Anatomical Science International最新文献

{"title":"Does gender influence learning, perceptions and retention in regional anatomy dissection courses?","authors":"Veronica Antipova, Martin Siwetz, Franz A Fellner, Simone Manhal, Julian F Niedermair, Benjamin Ondruschka, Amélie J Poilliot, Monika Wimmer-Röll, Andreas Wree, Niels Hammer","doi":"10.1007/s12565-025-00834-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-025-00834-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medical educators should understand the differences within the medical student population, including gender. Research on gender effects on learning and skill acquisition has yielded contradictory results, particularly in anatomy learning among undergraduate medical students. While various dissection course settings have been evaluated, gender-specific differences have largely been overlooked. This study examined gender differences in several aspects of anatomy education. First, the ability of undergraduate medical students to identify anatomical structures was assessed to determine gender differences in learning gains. Second, learning outcomes were compared between a 3-month and a 1-month regional anatomy course, with attention to gender. Third, knowledge retention was evaluated at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Finally, student perceptions of different embalming methods for anatomy learning were assessed with a focus on gender. Minor differences were observed between genders across different regions in learning gains. Scores from the 3-month course were higher than those from the 1-month course, regardless of gender, particularly for the neck, thorax, and abdomen. A significant knowledge gain was noted in abdominal anatomy at the 6- and 12-month follow-up: scores improved by 56% in females and by 68% in males. The comparison of Thiel- versus ethanol-based embalming revealed gender differences regarding tissue pliability and the utility of tissues for achieving learning objectives. In conclusion, subtle differences appear to exist between female and male students in terms of perceptions and learning outcomes in gross anatomy dissection courses. These findings will be useful in developing new curricula for undergraduate medical students, taking into account gender differences in the context of regional anatomy dissection courses.</p>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of semicircular canal dehiscence using micro-computed tomography and comparison with cone-beam computed tomography.","authors":"Buket Oguz, Ferhat Geneci, Mert Ocak, Mehmet Fatih Sentürk, Emine Sebnem Kursun Cakmak, Kaan Orhan, Kadir Desdicioglu","doi":"10.1007/s12565-025-00835-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-025-00835-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD), is a rare bony defect that reveals a third window of semicircular canal except oval and round window. Dizziness, acute vertigo attacks, conductive hearing loss, tinnitus and amplified heartbeat sounds are the symptoms of dehiscence. The aim of this article is to analyze the length and location of semicircular canal dehiscence as superior (anterior), inferior (posterior), or lateral (horizontal) canals using micro-CT and compare it with Cone beam CT. A total of 39 dry temporal bones without visible damage were examined both in Micro CT and Cone beam CT. Measurements were made on these cross-sectional images using the CTAn software. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. When examining Micro-CT images, only 4 canals showed dehiscence among 39 bones. The dehicences were observed in both lateral, superior, and posterior semicircular canals. One dehiscence was in the lateral semicircular canal, two were in the superior semicircular canal, and the last one was in the posterior semicircular canal. In CBCT images, dehiscence was observed in a total of 11 canals among the 39 bones. Two dehiscences were in the lateral semicircular canal, three in the posterior semicircular canal, and six in the superior semicircular canal. There was a significant difference between Micro CT and Cone beam CT in terms of dehiscence detection (p < 0,05). Consequently, this study emphasizes the potential danger of an uncertain diagnosis of canal dehiscence with CT in individuals with minor irregularities in Cone beam CT scans, which could result in potentially inappropriate surgical interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A unique origin of the brachioradialis muscle from the triceps brachii.","authors":"George Triantafyllou, Fabrice Duparc, George Tsakotos, Maria Piagkou","doi":"10.1007/s12565-025-00833-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-025-00833-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Presently, a few brachioradialis muscle (BR) variants have been reported, mainly concerning their inserting tendons or the accessory forms (accessory BR muscles). During a routine dissection of a 74-year-old female donated