{"title":"A pipeline for mouse brain registration to an atlas after in vivo neurophysiological recordings.","authors":"Ryo Aoki, Akari Kamigaki, Aoi Yoshii, Momoko Daiku, Shoya Sugimoto, Yasuhiro R Tanaka","doi":"10.1007/s12565-025-00879-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-025-00879-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurophysiological recordings and histological examinations, along with behavioral observations, are interconnected methodological dimensions of systems neuroscience. Current progresses in the neurophysiological data acquisition and machine learning-based data-driven behavioral analysis emphasize the need for precise anatomical localization of recorded neurons. Here, we describe an integrated pipeline for mapping mouse brain regions expressing genetically encoded calcium indicator imaged with two-photon microscopy, and high-density multichannel electrode positions marked with lipophilic dye, to standardized anatomical coordinates. This protocol consists of three parts. First, we present a step-by-step procedure of the Fast 3D Clear method applied to mouse brains. Second, we describe the configuration and acquisition of the three-dimensional whole-brain imaging system using descSPIM, a custom-made light-sheet fluorescence microscope. Finally, we provide a detailed explanation and practical guide for image analysis for whole-brain image volume, including stitching, alignment, and registration to the Allen Common Coordinate Framework. Our workflow successfully localized a region of interest from two-photon imaging and a Neuropixel probe trajectory in the coordinate system. Our scalable, affordable, and accessible protocol allows researchers to replicate and adapt it to align with their objectives, including application to other species.</p>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144697434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urszula Emilia Bogacka-Wójcik, Dawid Władysław Dziedzic, Bogdan Mikołaj Ciszek
{"title":"Morphologic and morphometric study of the long head of the biceps femoris in male cadavers: tendon and MTJ insights for injury diagnosis.","authors":"Urszula Emilia Bogacka-Wójcik, Dawid Władysław Dziedzic, Bogdan Mikołaj Ciszek","doi":"10.1007/s12565-025-00885-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-025-00885-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The long head of the biceps femoris (BFlh) is among the most frequently injured components of the hamstring complex, particularly at the myotendinous junctions (MTJs). Despite its clinical relevance, the gross morphology of the BFlh-including its tendon structure and anatomic variability-remains insufficiently characterized. This study aimed to provide a detailed anatomic and morphometric analysis of the BFlh, focusing on the proximal and distal tendons and their integration with surrounding muscle fibers. Thirty-five formalin-fixed male cadavers were dissected via a posterior longitudinal approach. Tendons were subdivided into free, intermediate, and intramuscular portions. Morphometric data were collected using digital calipers and flexible measuring tape, and correlation analyses were performed using appropriate statistical methods. The total muscle length ranged from 42.0 to 50.0 cm. The tendons showed consistent segmentation, with significant correlations between tendon lengths and limb dimensions, as well as between MTJp and MTJd lengths. The thinner, more variable intramuscular segments may contribute to increased injury susceptibility. These findings support a standardized understanding of MTJ architecture and may enhance injury classification, diagnosis, and rehabilitation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anatomical relationship between the vinculum breve derived from the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon and the volar plate in the proximal interphalangeal joint of the hand: variation in the distribution of attachments.","authors":"Takeo Ichigaya, Keiko Fujita, Tomohiro Kurisaki, Kazuhiro Takano, Masabumi Nagashima","doi":"10.1007/s12565-025-00887-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-025-00887-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The vinculum breve, a structure connected to the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon, located near the volar plate of the proximal interphalangeal joint. It has traditionally been regarded as a conduit for vascular supply to the tendon and its sheath. However, the detailed morphology of the vinculum breve and its relationship to the volar plate have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the vinculum breve at the proximal interphalangeal joints from the index to little fingers of 20 cadavers (160 fingers in total). Two morphological types of the vinculum breve were identified: cord-like (59.4%) and membranous (40.6%). The membranous vinculum breve attached to the proximal interphalangeal joint tended to be denser proximally than distally. A high proportion (82.5%) of the vinculum breve was found to be attached to the volar plate. Cord-like vinculum breve was significantly more common in the index and middle fingers, where it attached to portions of the volar plate. In contrast, membranous vinculum breve was significantly more frequent in the little finger, often covering a large portion of the volar plate. These findings suggest that during flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint, the vinculum breve contributes to the proximal sliding of the volar plate in coordination with the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon.</p>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction to the CLEM technique developed in the field of neuroanatomy.","authors":"Takaichi Fukuda","doi":"10.1007/s12565-025-00875-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-025-00875-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CLEM, which allows the observation of the same structure using both light and electron microscopes, is becoming increasingly popular in various fields in recent years as molecular and cell biology research deepens and experimental techniques become more sophisticated. Although CLEM is often considered a specialized technique, it has been used for 40 years to observe neuroanatomy since the era of Golgi-EM, so it does not require specialized equipment and can be applied relatively easily to various tissues and even cultured cells at a single cell level. The specific methodology is introduced here.</p>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mauro Bezerra Montello, Wigínio Gabriel Lira-Bandeira, Renan Porfírio Oliveira, Ester Clésia Nogueira Inácio, Bento João Abreu, Judney Cley Cavalcante
{"title":"A novel bilateral distal variation of the biceps brachii.","authors":"Mauro Bezerra Montello, Wigínio Gabriel Lira-Bandeira, Renan Porfírio Oliveira, Ester Clésia Nogueira Inácio, Bento João Abreu, Judney Cley Cavalcante","doi":"10.1007/s12565-025-00876-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-025-00876-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The biceps brachii muscle is known for its anatomical variability, particularly regarding the presence of additional heads, most commonly arising proximally as third, fourth, or even fifth heads. Distal variations, however, are rarely described in the literature. In this case report, we describe a rare bilateral finding of an accessory muscle belly originating from the short head of the biceps brachii. This accessory belly gives rise to a distinct tendon and inserts distally to the main biceps tendon. Recognition of this unusual anatomical arrangement in the cubital fossa is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis, guide appropriate treatment planning, and prevent iatrogenic injury during surgical procedures involving the elbow or forearm.</p>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144666897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The role of type I collagen in white matter injury.","authors":"Reiji Yamazaki, Nobuhiko Ohno","doi":"10.1007/s12565-025-00881-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-025-00881-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>White matter injury is a cerebral pathology marked by the loss of oligodendrocytes and the resultant demyelination. Various mechanisms induce white matter injury, including ischemic stroke and multiple sclerosis. Oligodendrocytes regenerate white matter in the central nervous system in a process called remyelination, ensheathing demyelinated axons with new myelin. While failures of remyelination can be observed in progressive multiple sclerosis and after ischemic stroke, the mechanisms of impaired white matter regeneration remain unclear. In this review, we primarily focus on our recent work while summarizing studies reporting on mouse models of internal capsule demyelination and discuss inhibitory factors affecting white matter regeneration. In addition, we provide recent findings on the role of type I collagen as an inhibitory molecule of remyelination in white matter lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrating in vivo calcium imaging with head-fixed visual discrimination task of mice.","authors":"Qingrui Liu, Takamasa Yoshida, Hisato Maruoka","doi":"10.1007/s12565-025-00874-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-025-00874-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying sensory perception remains a fundamental challenge in neuroscience. In vivo two-photon calcium imaging in behaving mice has become a widely used approach to dissect cortical dynamics during perceptual decision-making. In this protocol, we present a standardized and reproducible experimental pipeline for investigating the neural basis of visual perception at cellular resolution. After being surgically prepared, the mice were trained in a step-by-step method and reliably learned the orientation-based visual discrimination task at full contrast, achieving high performance within days and maintaining stable proficiency across sessions. Combining viral-mediated expression of genetically encoded calcium indicators with two-photon imaging, deep-layer neuronal activity in the primary visual cortex was recorded while mice were performing the multi-contrast discrimination task. The imaging data revealed diverse neuronal response profiles, providing insights into the cortical representations supporting visual perception. Our protocol provides detailed information on surgical preparation, behavioral training and data acquisition, offering educational and practical guidance for investigating sensory processing and perceptual decision-making in the mammalian cortex.