polysaccharide by optimizing extraction conditions. However, these methods may have risks of polysaccharide degradation, changes in polysaccharide structure and biological activity due to too long time (such as 6 h) or too high temperature (such as 170 °C). Therefore, mild, green and efficient extraction conditions need to be further studied during optimization process. This study extracted polysaccharide from <em>Chlorella</em> using four traditional methods (alkali, ultrasound, repeated freeze-thaw and hot water) and their combination, and optimized extraction process for the method with the highest polysaccharide extraction rate (alkali/hot water) using response surface methodology (Central Composite Design, CCD). We compared protein removal efficiency of Sevage reagent, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and salting out for polysaccharide extracted by alkali-hot water method (AHP). Three components including neutral polysaccharide (AHP-1) and acidic polysaccharide (AHP-2 and AHP-3), were isolated and purified by DEAE-52 cellulose column chromatography, and their antioxidant activities were investigated. The results showed that Sevage reagent had the best protein removal efficiency (94.6 %, <em>w</em>/w) for AHP. In addition, three polysaccharide components exhibited different DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activities and iron reducing abilities (AHP-2 &gt; AHP-3 &gt; AHP-1). AHP-2 has great potential for the development of natural antioxidants and may serve as a component of functional foods. In summary, this study obtained high extraction rate and purity of <em>Chlorella</em> polysaccharide AHP through extraction and purification, and AHP exhibited high antioxidant activities. The results indicate that AHP has great potential for the development of natural antioxidants, laying the foundation for its application in food, medicine and beauty industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104077"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ monitoring of HCO3−, CO32− and NO3− dynamics during microalgae culture by UV resonance raman spectroscopy","authors":"Fei Zhang ,&nbsp;Xun Wang ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhen Zhu ,&nbsp;Yiming Jiang ,&nbsp;Guoqing Jia ,&nbsp;Xupeng Cao ,&nbsp;Fengtao Fan ,&nbsp;Can Li","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae can convert inorganic carbon (CO₂) and nitrogen (NO_x) into biomass products. However, detection of the concentration of inorganic carbon or nitrogen sources under in-situ culture condition is difficult. In this work, taking <em>Dunaliella salina</em> as a model, the concentration of carbon and nitrogen source in microalgae culture systems are real-time and in-situ detected using UV resonance Raman spectroscopy directly without pretreatment. Due to the resonance Raman effect, the detection limit of inorganic components in the culture medium, HCO₃⁻, CO₃⁻ and NO₃⁻ can reach 10 mM, 2.5 mM, and 0.05 mM respectively. To further indicate the potential of UV Raman spectroscopy, the nitrogen concentration of microalgae culture is monitored using a UV Raman spectrometer at 450 m below the sea. These results demonstrate that the UV resonance Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique for monitoring the carbon and nitrogen sources for microalgae growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104076"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional insights into the chloroplast rps2 gene from Dunaliella salina: Enhanced cadmium adsorption and resistance in recombinant bacteria","authors":"Jia-Yuan Xiao ,&nbsp;Tian-Hong Chen ,&nbsp;Ming-Xu Wu ,&nbsp;Xiao-Yu Zeng ,&nbsp;Jia-Lang Zheng ,&nbsp;Qing-Ling Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that poses significant ecological and health risks. Marine microalgae, such as <em>Dunaliella salina</em>, exhibit remarkable Cd adsorption and tolerance, making them valuable models for studying Cd toxicity and bioremediation. This study identified the chloroplast 30S ribosomal protein gene (<em>rps2</em>) as the most Cd-sensitive gene in <em>D. salina</em>. At 10 μg/L Cd, chloroplast genome-encoded genes related to translation and photosynthesis were upregulated, with <em>rps2</em> displaying sustained upregulation, whereas at 100 μg/L Cd, these genes were downregulated, with <em>rps2</em> exhibiting continuous downregulation. <em>rps2</em> transcription increased at low Cd levels (2.5 and 25 μg/L) but declined at higher concentrations (250 and 2500 μg/L), while protein levels remained stable at low Cd levels (2.5, 25 and 250 μg/L) but dropped significantly at high levels (2500 μg/L). The recombinant strain exhibited enhanced Cd tolerance and adsorption, with higher intracellular Cd levels and reduced Cd in the supernatant compared to