Anatomical Science International最新文献

{"title":"Deep learning approach for sex determination using medial clavicle histomorphology.","authors":"Kewalee Pichetpan, Phruksachat Singsuwan, Apichat Sinthubua, Patison Palee, Sukon Prasitwattanaseree, Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh","doi":"10.1007/s12565-026-00934-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-026-00934-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sex determination from skeletal remains presents significant challenges, particularly when bones are damaged or incomplete. In such cases, histomorphological analysis of fragmented bone pieces becomes essential. The medial clavicle is recognized as a valuable anatomical marker in forensic and anthropological research due to its pronounced sex-related morphological variations. This study aimed to develop a deep learning-based method for sex determination using histological images of the medial clavicle in Thai population, and to evaluate its performance with both validation and blind test sets utilizing the GoogLeNet convolutional neural network architecture. A total of 100 pairs of clavicles were included, with 70 cases (35 males,35 females) assigned to the training group and 30 (15 males,15 females) to the test group. Histological images underwent pre-processing and were standardized in size before being input into the training model. Validation accuracy was assessed using MATLAB, while descriptive statistics for the test set were calculated with SPSS software. GoogLeNet demonstrated superior performance, achieving a validation accuracy of 96.43% and a blind test accuracy of 90%. These results highlight the potential of a deep learning approach using 2D histological images of the medial clavicle as a straightforward and effective tool for sex determination in forensic anthropology, offering a high degree of accuracy. This method paves the way for rapid, objective, and accessible sex identification, even from fragmented human remains, and demonstrates promise for broader applications in the forensic and anthropological sciences.</p>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mandibular metric-based sex estimation in Asian populations: a novel OPLS-LDA framework.","authors":"Sumar Chan, Newman Caddies, Sameer Dhumale, Abduelmenem Alashkham","doi":"10.1007/s12565-026-00932-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-026-00932-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate sex estimation is of utmost importance in forensic anthropology and bioarchaeology. Nevertheless, traditional methods are frequently influenced by confounding factors and biases specific to certain populations. This study aims to revolutionize sex classification methods for Asian populations through the innovative integration of Orthogonal Partial Least Squares (OPLS) for dimensionality reduction and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) for evaluating mandibular metrics. A collection of dry mandibles, predominantly sourced from the late 19th century to minimize the influence of modern admixture, was analyzed, measuring 16 key parameters. OPLS was utilized to isolate sex-relevant variations, followed by univariate and multivariate LDA to achieve robust classification, with cross-validation performed to ensure reliability. The results indicated cross-validated accuracies ranging from 75.7 to 87.4% for univariate LDA and from 82.5 to 85.4% for multivariate LDA, with maximum mandibular body height identified as the most significant predictor (87.4%). This pilot study establishes a reliable framework for sex estimation based on mandibular parameters in pooled Asian populations, offering significant implications for forensic and bioarchaeological applications. The effectiveness of OPLS in eliminating confounding factors was highlighted, enhancing the robustness of the findings. Future research is recommended to extend these methodologies to other Asian subgroups and develop LDA models for fragmented mandibles, thereby improving the practical utility of sex estimation techniques in forensic contexts. Valuable insights into sexual dimorphism are provided, emphasizing the potential for standardized sexing protocols across diverse Asian populations, which reinforces the importance of reliable methodologies in forensic investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological features of embryonic dendritic cells in the quail esophagus using transmission, scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy.","authors":"Soha A Soliman, Sherief M Abdel-Raheem, Hanan H Abd El-Hafeez, Catrin Sian Rutland, Abdullah A A Alghamdi, Alaa S Abou-Elhamd, Khalid Alkashif, Sahar H El-Nagar, Nagah M Abourashed, Fatma A Madkour","doi":"10.1007/s12565-026-00931-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-026-00931-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147759777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A structural analysis of the facial muscle modiolus: using a three-dimensional reconstruction system.","authors":"Miyuki Kishibe, Satoru Honma, Rieko Kominami, Takahiro Sonomura","doi":"10.1007/s12565-026-00930-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-026-00930-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The