cadaver, a unique muscle variant was observed unilaterally. An aberrant origin of the BR from the lateral head of the triceps brachii was identified on the left arm. The radial nerve (RN) superficial branch coursed posteriorly to the BR before obtaining its superficial position. On the right arm, the BR was typical. So far, some of the BR variants in its origins have been reported, such as arising from the muscular belly of the brachialis or the insertion of the deltoid muscle. Thus, the present variant could be a worth noting rare case. Furthermore, the posterior position of the RN superficial branch could have potential clinical significance and may cause entrapment neuropathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Common trunk branching from the renal artery to the diaphragm, adrenal gland, and testis: a case report with embryological hypotheses by observation.","authors":"Yoko Ueda, Wataru Nemoto, Rio Hosoda, Hayato Terayama, Kenta Nagahori, Daisuke Kiyoshima, Zhe-Wu Jin, Takashi Okazaki, Masahito Yamamoto, Kaori Suyama, Shogo Hayashi","doi":"10.1007/s12565-025-00829-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-025-00829-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The vascular systems of the kidneys and gonads are highly susceptible to variations because of the degeneration of the mesonephros and mesonephric artery and the progressive ascending development of the metanephros. In this report, we present a rare case of a common arterial trunk originating from the left renal artery and supplying the left diaphragm, adrenal gland, and testis. Anatomical dissection of a 95-year-old male was conducted during the 2023 academic year at Tokai University Medical School. The left renal artery had a common trunk that bifurcated to superior and inferior branches, forming a T-shape. The superior branch was distributed in the left adrenal gland and diaphragm, whereas the inferior branch was distributed in the left testis. This anatomical variation likely results from the remnant of the mesonephric artery network structure, particularly the rete arteriosum urogenitale. Understanding such variations is crucial for radiologists and surgeons to avoid potential complications during diagnostic procedures and surgical interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological characterization of the inferior vena cava in cases of duplicated inferior vena cava.","authors":"Shintaro Fujimura, Takuya Omotehara, Shiori Yoshimura, Shinichi Kawata, Masahiro Itoh","doi":"10.1007/s12565-025-00830-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-025-00830-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Duplicated inferior vena cava (DIVC) is a congenital anomaly where the inferior vena cava (IVC) is present on either side of the abdominal aorta. Previous studies have noted smaller IVC widths in DIVC cases, but detailed structural characteristics remain unclear. This study aimed to characterize the histological structure of the IVC in DIVC and normal cases. Histological analysis was performed on the IVC just below the liver (IVC-Liver), the IVC at the 4th lumbar vertebra level (IVC-L4), and the external iliac vein (EIV) from donated cadavers. The tissues underwent HE staining and immunohistochemistry to detect elastin and alpha smooth muscle actin, with the cross-sectional area of vessel lumina and immunopositive area calculated. The study found that the combined cross-sectional areas of the right and left IVC-L4 in DIVC cases were smaller than the single IVC-L4 area in normal cases. Histologically, DIVC cases showed a significantly decreased ratio of elastin immunopositive areas, compared to normal cases. This reduction in cross-sectional areas and elastin ratio suggests that IVCs in DIVC cases hold less blood volume and have weaker contractility by elastic fibers after dilation, potentially leading to disrupted blood circulation in the lower body.</p>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal target localization for botulinum toxin A in treating splenius muscles dystonia based on the distribution of intramuscular nerves and spindles.","authors":"Xiaojiao He, Sifeng Wen, Xuan Liu, Yutong Li, Shengbo Yang","doi":"10.1007/s12565-025-00831-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-025-00831-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Botulinum toxin A injection is commonly used to treat splenius muscle dystonia; however, the optimal injection site within the muscle remains unidentified. This study identified the optimal target for botulinum toxin A based on the distribution of intramuscular nerves and spindles in the splenius muscles. This study included 24 adult individuals. The curve connecting the external occipital protuberance and the third thoracic spinous process was the longitudinal reference line (line L). The curve connecting the external occipital protuberance and the mastoid process was the horizontal reference line (line H). Modified Sihler's staining