controls. The RPS2 protein was detected in both cells and supernatants. Molecular weight discrepancies (63 kDa in <em>D. salina</em> vs. 99 kDa in recombinant strains) suggest post-translational cleavage in <em>D. salina</em>. These findings underscore the critical role of <em>rps2</em> in Cd biosorption and tolerance, offering a promising approach for aquatic Cd bioremediation. Furthermore, this study provides a theoretical foundation for further exploring of the molecular mechanisms of the <em>rps2</em> gene in response to heavy metal stress, and highlights potential non-ribosomal functions and post-translational modifications of ribosomal proteins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104075"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near-infrared spectroscopy for microalgae studies: A comprehensive review of applications and outlooks","authors":"Runyu Zheng,&nbsp;Mohammed Kamruzzaman","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae are photosynthetic organisms typically found in natural freshwater and marine environments. They are important in wastewater treatment for pollution removal and resource recovery. Due to species-specific differences in physiological structure and biochemical composition, microalgae exhibit complex internal metabolisms and dynamic interactions with external environmental factors. However, many of their traits such as components, elements, and genetic information, and key mechanisms including growth and development, metabolism, and toxicological responses, remain insufficiently understood. As an effective, efficient, accurate, and nondestructive optical method, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has great potential for studying microalgal properties. Considering the lack of literature reviews in this field, this paper highlights NIR applications on microalgae from three major categories: components testing, growth monitoring, and contaminants supervision using microalgae as a mediating object. It also discusses the existing challenges and future directions from aspects of microalgae, NIR, predictive modeling, and sustainability. Overall, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overlook and promote further advances at the intersection of microalgae research and NIR spectroscopy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104074"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaling-up information from high-throughput pulsed light data to predict microalgae growth dynamics in photobioreactors","authors":"Alberto Saccardo ,&nbsp;Juliane Wolf ,&nbsp;Ben Hankamer ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Bezzo","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single cell green algae (microalgae) have evolved to tap into the vast solar energy resource via photosynthesis to produce biomass, which is a feedstock for a broad array of products including foods, feeds, fuels, biomaterials and fine chemicals. Microalgae are therefore the chassis for an array of solar biotechnologies.</div><div>In this study, we reformulated a photosynthetic unit model to capture the effect of light-dark cycles induced by self-shading and mixing in scaled-up systems. We calibrated and validated our model using High-Throughput Screening (HTS) data for <em>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</em> under pulsed and continuous light regimes. By reconstructing the light history of individual cells migrating through a cultivation system, we established a link between HTS data and scaled-up systems, and validated the approach using published cultivation data.</div><div>In a case study of an outdoor microalgae cultivation scenario we demonstrated how our model captures the dynamics of both incident solar irradiance and attenuated light intensity along a simulated mixing cycle. The analysis of internal model variables provided insights into the 24-hour biomass growth profile and biomass productivity of the system. Finally, we showed how the model can be exploited for the optimisation of cultivation systems, enabling the definition of optimal forecast illumination intensities, mixing cycles, inoculation densities, and light paths.