modiolus is a complex anatomical region where multiple facial muscles converge to coordinate movements of the lips, cheeks, and oral fissure. Although its functional importance is well recognized, its intricate anatomy has been difficult to clarify using conventional methods alone. Six formalin-fixed human cadavers (nine hemifacial regions) without deformities were examined. Dissections were performed under 2.6× loupe magnification from the deep periosteal side to preserve the spatial relationships of the facial muscles forming the modiolus. Based on these findings, one well-preserved specimen was selected for detailed three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. A tissue block containing the upper central modiolus was serially sectioned at 5 μm thickness, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, digitally scanned, and reconstructed using 3D volume-rendering software, enabling selective visualization of individual muscles and their interrelationships. Loupe magnification dissection consistently identified the orbicularis oris, buccinator, zygomaticus major, levator anguli oris, and depressor anguli oris as core components of the modiolus. The orbicularis oris displayed a consistent three-layered structure; however, its detailed internal connections with other muscles could not be clearly identified at the muscle fiber level while preserving tissue relationships. Three-dimensional reconstruction demonstrated that muscle bundles of the labial part of the orbicularis oris and the zygomaticus major crossed obliquely and interwove tightly within the modiolus. Although in this study limited to a single specimen, this combined approach provides valuable insight into minute and intricate structures such as the modiolus, which is difficult to elucidate using conventional techniques alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147626676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare case of bilateral absence of the external jugular vein: implications for clinical procedures involving the cervical region.","authors":"Sawako Hamasaki, Takao Mukuda, Yuka Koyama, Hironobu Nakane, Kenji Okazaki, Toshiyuki Kaidoh","doi":"10.1007/s12565-026-00929-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-026-00929-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147572151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Projection targets of efferent neurons in the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve in rats: microdissection and glycogen depletion, immunhistochemical nerve fibre analysis, electromyographic study and three dimensional reconstruction.","authors":"Michael L Pretterklieber, Andreas Frank, Richard Mayer, Renate Pflug, Alvin Lin, Bettina Pretterklieber","doi":"10.1007/s12565-026-00925-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-026-00925-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tracer studies have revealed that the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve carries sensory but also motor neuron fibres. Our aim was to investigate the potential target(s) of these efferent fibres in vivo and ex vivo using a murine model. The regional anatomy of the rat larynx was explored and detailed using the modified Sihler's procedure. Additonally, the laryngeal muscles were subjected to glycogen depletion via electrostimulation of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve or the inferior laryngeal nerve. Glycogen content was examined histologically via periodic acid-shift staining and staining for glycogen phosphorylase activity. Furthermore, EMG recordings from the posterior cricoartyenoid and cricothyroid muscles were obtained and the fibre distribution within the superior laryngeal nerve was studied immunohistochemically. All animal experiments were conducted under appropriate ethics approval. For functional considerations, computer assisted 3D-reconstructions were prepared. In comparison to the non-stimulated contralateral side, ipsilateral stimulation of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve led to a significant depletion of glycogen content in the muscle fibres forming the ventrolateral part of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (95% confidence interval for p < 0.05). Solely the inferior laryngeal nerve innervates the dorsomedial part of this muscle. This result was further confirmed by EMG records and immunohistochemistry of the muscle nerves. The ventrolateral part of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle, the true abductor of the vocal folds, is innervated by motor neurons from both the inferior laryngeal nerve and internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve in rats in vivo.