showed an intramuscular nerve-dense region in the splenius muscles. Muscle spindle abundance was calculated after hematoxylin and eosin staining. The center of the region of the highest muscle spindle abundance was localized using computed tomography. The projection points (P and P') of the center of the region of the highest muscle spindle abundance behind and in front of the neck, position of P (P_L and P_H) projected onto the L and H lines, and depth of the center of the region of the highest muscle spindle abundance were determined under the Syngo system. P_L, P_H, and depth of the center of the region of highest muscle spindle abundance of splenius capitis and splenius cervicis muscles were 17.33% and 40.59% of the L line, 42.42% and 60.44% of the H line, and 26.30% and 32.60% of the PP' line, respectively. These results will provide morphological guidance for improved efficiency and efficacy of target localization for botulinum toxin A treatment for splenius muscle dystonia.</p>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological evaluation of completeness of Circle of Willis.","authors":"Anubha Saha, Alipta Bhattacharya, Agrima Mullick","doi":"10.1007/s12565-025-00832-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-025-00832-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cerebral vascular supply has always stirred interest among researchers since ischemic stroke in 30% cases can be managed by early intervention and reperfusion of brain tissue. Variations of collateral arterial circle at the base of brainor Circle of Willis are not uncommon which can be dated back to embryological causes. The aim of the study is to update the variations and to propose a clinically applicable simple classification for completeness of Circle of Willis. The present study was done on 65 formalin fixed adult human brains of both genders. Each component of the circle was observed carefully and the external diameters were measured. Accordingly, the vessels were defined into different categories as classical, narrow and hypoplastic as per their diameter. Absence of any segment was taken into account. Consequently, the circles were classified into Type I, II, III and IV as per presumed functional competence. 30.8% of the circles were found to be complete. In anterior segment fused cerebral artery and aplastic communicating artery were the commonest variations. In the posterior segment, narrow cerebral artery and fetal type of communicating artery were encountered most frequently. Hypoplasia and aplasia were more on the right posterior segment of the circle. P value for means of right and left side variations was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Fetal PCoA was the most common variation noted. Incidence of hypoplasia was more common in cerebral arteries as opposed to aplasia, which was more common in communicating arteries. Type II was the most common variant. Left posterior quadrant had the highest incidence of incompleteness.</p>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foramen ovale morphology and relationship with the lateral pterygoid process plate: proposal for a new classification system","authors":"George Triantafyllou,&nbsp;Panagiotis Papadopoulos-Manolarakis,&nbsp;Sabino Luzzi,&nbsp;Łukasz Olewnik,&nbsp;George Tsakotos,&nbsp;Nicol Zielinska,&nbsp;Renato Galzio,&nbsp;Rǎzvan Costin Tudose,&nbsp;Mugurel Constantin Rusu,&nbsp;Maria Piagkou","doi":"10.1007/s12565-025-00826-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12565-025-00826-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Surgeons frequently approach the foramen ovale (FO) via the infratemporal fossa (ITF) to treat trigeminal neuralgia. However, this percutaneous procedure could be unsuccessful due to anatomical factors. The present study aimed to assess the FO morphology and its relationship with the lateral pterygoid process plate (LPPP), emphasizing coexisting ITF variants. One-hundred-and-eight (216 sides) adult dried skulls were evaluated at the ITF (FO and LPPP). The FO maximum anteroposterior and lateromedial distances (APD and LMD) were calculated and correlated with the FO morphology. The FO-LPPP relationship was observed, and the presence of a sphenoidal emissary foramen (SEF) and possible ossified sphenoid bone’s ligaments variants (pterygoalar and pterygospinous—PTA and PTS variable ossification) were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS statistical program. The FO morphology was classified into three types after taking into consideration the FO morphometry. Type 1 FO was considered when the APD was two times more than the LMD (45.83%), Type 2 FO was identified when the APD was more than the LMD but no more than two times (51.85%), and Type 3 FO was considered when the APD and LMD were equal (2.32%). The FO and LPPP relationships were classified into the following four types: the direct type when the LPPP base ended at the FO center (32.3%), the lateral type was observed when