</p>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A systematic review of the use of human body donor models for postgraduate laparoscopic surgical training.","authors":"Sedat Alp Pinar, Joseph J Morrow, Chia Yew Kong","doi":"10.1007/s12565-025-00872-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-025-00872-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While laparoscopy has become the gold standard for many abdominal surgical procedures, it has a steeper learning curve compared to an open surgical approach. Body donor (cadaveric) models (BDM) present a high-fidelity model for laparoscopic surgical training. There are a variety of models available from fresh-frozen models to soft-embalmed models using multiple proprietary preparation solutions. There remains uncertainty surrounding the models' relative strengths and weaknesses. This study aims to evaluate the different body donor models used in postgraduate laparoscopic surgical training. A systematic search was conducted across Medline, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane to identify articles relevant to postgraduate laparoscopic training using HBD following the PRISMA guidelines. A narrative review themed on HBD feasibility, validity, and educational utility in laparoscopic surgical training. PROSPERO Registration: NIHR CRD42023437230. Fifty-five studies were included. BDM in general were perceived as authentic and of high educational value. Soft embalmed models (e.g., Thiel<sup>®</sup>, Genelyn<sup>®</sup>, modified Larssen<sup>®</sup>), were reported to be feasible and possess high face validity despite embalming and had advantages over fresh frozen body donors (FFBDs), including reusability, cost-effectiveness, and better odor satisfaction. Comparative studies reported a preference of human body donor models over other simulation methods due to its high fidelity. Body donor models including soft embalmed models provide high-fidelity laparoscopic training environments well perceived by trainees regardless of preservation or tissue fixation. Significant research gaps remain; head-to-head comparative studies between the different models remain sparse as well as data on non-educational aspects such as formal cost-utility analysis and ecological impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Denise Bonente, Tiziana Tamborrino, Niccolò Fagni, Sandra Bracco, Sara Leonini, Sara Ottolenghi, Virginia Barone, Eugenio Bertelli
{"title":"Radiological anatomy of the trochlear spine and associated bony structures around the superior oblique tendon: a CT-based study.","authors":"Denise Bonente, Tiziana Tamborrino, Niccolò Fagni, Sandra Bracco, Sara Leonini, Sara Ottolenghi, Virginia Barone, Eugenio Bertelli","doi":"10.1007/s12565-025-00871-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-025-00871-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The superior oblique muscle tendon is known to bend in the anterior orbit around a cartilaginous trochlea. The site where the tendon bends is frequently interested by the presence of a small depression, the trochlear fovea, and/or the trochlear spine. Exact topography, size and frequency of these items are still undetermined. For this purpose, we studied 120 orbits of individuals that underwent computed tomography for pathologies not involving the anterior orbit. We detected the presence of the trochlear spine in 10% of orbits and we determined its location and size. We also observed the presence of two tubercles (TT<sub>1</sub> and TT<sub>2</sub>), with distinct positions relative to the tendon. TT<sub>1</sub> was present in 5% of orbits and was located on the same spot of the spine differing from the latter only for its morphology. TT<sub>2</sub> lied in a more advanced position and it was rarer (1,67% of orbits). The spine and the first type of tubercle were located above and behind the tendon reflection; the second tubercle lied below and ahead of the tendon reflection. A distinct trochlear fovea was detected in 25.83% of orbits and lied 3.42 ± 0.97 mm behind the orbital rim. Fovea diameters were 4.16 ± 1.08 mm × 3.84 ± 0.97 mm. In conclusion we demonstrate that in the anterior orbit a bony process is present in at least 15% or orbits. It is a note of interest for strabismus surgery when it is necessary to intervene on the superior oblique muscle or when it is needed access to the medial orbital wall.</p>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144641579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A condylar imprint of Farabeuf's knocker and associated cervical variants.","authors":"Mugurel Constantin Rusu, Răzvan Costin Tudose","doi":"10.1007/s12565-025-00870-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-025-00870-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Different head and neck anatomical structures, such as the temporomandibular joint, carotid arteries and their branches, styloid process, hyoid and thyroid cartilage, are subjected to anatomical variations. A range of novel and rare anatomical variants were found during the anatomical exploration of a DICOM file. The archived angioCT file of a 63-year-old male was examined anatomically. There were no pathological processes or other artefacts to distort the anatomical patterns. The imprint of Farabeuf's knocker (posterior zygomatic tubercle) on the posterior side of the right mandibular condyle was found. This is an anatomical novelty. Rare neck variations were found: a right-tilted and collapsed hyoid bone over the thyroid cartilage and the agenesis of the left superior horn of this cartilage. Variations of the external carotid arteries' branches were observed. A right thyrolingual trunk gave off a superior thyroid artery that supplied both thyroid lobes with distinctive right and left branches, the opposite superior thyroid artery being absent. On both sides, the superficial temporal artery coursed over the temporomandibular joints. The right internal carotid artery coiled immediately beneath the skull base. It is recommended that CT scans be carefully explored, as various concomitant anatomical variations, including rare or previously unreported findings, may be encountered.</p>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}