</p>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147508728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical analysis of the elongated styloid process with reference to the styloglossus and stylopharyngeus muscles and ossified stylohyoid ligament: a cadaveric study.","authors":"Masami Takahashi, Shunichi Shibata, Toru Shibui, Kazuharu Irie","doi":"10.1007/s12565-026-00926-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-026-00926-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This report describes an elongated stylohyoid process (ESP), focusing on its size, morphology, and anatomical relationships with the stylohyoid, stylopharyngeus, and styloglossus muscles, as well as the stylohyoid ligament. The styloid process originates from Reichert's cartilage of the second branchial arch, and elongation is defined as a length exceeding 30 mm. During a routine educational dissection conducted in 2024, the ESPs were identified in two Japanese male cadavers (aged 74 and 80) donated to Health Sciences University of Hokkaido for anatomical education and research. The styloid processes were significantly elongated, measuring 38-48 mm in length. In typical anatomy, the styloglossus muscle originates and courses superior to the stylopharyngeus muscle when viewed from the lateral aspect. However, on the extensive ESP side, the styloglossus muscle was observed to course inferior to the stylopharyngeus. In this case, the origin of styloglossus muscle extended downward, and hence the progressive elongation of the process appeared to have shifted the muscular origin downward, and altered the muscular course. Furthermore, solid structures were palpable within the stylohyoid ligament. Histological examination revealed the presence of bone tissue continuous with cartilage within the ligaments. It is conceivable that during the formation process from Reichert's cartilage to the stylohyoid ligament, cartilage remained as a residual structure that transform into bone in response to external stimuli or age-related changes. The distal end of the ESP was adjacent to the external carotid artery and crossed the facial artery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first cadaveric case report to describe ESP accompanied by altered muscular pathways alongside histopathological findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147502763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of persistent left superior vena cava in the general population: a systematic review with meta-analysis.","authors":"Daniel Gondorf, George Triantafyllou, Ioannis Paschopoulos, Nikolaos-Achilleas Arkoudis, Spyridon Prountzos, Alexandros Samolis, George Tsakotos, Maria Piagkou","doi":"10.1007/s12565-026-00928-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-026-00928-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Persistent left superior vena cava is a congenital variation of the thoracic venous system. Although it is often asymptomatic, its presence can complicate procedures such as central venous access, cardiac device implantation, and cardiothoracic surgery. Reported prevalence data are inconsistent and predominantly derived from populations with underlying cardiac pathology. This study seeks to provide a robust, evidence-based estimate of the prevalence of persistent left superior vena cava in populations not preselected for congenital heart disease. Additionally, it aims to quantify its principal anatomical configurations, including the laterality of the superior vena cava and the presence or absence of a bridging brachiocephalic vein. A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies documenting the prevalence of persistent left superior vena cava in populations not selected on the basis of congenital heart disease criteria were included. Statistical analysis was carried out using random-effects meta-analytic models. Eighteen studies (n = 169,835 individuals) were included. The pooled prevalence of persistent left superior vena cava was 0.61% (95% CI: 0.38-0.89), with substantial heterogeneity across studies. Subgroup analysis demonstrated higher detection rates in cadaveric investigations (2.08%) compared with interventional studies (0.38%), likely reflecting differences in detection sensitivity. Bilateral superior vena cava was observed in 0.32% of the population, whereas isolated persistent left superior vena cava occurred in 0.10%. A bridging brachiocephalic vein was present in approximately 0.11% of the total population. Although uncommon, persistent left superior vena cava is a reproducible component of thoracic venous morphology with embryological significance. Awareness of its anatomical configurations is important in diagnostic and procedural contexts, especially when a dilated coronary sinus is observed during imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147502846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare anomaly of the cervicobrachial plexus: penetration of the anterior scalene muscle tendon by the T1 nerve root.","authors":"Jun Kanazawa, Yukio Aizawa, Eiji Kimura","doi":"10.1007/s12565-026-00927-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-026-00927-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147479484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential immunoreactivity of alpha-smooth muscle actin in the mouse colon.","authors":"Yuto Ishizaki, Michio Onizawa, Naoto Abe, Mai Murakami, Tomoaki Mochimaru, Chiharu Sakuma, Yu Watahiki, Daiki Nemoto, Kazumasa Kawashima, Takefumi Uemura, Katsumi Ishizaki, Hiromasa Ohira","doi":"10.1007/s12565-026-00924-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-026-00924-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147466659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}