the LPPP base ended at the FO lateral margin (28.76%), the far type was considered when the LPPP base ended distally to the FO (22.57%), and the medial type was when the LPPP base ended at the FO medial margin (11.95% of cases). Concerning the impact of the sphenoid bone variants on the FO-LPPP, the SEF did not alter the FO-LPPP relationship, while the PTA or PTS bar presence significantly affected it (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 and <i>p</i> = 0.007, respectively). When the sphenoid bone ossified bars were present, the most common type of FO was the medial one. A novel classification system was proposed for the FO morphology, assessing possible coexisting ITF variants that could alter the FO-LPPP relationship. Knowledge of these details would help clinicians perform percutaneous procedures to treat trigeminal neuralgia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":"100 3","pages":"354 - 365"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12565-025-00826-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ophthalmic artery branches and adjacent nerves observed on sectioned images of cadaver.","authors":"So Hyeon Lee, Jong Woo Won, Beom Sun Chung","doi":"10.1007/s12565-025-00828-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-025-00828-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ophthalmic artery plays a vital role in supplying the eyeball and neighboring structures, and is associated with various clinical conditions. In this study, high-resolution cadaver-sectioned images were used to provide an intricate morphology of the ophthalmic artery and its branches, along with the oculomotor, trochlear, ophthalmic, and abducens nerves. This study presents a combination of schematics and cadaver-sectioned images, allowing for a clear representation of intricate anatomic structures. This study elucidated the spatial relationships among the ophthalmic artery, cranial nerves, and adjacent anatomic features. The branches of the ophthalmic artery were classified into three categories. The complex anatomy of the ophthalmic artery and adjacent nerves was examined on cadaver-sectioned images and is schematically illustrated. The utilization of cadaver-sectioned images presents advantages over traditional dissection techniques. This approach maintains the original positioning of the ophthalmic artery and nerves, enhancing accuracy. This study enriches the comprehension of ophthalmic anatomy, offers a helpful resource for interpreting clinical images, and facilitates various medical procedures. As a result, we anticipate that our research will contribute to advancing the diagnosis and management of eye disorders, offering fresh perspectives on the relationship between the ophthalmic artery and the surrounding structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absent stapedius muscle and its tendon concomitant with otosclerosis: a case report on embryology, imaging, and treatment.","authors":"Marta Mękarska, Tomasz Wojciechowski, Kazimierz Niemczyk, Robert Bartoszewicz","doi":"10.1007/s12565-025-00827-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-025-00827-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to discuss the clinical implications associated with the absence of the stapedius muscle and concomitant otosclerosis. The causes of mixed hearing loss are presented based on its embryonic development, audiological tests, and high-resolution computed tomography (CT) imaging. This case describes a 35-year-old female patient diagnosed due to bilateral conductive hearing loss. The patient complained of a significant deterioration of hearing and speech understanding lasting for several months. Preoperative audiometric work-up revealed air-bone gap with the presence of Carhart's notch characteristic for otosclerosis. In CT scans otospongiotic focus was confirmed and the absence of stapedius muscle, its tendon, and pyramidal eminence was discovered. The patient underwent stapedotomy with good hearing result after healing. Understanding the stapedius muscle's development process is essential to comprehend the reason for its failure - the absence of the stapedius muscle results in exposure to acoustic trauma. Patients may experience hypersensitivity to sound, although it was not discovered in the described patient. High-resolution CT is a handy tool for analyzing congenital malformations of the middle ear. The absence of the stapedius muscle may also be indicated by other anatomical variations of the middle ear detected with high-resolution computed tomography images. The absence of the stapedius muscle may coexist with otosclerosis. Detailed in-depth analysis of high-resolution computed tomography images is the only tool to assess for stapes muscle defects without surgical intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":7816,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Science International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}