Anatomical Science International最新文献

{"title":"Biomechanical evolutionary advantage of flexor pollicis longus accessory head and topographical association with neurovascular structures","authors":"Amit Kumar Shreevastava,&nbsp;Rajat Subhra Das","doi":"10.1007/s12565-024-00813-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-024-00813-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The human upper limb has undergone various evolutionary myologic changes, accompanied by corresponding modifications in the anatomical course of neurovascular structures. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the emergence of the accessory head of the flexor pollicis longus (AHFPL) muscle as a beneficial biomechanical evolutionary development and its topographical relationship with adjacent neurovascular structures. In this pursuit to understand this phenomenon, dissections were conducted on sixty-two upper limbs from thirty-one cadavers. We found a strong positive correlation between the length of the AHFPL and the distance of the branching point of the brachial artery, ulnar artery, and median nerve into the anterior interosseous nerve. Additionally, we noted a significant negative correlation between the width of the AHFPL muscle and the angle formed between the long axes of the FPL and AHFPL. This increases the angle between the resultant vector and the FPL muscle, decreasing the angle between the AHFPL and the resultant force. Consequently, the resulting force shifts from the initial radial position to a slightly ulnar side, balancing the muscle forces at the same point. The authors hypothesize that this resultant vector provides a biomechanical advantage for the thumb, enhancing emphatic grip precision, providing extra power, and enabling meticulous cupping grip when using tools. Rather than considering the presence of AHFPL as a mere anatomical variation, it should be viewed as an advantageous evolutionary biomechanical development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":"100 3","pages":"298 - 309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral asymmetrical variation of median artery in coexistence with bifid median nerve and variation in the origin and course of its palmar cutaneous branch: a case study with clinical implications","authors":"Sajad Seyyedin,&nbsp;Seyed Noureddin Nematollahi-Mahani","doi":"10.1007/s12565-024-00817-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-024-00817-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The median artery typically regresses after two months of intrauterine life, although it may persist into adulthood in some individuals. The presence of a persistent median artery (PMA) may be associated with other anatomical variations including a bifid median nerve. In the present cadaveric study, we report a rare variation of bilateral asymmetry of PMA associated with the bifid median nerve, and unilateral variation of the origin and course of the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve (PCBMN) which to our knowledge, is the first study to report all these variations in an individual. Classical dissection of the upper limb was performed on a 45-year-old male cadaver. The cadaver was donated to the Department of Anatomy at Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Bilateral PMA was observed in both upper limbs. The PMA originated from the ulnar artery and contributed to the formation of an incomplete superficial palmar arch (SPA) on both sides; however, the branching pattern of these arteries was different between the right and left hands. Also, a bilateral high division of the median nerve was observed proximal to the carpal tunnel. We also encountered a very rare variation of PCBMN, in which it originated from the ulnar side of the median nerve, and passed beneath the flexor retinaculum of the left hand. Awareness of anatomical variations of the median nerve and also the presence of PMA is of utmost importance due to their implication in carpal tunnel syndrome and surgical complications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":"100 3","pages":"366 - 369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142799125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: The anatomy of the common iliac artery: a meta-analysis based on 5785 cases","authors":"Mateusz Koziej,&nbsp;Julia Toppich,&nbsp;Jakub Wilk,&nbsp;Dawid Plutecki,&nbsp;Patryk Ostrowski,&nbsp;Daniel Rams,&nbsp;Marta Fijałkowska,&nbsp;Sanjib Kumar Ghosh,&nbsp;Małgorzata Mazur,&nbsp;Renata Pacholczak-Madej,&nbsp;Jerzy Walocha,&nbsp;Michał Bonczar","doi":"10.1007/s12565-024-00815-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-024-00815-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":"100 1","pages":"36 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12565-024-00815-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142765572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of dopaminergic neuron-specific mitochondrial morphology and function using tyrosine hydroxylase reporter iPSC lines","authors":"Mutsumi Yokota","doi":"10.1007/s12565-024-00816-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-024-00816-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Changes in mitochondrial function and morphology contribute to the development of many neurological diseases. Parkinson’s disease is one of the neurodegenerative diseases suspected to be associated with defects in mitochondrial function and quality control. The loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta is a well-known pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease. It is important for elucidating the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease to analyze mitochondrial function and morphology specific to dopaminergic neurons using live-cell imaging or electron microscopy. However, the cells differentiated into dopaminergic neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells generally comprise heterogeneous populations. We generated <i>tyrosine hydroxylase</i> (<i>TH</i>) reporter iPSC lines to distinguish dopaminergic neurons from other cells for live-cell imaging and electron microscopy. This review summarizes previous studies utilizing the <i>TH</i> reporter iPSC lines and discusses the importance of studying mitochondria specific to dopaminergic neurons. Additionally, it provides overviews of recent studies reporting changes in endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial contact sites in Parkinson’s disease models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":"100 2","pages":"155 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and clinical aspects of os trigonum: a meta-analysis","authors":"Maciej Preinl,&nbsp;Aleksander Osiowski,&nbsp;Kacper Stolarz,&nbsp;Maksymilian Osiowski,&nbsp;Dominik Taterra","doi":"10.1007/s12565-024-00811-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-024-00811-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Os trigonum (OT) is one of the most common accessory ossicles in the foot and ankle region. It is believed that OT was first described by Rosenmuller in 1804, but von Bardeleben is the one who coined the nomenclature for this anatomical variation in 1883. The literature indicates that OT is extremely variable in prevalence, with reported rates ranging from 1.7% to 32.5%. In clinical practice, OT is a considerable factor that may predispose patients to posterior ankle impingement syndrome (PAIS). The aim of this study was to provide comprehensive data on the prevalence and anatomical characteristics of OT. We conducted a comprehensive search of the main electronic databases to find the relevant research. Information concerning geographical origin, prevalence, gender distribution, imaging modality, and morphometry of OT was extracted. The PRISMA guidelines were strictly followed throughout the study. The reliability of the included studies was assessed using the AQUA tool. A total of 41 studies (n = 36,612 feet) were included in this meta-analysis. This meta-analysis showed that OT was present in 9.0% (95% CI: 7.4–10.8) of the feet, and was present bilaterally in 32.7% (95% CI: 23.3–43.7) of cases. Regarding the types of imaging modality used in the evaluation of OT by the included studies, prevalence assessed by X-rays was 8.2% (95% CI: 6.8–9.9), MRI was 24.2% (95% CI: 14.6–37.3), CT was 21.0% (95% CI: 12.8–32.5), and cadaveric dissection was 5.0% (95% CI: 3.4–7.4). OT was most commonly found in East Asia (11.0%, 95% CI: 7.1–16.8). Two studies provided enough data to calculate the odds ratio linking PAIS with OT. The analysis showed that patients with PAIS are almost 16 times more likely to have OT compared to those without PAIS (OR = 15.98, 95% CI = 0.255–1002.8). OT is a very common accessory ossicle and is present in nearly one in 10 feet. The highest prevalence is noted in the East Asian population. MRI and CT show the highest prevalence of OT. It is important to keep in mind the possible presence of OT when a patient is diagnosed with PAIS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":"100 3","pages":"287 - 297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12565-024-00811-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142715221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variant anatomy of the iliac veins and presence of two venous rings around the arteries in the pelvis","authors":"Satheesha B. Nayak,&nbsp;Soumya Kodimajalu Vasudeva","doi":"10.1007/s12565-024-00812-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-024-00812-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Internal iliac vein drains the pelvic viscera, gluteal region, and the perineal region. Knowledge of its variations is of importance to radiologists, gynecologists, and orthopedic surgeons. We found one of the rare variations of the internal iliac vein during our cadaveric dissections. The right internal iliac vein had anterior and posterior trunks. The anterior trunk joined the external iliac vein to form the common iliac vein. The posterior trunk terminated into the common iliac vein. There was a broad communication between anterior and posterior trunks. Further, there were two venous rings formed by the tributaries of the internal iliac veins. One of them surrounded the superior gluteal artery and the other surrounded the internal pudendal and inferior gluteal arteries. Here, we discuss the clinical importance of the case.