Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie最新文献_第7页

Viscosity behaviour of multivalent metal ion‐containing carboxymethyl cellulose solutions 含多价金属离子的羧甲基纤维素溶液的粘度行为

Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie Pub Date : 1994-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/APMC.1994.052200111

T. Heinze, U. Heinze, D. Klemm

{"title":"Viscosity behaviour of multivalent metal ion‐containing carboxymethyl cellulose solutions","authors":"T. Heinze, U. Heinze, D. Klemm","doi":"10.1002/APMC.1994.052200111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/APMC.1994.052200111","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of Ca2+-and Al3+-ions, respectively, upon the viscosity behaviour (so-called salt tolerance) of aqueous solutions of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with different degree of polymerization (DP) and, on the other hand, with both different degree of substitution (DS) and distribution of substituents, was investigated. Viscosimetry by means of a rotational rheometer at a shear rate of 500 s-1 shows that the relative drop in viscosity as a result of addition of the multivalent metal cations is independent of DP (ranging from 160 to 900) of the CMC samples. Homogeneously synthesized CMCs (2) with a higher content of 2,3,6-tri-O-carboxymethyl glucose units in the polymer chain possess a significantly higher salt tolerance than those (1) prepared under heterogeneous reaction conditions at comparable total DS values. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Der Einflus von Ca2+-bzw. Al3+-Ionen auf das Viskositatsverhalten (Salzvertraglichkeit) wasriger Losungen von Natriumcarboxymethylcellulose (CMC) sowohl mit unterschiedlichem Polymerisationsgrad (DP) als auch mit unterschiedlichem Substitutionsgrad (DS) und verschiedenartiger Substitutentenverteilung wurde untersucht. Aus Viskositatsmessungen mit einem Rotationsviskosimeter bei einer Scherrate von 500 s-1 geht hervor, das die relative Abnahme der Viskositat im Ergebnis des Zusatzes der mehrwertigen Metallkationen unabhangig vom DP (im Bereich von 160 bis 900) der CMC ist. Homogen hergestellte CMC-Proben 2 mit einem groseren Gehalt an 2,3,6-Tri-O-carboxymethylglucose-Einheiten in der Polymerkette weisen im Vergleich zu heterogen hergestellten CMCs 1 bei gleichem Gesamt-DS eine hohere Salzvertraglichkeit auf.","PeriodicalId":7808,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie","volume":"40 1","pages":"123-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85043896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Zum reaktionsverhalten von resol‐ und novolak‐modellen mit säureanhydriden 通讯reaktionsverhalten resol‐和novolak‐模型与säureanhydriden

Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie Pub Date : 1994-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/APMC.1994.052200114

D. Böschel, M. Fedtke

引用次数: 1

MgCl2·6H2O‐based titanium catalyst for propylene polymerization: Effect of polymerization parameters MgCl2·6H2O基钛催化剂丙烯聚合:聚合参数的影响

Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie Pub Date : 1994-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/APMC.1994.052200104

Virendrakumar Gupta, S. Satish, I. S. Bhardwaj

{"title":"MgCl2·6H2O‐based titanium catalyst for propylene polymerization: Effect of polymerization parameters","authors":"Virendrakumar Gupta, S. Satish, I. S. Bhardwaj","doi":"10.1002/APMC.1994.052200104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/APMC.1994.052200104","url":null,"abstract":"A supported titanium catalyst was prepared by using MgCl2·6H2O as a precursor for generating an active support. The performance of such catalyst was evaluated for propylene polymerization in conjunction with triethylaluminium as cocatalyst and dimethoxydiphenylsilane as an external Lewis base. The efficiency of the catalyst system is dependent on the polymerization parameters such as time, temperature and monomer pressure. The variation in the concentration of hydrogen used as a chain transfer agent alters the performance of the catalyst system and molecular weight characteristics of polypropylene. The morphology of polymer particles is of globular type and is not affected by the variation in the melt flow characteristics of the polymer. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Ausgehend von MgCl2·6H2O als Vorstufe wurde ein titanhaltiger Tragerkatalysator hergestellt. Zusammen mit Triethylaluminium als Cokatalysator und Dimethoxydiphenylsilan als externer Lewis-Saure wurde das Verhalten dieses Ktalysators bei der Polymerisation von Propylen untersucht. Die Effektivitat des Ktalysatorsystems hangt von den Polymerisationsparametern Zeit, Temperatur und Monomerdruck ab. Eine Variation der Konzentration von als Kettenubertrager verwendetem Wasserstoff bewirkt eine Anderung der Katalysatoreigenschaften und der Molekulargewichtscharakteristik des Polypropylens. Die Polymerpartikel weisen eine globulare Morphologie auf, die nicht von Anderungen der Schmelzfluseigenschaften beeinflust wird.","PeriodicalId":7808,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie","volume":"13 1","pages":"39-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74629545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Metal ion binding properties of synthetic vinyl resins 合成乙烯基树脂的金属离子结合性能

Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie Pub Date : 1994-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/APMC.1994.052200106

B. Rivas, H. Maturana, E. Pereira

{"title":"Metal ion binding properties of synthetic vinyl resins","authors":"B. Rivas, H. Maturana, E. Pereira","doi":"10.1002/APMC.1994.052200106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/APMC.1994.052200106","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis of a water-insoluble chelating resin was carried out by radical copolymerization of 4-vinylpyridine and N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide with subsequent crosslinking. Both the crosslinked reference homopolymers of 4-vinylpyridine and N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide were also synthesized. The resins were characterized by elemental analyses and FT-IR spectroscopy. The ability of these resins to bind copper(II), iron(II), iron(III) and uranyl ions as well as the elution of the metal ions from the loaded resins were studied. For uranyl ions, pH 1 was the optimum sorption pH value for all the resins. Sorption selectivity from the binary mixture Cu(II) + U(VI) was studied at the optimum sorption pH value. Finally, the uranium(VI) sorption isotherms, binding constants, and ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° corresponding to the uranium(VI) sorption process were calculated. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Ein wasserunlosliches chelatisierendes Polymerharz wurde durch radikalische Copolymerisation von 4-Vinylpyridin und N-Hydroxymethylacrylamid und anschliesende Vernetzung hergestellt. Die beiden ebenfalls vernetzten Homopolymeren von 4-Vinylpyridin bzw. N-Hydroxymethylacrylamid wurden ebenfalls synthetisiert. Die Polymeren wurden mittels Elementaranalyse und FT-IR Spektroskopie charakterisiert. Die Adsorptionseigenschaften dieser Harze fur Cu(II)-, Fe(II)-, Fe(III)- und U(VI)-Ionen und die Elution dieser Metallionen von den beladenen Harzen wurde untersucht. Der optimale pH-Wert fur die Aufnahme von Uranylionen liegt bei 1. Bei diesem pH-Wert wurde die Selektivitat der Harze fur die Aufnahme der Ionen aus der binaren Mischung Cu(II)/U(VI) untersucht. Fur die Sorption von Uranylionen wurden die Adsorptionsisothermen, die Bindungskonstanten sowie ΔG°-, ΔH°- und ΔS°-Werte bestimmt.","PeriodicalId":7808,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie","volume":"46 1","pages":"61-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79694056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

Polyurethane elastomers based on polymer polyols 基于聚合多元醇的聚氨酯弹性体

Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie Pub Date : 1994-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/APMC.1994.052200115

E. Mitzner, H. Goering, R. Becker

引用次数: 12

Herstellung und eigenschaften von cellulosebenzoat 苯丙胺类药物的制造和属性

Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie Pub Date : 1994-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/APMC.1994.052200117