</div><div>This work represents a first step in linking small-scale HTS platforms with large-scale cultivation systems (i.e. photobioreactors). This provides a foundation to accelerate and de-risk the scale-up of microalgae production systems towards industrialised algae farming and processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104073"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring the presence of pigments in aqueous extracts using silica materials functionalized with ionic liquids","authors":"Gabriela Kovaleski,&nbsp;Márcia C. Neves,&nbsp;Sónia P.M. Ventura","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Macroalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms living in saline environments. Included in the natural compounds produced by macroalgae are natural pigments and colorants such as chlorophylls, carotenoids and phycobiliproteins. These may be harvested directly in nature or cultivated in aquaculture systems. Indeed, a major challenge for aquaculture companies is the lack of standardized, accessible techniques that would allow for the qualitatively assessment of the presence of these pigments in algae biomass and derived extracts. Typically, identifying and measuring these pigments requires complex procedures that may be difficult to implement in smaller aquaculture companies in need of a quick and straightforward solution. This study addresses this gap by developing a silica-based material functionalized with ionic liquid for detecting the presence of phycobiliproteins and other pigments in aqueous extracts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104044"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143901957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the UV-B response and the role of nitric oxide in the chromatically adapting cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC 7335","authors":"María Belén Fernández,&nbsp;Gonzalo Fernández,&nbsp;Iara Lucía Deluca,&nbsp;Lucas Latorre,&nbsp;Natalia Correa- Aragunde,&nbsp;Raúl Cassia","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation exerts different responses in organisms based on the exposure dose and duration. Those with autotrophic lifestyles are continuously exposed to sunlight and evolved mitigation strategies. Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous signaling molecule associated with the protection towards UV-B in plants and cyanobacteria. <em>Synechococcus</em> PCC 7335 is a peculiar cyanobacterium with adaptations to different light regimes and encodes for a non-canonical nitric oxide synthase (NOS). In this study, we analyzed the effects of UV-B and the role of NO during this response. Our findings demonstrate that UV-B treatment slows growth recovery although the culture remains viable. Also, NO levels increase post-irradiation through a mechanism independent of NOS and nitrate reductase (NR), suggesting a probable increase via a non-enzymatic pathway. In addition, UV-B reduces phycobiliprotein (PBP) content, but has no effect on chlorophyll <em>a</em> level. Arginine addition, which is the NOS substrate, has no protective effect towards pigment degradation triggered by UV-B. At the molecular level, UV-B induces the expression of the <em>ObgE</em> homolog gene along with a photolyase operon enabling the culture to counteract the radiation. The deregulated NO production is not involved in the regulation of the expression of these genes. In addition, both UV-B and exogenous NO prevent <em>S</em>. PCC 7335 biofilm formation. This report gives new insight into the response of cyanobacteria to UV-B radiation, which differs from those described for other cyanobacteria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104059"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potentially commercialisable alga, Coelastrella sp. SDEC-28, for stable growth and multiple product applications in pilot-scale seawater-wastewater cultivation","authors":"Zhen Xie ,&nbsp;Huiying Chen ,&nbsp;Meng Ma ,&nbsp;Mingyan Liu ,&nbsp;Haiyan Pei","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of seawater for low-cost cultivation of freshwater microalgae faces limitations because hyperosmotic environments restrict microalgal growth and reduce metabolite accumulation. This study applied monosodium glutamate wastewater to seawater cultivation (SMGW) for the high-value microalgal strain <em>Coelastrella</em> sp. SDEC-28. With the assistance of aeration, biomass and lipids productivity increased twofold, reaching values of 188.95 and 63.24 mg/L/d in SMGW. The special structure of <em>Coelastrella</em> contributed to the stability of its intracellular environment. Thus, three metabolites—carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins—remained stable in the seawater medium at 28.31%, 36.59%, and 30.52%, respectively. The fatty acids and amino acids profiles highlighted potential for producing biodiesel and health supplements. Finally, the establishment of the first 1000-L microalgal cultivation system for SDEC-28 demonstrated the feasibility of large-scale commercial production. This study highlights SMGW with aeration as a cost-effective strategy for boosting SDEC-28's biomass and lipids yields while stabilizing metabolites and enabling scalable production through a 1000-L cultivation system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104057"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Algae-based corrosion inhibitors