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":"100 2","pages":"256 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142685783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory mechanisms governing GLI proteins in hedgehog signaling","authors":"Saishu Yoshida,&nbsp;Kiyotsugu Yoshida","doi":"10.1007/s12565-024-00814-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-024-00814-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is critical for regulating cell growth, survival, fate determination, and the overall patterning of both vertebrate and invertebrate body plans. Aberrations in Hh signaling are associated with congenital abnormalities and tumorigenesis. In vertebrates, Hh signaling depends uniquely on primary cilia, microtubule-based organelles that extend from the cell surface. Over the last 2 decades, studies have demonstrated that key molecules regulating Hh signaling dynamically accumulate in primary cilia via intraflagellar transport systems. Moreover, through the primary cilia, extracellular signals are converted to stabilize GLI2 and GLI3 that are transcription factors that play a central role in regulating Hh signaling at the post-translational modification level. Recent in vivo and anatomical studies have uncovered crucial molecules that facilitate the conversion of extracellular signals into the intracellular stabilization of GLI2/GLI3 via primary cilia, emphasizing their essential roles in tissue development and tumorigenesis. This review explores the regulatory mechanisms of GLI2/GLI3 with a focus on mammalian tissue development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":"100 2","pages":"143 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142685820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Envisioning the future of ASI: reflections on the 100th anniversary","authors":"Sén Takeda","doi":"10.1007/s12565-024-00810-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-024-00810-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":"100 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unilateral two-headed extensor digitorum longus muscle: atypical configuration and clinical implications","authors":"Merve Falay Kislalioglu,&nbsp;Eren Ogut,&nbsp;Serdar Bagci,&nbsp;Pedram Turkoglu,&nbsp;Gonul Kotil,&nbsp;Cagatay Barut","doi":"10.1007/s12565-024-00809-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-024-00809-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This report describes a new configuration of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) with two heads and two main tendons divided into four slips. During routine cadaver dissection, unilateral (right) EDL muscle belly and tendon variations were identified. The morphometric measurements of the EDL were conducted using Image J software. Two bellies and two tendons of the EDL muscle were observed in the right leg of an 87-year-old male cadaver. The second belly of the EDL muscle originates 2 cm below the first belly. The tendons originate at the ends of the muscle bellies. First and second tendons split into two more slips after passing through the same tunnel below the extensor retinaculum. The first tendon was divided into two tendon slips attached to the extensor expansion of the second and third toes, whereas the second tendon was divided into two tendon slips attached to the extensor expansion of the fourth and fifth toes on the dorsum of the foot. The width of the muscle belly for the tendons of 2nd and 3rd toes was 1.10 ± 0.06 cm, while it was 1.39 ± 0.04 cm for that of the 4th and 5th toes. The developmental variations in the EDL muscles can be asymptomatic. This variant of the EDL muscle may cause entrapment under the extensor retinaculum, potentially restricting ankle dorsiflexion. This limitation can also affect walking. Consequently, paying attention to this variance is crucial for surgical planning and interpretation of radiological scans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":"100 2","pages":"251 - 255"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The anatomy of the common iliac artery: a meta-analysis based on 5785 cases","authors":"Mateusz Koziej,&nbsp;Julia Toppich,&nbsp;Jakub Wilk,&nbsp;Dawid Plutecki,&nbsp;Patryk Ostrowski,&nbsp;Daniel Rams,&nbsp;Marta Fijałkowska,&nbsp;Sanjib Kumar Ghosh,&nbsp;Małgorzata Mazur,&nbsp;Renata Pacholczak-Madej,&nbsp;Jerzy Walocha,&nbsp;Michał Bonczar","doi":"10.1007/s12565-024-00808-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-024-00808-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The common iliac arteries (CIA) are the main finals branches of the abdominal aorta. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to demonstrate the most up-to-date and evidence-based data regarding the general anatomy of the CIAs, including their length, take-off angles, and diameters. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched to find all studies considering the anatomy of the CIA. Eligibility assessment and data extraction stages were performed. The results of the measurements in a total of 5785 patients were evaluated and included in the statistical analysis. The prevalence of the origin variations of the CIA has been evaluated. CIA was found to most commonly originate at the level of L4 vertebrae with a pooled prevalence of 59.49% (95% CI 48.00–70.50%). The overall mean length of the CIA was 5.59 mm (SE: 0.13), and the mean diameter of the CIA was 10.52 mm (SE: 0.85). The knowledge of the anatomy and variations of the CIA is crucial in lumbar spine surgery, especially when performing the anterolateral approach to L4 and L5 vertebrae. Furthermore, the level of the aortic bifurcation has significant implications related to vascular surgery in this region. We performed the present meta-analysis to standardize the extensive information on the anatomy of the CIAs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":"100 1","pages":"25 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12565-024-00808-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142612437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}