D. Braun, K. H. Bahlig

{"title":"Herstellung und eigenschaften von cellulosebenzoat","authors":"D. Braun, K. H. Bahlig","doi":"10.1002/APMC.1994.052200117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/APMC.1994.052200117","url":null,"abstract":"Cellulosebenzoate mit Substitutionsgraden von 2,8–2,9 wurden in einer einstufigen Reaktion durch Umsetzung von Cellulose mit Benzoylchlorid in Gegenwart von Pyridin als Base hergestellt. Die Molekulargewichte der Cellulosebenzoate lagen zwischen 140000 und 100000; die mittels DSC gemessene Glastemperatur Tg betrug 155°C, die Schmelztemperatur TS 274°C. Die Ester sind gut loslich in organischen Losungsmitteln wie N,N-Dimethylformamid, Chloroform und Dichlormethan und besitzen ferner eine gute thermische Bestandigkeit bis ca. 250°C. Filme und nacharbeitbare Preslinge aus Cellulosebenzoat lassen sich aufgrund der hohen Sprodigkeit nur durch Zumischen eines Weichmachers (Diethylphthalat) herstellen. Dabei bleibt das hart-sprode Verhalten, wie Zug-Dehnungs-Versuche und Schlagzahigkeitsmessungen zeigten, bis zu einem Weichmacheranteil von 20 Gew.-% bestehen. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Cellulose benzoates with degrees of substitution between 2.8 and 2.9 were synthesized in a one-step reaction of cellulose with benzoyl chloride in presence of pyridine as base. Their molecular weights were in the range 140000–100000; the glass transition temperature and the melting temperature were 155 and 274°C, respectively. The esters are readily soluble in organic solvents such as N,N-dimethyl formamide, chloroform and dichloromethane and show good thermal resistance up to 250°C. Because of the brittle character of cellulose benzoate, plasticizer (diethyl phthalate) must be added for the fabrication of films and workable, moulded parts. As shown by stress-strain and impact measurements, the hard and brittle character is retained for plasticizer contents up to 20 wt.-%.","PeriodicalId":7808,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie","volume":"17 1","pages":"199-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86000704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Study of some flocculating processes with cationic polyelectrolytes 阳离子聚电解质絮凝工艺研究

Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie Pub Date : 1994-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/APMC.1994.052200102

T. Lupascu, I. Dranca, M. Sandu, S. Dra̧gan, L. Ghimici

{"title":"Study of some flocculating processes with cationic polyelectrolytes","authors":"T. Lupascu, I. Dranca, M. Sandu, S. Dra̧gan, L. Ghimici","doi":"10.1002/APMC.1994.052200102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/APMC.1994.052200102","url":null,"abstract":"The flocculating efficiency of two cationic polyelectrolytes with quaternary ammonium salt groups in the main chain, with different branching degrees, on a bentonitic clay suspension, in comparison with polyacrylamide (PAM) was followed. The cationic polymer with a smaller branching degree operated similar to PAM. In both cases a purification of 100% was achieved. When the cationic polymer with a higher branching degree was used, a stabilization effect on the suspension was observed. The flocculating activity of the mixtures of the cationic polymer and polyacrylamide was also studied. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Die Flockenbildungswirksamkeit von zwei kationischen Polyelektrolyten mit quaternaren Ammoniumsalzen in der Kette und verschiedene Verzweigungsgraden wurde an einer Bentonit-Suspension untersucht und mit der von Polyacrylamid verglichen. Das kationische Polymere mit einem kleineren Verzweigungsgrad wirkt ahnlich wie Polyacrylamid und fuhrt zu einer Entfernung von 100% der Suspensionspartikel. Im Fall des kationischen Polymeren mit einem hoheren Verzweigungsgrad wird eine Erhohung der Stabilitat der Suspension bei sehr kleinen Konzentrationen (>0,2 mg/L) beobachtet. In gleicher Weise wurde die Flockenbildungswirksamkeit fur kationische Polymer/Polyacrylamid-Mischungen studiert.","PeriodicalId":7808,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie","volume":"69 1","pages":"11-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88455191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Hydrolytic stability and mechanical properties of poly(ester urethanes) 聚酯聚氨酯的水解稳定性和力学性能

Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie Pub Date : 1994-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/APMC.1994.052200105

A. Pegoretti, J. Kolar̆ík, A. Penati

{"title":"Hydrolytic stability and mechanical properties of poly(ester urethanes)","authors":"A. Pegoretti, J. Kolar̆ík, A. Penati","doi":"10.1002/APMC.1994.052200105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/APMC.1994.052200105","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of hydrolysis time at 70°C on molar mass and mechanical properties of commercial poly(ester urethanes), i.e., Estanes 54600, 54610, and 54650, was analyzed. Kinetics of hydrolysis is plausibly described in terms of a first-order reaction with an average induction period of about 7 days. The resulting reduction of molar mass brought about a significant decrease in ultimate properties, particularly in stress at break and tensile energy to break, while elastic properties were affected much less. A quantitative correlation between relative changes in tensile strength and molar mass was attempted. Hydrolysis resistance of Estanes decreasing in the succession 54650 > 54600 > 54610 was related to their chemical composition. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Der Einflus der Hydrolysedauer bei 70°C auf die Molmasse und die mechanischen Eigenschaften handelsublicher Polyesterurethane (Estane 54600, 54610 und 54650) wurde untersucht. Die Kinetik der Hydrolyse last sich als Reaktion erster Ordnung mit einer mittleren Induktionsperiode von etwa 7 Tagen beschreiben. Die resultierende Molmassenabnahme verursacht eine signifikante Verschlechterung der Eigenschaften, insbesondere der Bruchdehnung und der Zugarbeit bis zum Bruch, wahrend die elastischen Eigenschaften weit weniger beeintrachtigt wurden. Eine quantitative Beziehung zwischen der relativen Anderung der Zugfestigkeit und der Molmasse wird vorgeschlagen. Die in der Reihenfolge 54650 > 54600 > 54610 abnehmende Hydrolysebestandigkeit der Estane last sich mit Unterschieden in deren chemischer Zusammensetzung erklaren.","PeriodicalId":7808,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie","volume":"35 1","pages":"49-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82668535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Synthesis and biological activity of chlorine-containing polyketones 含氯聚酮的合成及其生物活性研究

Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie Pub Date : 1994-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/APMC.1994.052200101

J. Patel, R. Patel, R. Ray, Rajni M. Patel

{"title":"Synthesis and biological activity of chlorine-containing polyketones","authors":"J. Patel, R. Patel, R. Ray, Rajni M. Patel","doi":"10.1002/APMC.1994.052200101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/APMC.1994.052200101","url":null,"abstract":"Chlorine-containing polyketones of low molecular weight were synthesized from anisole, chloroacetyl chloride and dichloroalkanes, i. e. dichloromethane and 1,2-dichloroethane, by the Friedel-Crafts reaction using carbon disulfide as solvent. The resins were characterized by IR spectra and vapour pressure osmometry. The thermal properties were studied by thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. The characteristics of the decomposition reactions were evaluated by the Broido and Doyle methods. All the resins were tested for their microbial activity against bacteria, fungi and yeast. The results show that most of the resin can be used as biocides. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Chlorhaltige Polyketone mit niedrigem Molekulargewicht wurden nach Friedel-Crafts aus Anisol, Chloracetylchlorid and Dichloralkanen (Dichlormethan, 1,2-Dichlorethan) in Kohlenstoffdisulfid hergestellt. Die Harze wurden mittels IR-Spektroskopie und Dampfdruckosmometrie charakterisiert. Das thermische Verhalten wurde thermogravimetrisch und differentialkalorimetrisch untersucht. Die Zersetzungscharakteristik wurde nach Broido und Doyle ermittelt. Die Prufung der mikrobiellen Aktivitat der Harze gegenuber Bakterien, Pilzen und Hefen ergab, das sich die meisten Harze als Biozide verwenden lassen.","PeriodicalId":7808,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82672597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Surface modification of polypropylene by chromylchloride 氯化铬对聚丙烯表面改性的研究

Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie Pub Date : 1994-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/APMC.1994.052200116

I. Novák, V. Pollák

{"title":"Surface modification of polypropylene by chromylchloride","authors":"I. Novák, V. Pollák","doi":"10.1002/APMC.1994.052200116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/APMC.1994.052200116","url":null,"abstract":"The changes of the adhesion properties of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) modified by chromylchloride (CrCl) have been studied. The free surface energy (FSE) of the iPP increases with the time of the modification and reaches a constant value after the time which strongly depends on the temperature of the modification. A similar trend has been observed for the dependences of the FSE vs. concentration of carbonyl groups. The molecular weight of the modified iPP decreases with the temperature of modification. The decrease of the FSE with time is negligible. It was found that after modification of iPP with CrCl the increase of mechanical work of adhesion was higher by 36% than that with chromosulfuric acid. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Die Anderungen der Adhasionseigenschaften von mit Chromylchlorid modifiziertem isotaktischem Polypropylen (iPP) wurden untersucht. Die freie Oberflachenenergie (FSE) des isotaktischen Polypropylens nimmt mit der Reaktionszeit zu und hangt stark von der Modifikationstemperatur ab. Gleiches gilt fur die Abhangigkeit der FSE von der Konzentration der Carbonylgruppen. Das Molekulargewicht des modifizierten iPP sinkt mit steigender Temperatur der Modifikation. Die Abnahme der FSE mit der Zeit ist gering. Nach der Modifizierung des iPP mit CrCl war der Zuwachs der mechanischen Adhasionsarbeit um 36% hoher als nach der Modifikation mit Chromschwefelsaure.","PeriodicalId":7808,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie","volume":"48 1","pages":"189-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79282299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12