as innovative approaches to corrosion prevention: A review","authors":"Homa Kahkesh ,&nbsp;Mahdi Yeganeh ,&nbsp;Zahra Shahryari","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Corrosion poses a significant threat to industries, lives, and property, making its management essential from technical, financial, environmental, and aesthetic perspectives. Corrosion inhibitors, particularly synthetic chemicals, are widely used but often toxic and costly. This has led to increased interest in eco-friendly alternatives, especially green corrosion inhibitors derived from algae extracts. Algae are abundant sources of biodegradable and non-toxic biomaterials, which have shown promise as effective corrosion inhibitors due to their unique chemical properties. Despite extensive research on green-based compounds in recent years, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews focusing specifically on algal extracts as corrosion inhibitors for metals. Existing reviews predominantly focus on terrestrial plant-based inhibitors or other bio-sourced materials, with only limited studies addressing algae-derived inhibitors. These studies are typically restricted to specific algae species or narrow experimental conditions, lacking comprehensive synthesis. This review uniquely bridges this research gap by providing a detailed analysis of both microalgae (e.g., <em>Chlorella</em>, <em>Spirulina, etc</em>) and macroalgae (e.g., <em>Sargassum, etc</em>) as sustainable corrosion inhibitors for ferrous alloys across various corrosive environments, including acidic and saline media. It systematically explores their mechanisms of action, advantages, limitations, and synergistic potential with other corrosion inhibitors. Furthermore, the present paper incorporates a comparative analysis of algae-derived inhibitors with traditional ones from various research studies, highlighting their distinct inhibition efficiency, biochemical properties, sustainability, and versatility. By addressing challenges such as compositional variability, stability, and scalability, this paper underscores the transformative role of algae-based inhibitors and encourages innovation in corrosion prevention strategies. The integration of recent findings consolidates evidence for their application in diverse corrosive media, positioning algae-derived inhibitors as a promising solution for sustainable industrial use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104071"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remarkable metabolic reconfiguration due to three classical nitrogen sources in Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)","authors":"Wenkang Fan ,&nbsp;Chunyou Yang ,&nbsp;Dingzhi Song ,&nbsp;Peilin Ye ,&nbsp;Honghao Liang ,&nbsp;Chunping Huang ,&nbsp;Muhamad Syaifudin ,&nbsp;Chenhui Zhong ,&nbsp;Tangcheng Li ,&nbsp;Hong Du","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The macroalga <em>Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis</em> undergoes dynamic nitrogen (N) fluctuations during cultivation, driven by climate change and eutrophication. However, our understanding of how <em>G. lemaneiformis</em> responds to different N environments remains limited. This study investigates the physiological and molecular metabolic responses of <em>G. lemaneiformis</em> to various N chemical forms (ammonium, nitrate, and urea). Our results indicate that <em>G. lemaneiformis</em> preferentially utilizes ammonium, consuming it more rapidly than nitrate and urea. Furthermore, the transcript profiles of N transporters exhibited distinct regulatory patterns between inorganic N and urea. Metabolic flux analysis revealed significant changes under different conditions of N. Notably, ammonium treatment upregulated the expression of photosynthesis-related proteins in PS II and led to an accumulation of amino acids with higher N content, such as arginine and citrulline. In contrast, nitrate treatment downregulated carbon (C) fixation while promoting the accumulation of amino acids with higher C/N ratios, particularly leucine and valine. Urea treatment resulted in elevated levels of polyamines and aromatic amino acids, which displayed the highest C/N ratios. As a result, the overall C/N ratio in <em>G. lemaneiformis</em> corresponded with that of the dominant amino acids across the three N treatments. Our findings revealed that ammonium, nitrate, and urea differentially affect C and N allocation in <em>G. lemaneiformis</em>. Furthermore, strategic use of specific forms of N can significantly enhance the production of industrially valuable metabolites, highlighting the potential of this macroalga as a sustainable resource for aquaculture and nutraceutical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104069"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}