Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie最新文献

{"title":"Dependence of soiling and soil release of easy care cotton on factors‐controlling the finishing treatment","authors":"N. Ibrahim, A. Hebeish","doi":"10.1002/APMC.1985.051300109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/APMC.1985.051300109","url":null,"abstract":"The conventional pad-dry-cure method was used for effecting crosslinking of cotton with N-methylol finishing agents under different conditions. Factors studied include nature and concentration of finishing agent and softener, type and concentration of catalyst, and curing temperatures. Variation of soiling and soil release characteristics of crosslinked cotton with these factors were investigated. The effect of finishing agent on aqueous soiling followed the order: \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Carbamate reactant-fabric > Dimethylolethylene urea-fabric > Dimethyloldihydroxyethylene urea-fabric > Untreated fabric > Modified triazinone-fabric ≥ Modified ethylene urea-fabric. On the other hand, the effect of these finishing agents was to enhance the susceptibility of the fabric to oily soiling. Nevertheless, nature of the finishing agent governed the magnitude of this enhancement. Aqueous and oily soil release depended also upon the nature of finishing agent, soiling increased and soil release decreased by increasing finishing agent concentration. Type of catalyst exerted a considerable influence on aqueous and oily soil release without significantly affecting the degree of soiling. For aqueous soil release, the following order was found: Al2(SO4)3 · 18H2O > MgCl2 · 6H2O > urea nitrate > ZnCl2 · 6H2O > Zn(NO3)2 · 6H2O > urea phosphate > urea oxalate > NH4 · H2PO4 ≥ NH4Cl. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000A reverse order held good for oily soil release. Both aqueous and oily soil release were impaired by increasing catalyst concentration. Similarly, nature and concentration of the softener had no striking effect on soiling while they did on soil release. Raising the curing temperature from 80 to 140°C caused substantial reduction in case of soil removal of urea salts catalyzed-crosslinked cotton samples while having the degree of soiling practically intact. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Baumwolle wurde mit N-Methylol-finishing-Agens bei unterschiedlichen Bedingungen vernetzt. Die untersuchten Faktoren berucksichtigten die Natur und Konzentration des finishing-Agens und des Weichmachers, die Art und Konzentration des Katalysators und die Hartungstemperatur. Die aderung der Abhangigkeit von den Verschmutzungs- und Schmutzlosungseigenschaften von vernetzter Baumwolle von diesen Faktoren wurde untersucht. Der Einflus des finishing-Agens gegenuber wassriger Verschmutzung folgte der Reihe: \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Carbamatmodifiziertes Gewebe > Dimethylolethylenharnstoff-Gewebe > Dimethyloldihydroxyethylenharnstoff-Gewebe > unbehandeltes Gewebe > modifiziertes Triazinon-Gewebe ≥ modifiziertes Ethylenharnstoff-Gewebe. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Der Einflus dieser finishing-Agentien sollte andererseits die Empfindlichkeit des Gewebes gegen olige Verschmutzung erhohen. Diese Wirkung hangt von der Natur des finishing-Agens ab. Die wassrige und olige Schmutzablosung hangt ebenso von der Natur des finishing-Agens ab, wobei die Verschmutzung mit ansteigender Konzentration des Modifizierungsmittels zu — und die Schmutzablosung abnimmt. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Die Art des Katalysators ubt ","PeriodicalId":7808,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75671837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A microhardness test for monitoring the thermal stabilization of solid PVC","authors":"A. González, J. M. Pastor, J. Saja, A. Pérez","doi":"10.1002/APMC.1985.051300117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/APMC.1985.051300117","url":null,"abstract":"The Vickers microhardness test has been found to be a new and attractive analytical tool for the study of the thermal degradation of rigid poly(vinyl chloride) sheets stabilized with different ratios of calcium/zinc carboxylates. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Die Vickers-Mikroharteprufung wurde als eine neue und vielversprechende analytische Methode zum Studium des thermischen Abbaus von Hart-PVC-Platten eingesetzt, die mit verschiedenen Anteilen an Calcium/Zink-Carboxylaten stabilisiert worden waren.","PeriodicalId":7808,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79250941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation induced copolymerization of hydroxyalkyl methacrylate — vinyl acetate networks. Physico‐mechanical properties","authors":"M. Ramakrishna, D. D. Deshpande, G. N. Babu","doi":"10.1002/APMC.1985.051300114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/APMC.1985.051300114","url":null,"abstract":"Radiation induced copolymerization of hydrogel networks based on hydroxyalkyl methacrylates, vinyl acetate, and dimethacrylates was reported. The equilibrium water content of copolymers was compared for the uncrosslinked, and crosslinked materials. The effect of composition of comonomer, nature, and concentration of crosslinker on the mechanical properties of HEMA-co-VAc and HPMA-co-VAc was discussed. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Die strahlungsinduzierte Copolymerisation von Hydrogel-Netzwerken auf der Basis von Hydroxyalkylmethacrylaten, Vinylacetat und Dimethacrylaten wurde untersucht. Die Gleichgewichtsfeuchte der Copolymeren aus unvernetzten und vernetzten Materialien wurde verglichen. Der Einflus der Comonomerzusammensetzung sowie der Art und der Konzentration des Vernetzers auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften von HEMA-co-VAc and HPMA-co-VAc wurde diskutiert.","PeriodicalId":7808,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84724722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Charakterisierung von styrol‐acrylnitril‐copolymeren durch ausschlußchromatographie und turbidimetrische titration der dabei erhaltenen fraktionen. II. Untersuchung einer probe mit breiter chemischer verteilung","authors":"G. Glöckner, V. Albrecht, F. Francuskiewicz, D. Ilchmann","doi":"10.1002/APMC.1985.051300103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/APMC.1985.051300103","url":null,"abstract":"Eine Probe eines Styrol-Acrylnitril-Copolymeren mit etwa 40 mol-% Acrylnitril wurde mit Hilfe der Trubungstitration (TT), der Ausschluschromatographie (SEC), der TT von SEC-Fraktionen und der Hochdruck-Fallungschromatographie (HPPLC) der SEC-Fraktionen untersucht. Wahrend die TT und die SEC fur das unfraktionierte Copolymere zwar breite, aber scheinbar homogene Verteilungen nach der Molmasse und der Zusammensetzung lieferten, offenbarten Kreuzuntersuchungen (TT von SEC-Fraktionen/HPPLC) das Vorliegen von drei ziemlich unterschiedlichen Komponenten. Dieses Ergebnis wurde zuerst durch die TT der SEC-Fraktionen mit n-Hexan als Fallungsmittel gefunden. Nachfolgend wurde es mit der HPPLC unter Verwendung eines Elutionsgradienten mit n-Hexan und Tetrahydrofuran als Komponenten bestatigt. In einem topographischen Bild wurde die Zusammensetzung der untersuchten Copolymerprobe dargestellt. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000A sample of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) with about 40% (mol/mol) acrylonitrile was analysed by means of turbidimetric titration (TT), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), TT of SEC-fractions, and high performance precipitation chromatography (HPPLC) of SEC-fractions. While TT and SEC of the crude copolymer only showed broad but apparently homogeneous distributions in size and composition, cross-analyses (TT of SEC-fractions/HPPLC) revealed the presence of three rather different components. This result was found by the of SEC-fractions with n-hexane as a precipitant and only subsequently established by HPPLC using gradient elution with n-hexane and tetrahydrofuran as components. A topographic composition map of the copolymer sample under investigation is given.","PeriodicalId":7808,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91374466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herstellung und Eigenschaften von Pfropfcopolymerisaten des Vinylacetats auf ataktischem Polypropylen","authors":"Jürgen Schellenberg, B. Hamann, J. Runge","doi":"10.1002/APMC.1985.051300108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/APMC.1985.051300108","url":null,"abstract":"Die Verwendbarkeit von ataktischem Polypropylen als Pfropfgrundlage fur die Pfropfcopolymerisation mit Vinylacetat wird untersucht. Die erhaltenen Pfropfprodukte werden hinsichtlich ihres Quellverhaltens und bezuglich ihrer Glasumwandlungstemperaturen und Pfropfparameter bei unterschiedlichen Pfropfproduktzusammensetzungen charakterisiert. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Nach Abmischung der Pfropfprodukte mit Polyvinylchlorid werden einige mechanische Eigenschaften sowohl in Abhangigkeit von der Menge des enthaltenen Pfropfproduktes als auch von der Zusammensetzung der Pfropfcopolymerisate dargestellt. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The applicability of atactic polypropylene is investigated in the graft polymerization with vinyl acetate. The obtained graft products with different compositions are characterized with reference to swell behaviour, glass transition temperature and graft parameters. After compounding of the graft products with polyvinylchloride the mechanical properties are represented in relation to the quantity and composition of the incorporated graft products.","PeriodicalId":7808,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74522499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graft copolymerization of perfluoroheptyl methacrylate/glycidyl methacrylate mixtures with cotton fabric using Fe2+‐thioureadioxide‐H2O2 redox system","authors":"E. El-Alfy, A. Waly, A. Hebeish","doi":"10.1002/APMC.1985.051300111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/APMC.1985.051300111","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of Fe2+-thioureadioxide-H2O2 redox system to induce polymerization of perfluoroheptyl methacrylate (PFHMA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) individually as well as in binary mixtures was investigated under different conditions. Results obtained indicated that (a) PFHMA monomer could substantially be polymerized with cotton cellulose only in presence of GMA, (b) maximum contribution of PFHMA in the polymer add-on occurred upon using PFHMA mixture at a ratio of 50:50 at 80°C, (c) presence of PFHMA along with GMA offsets the fast termination rate of the latter as temperature increased from 60° to 90°C, (d) GMA activated PFHMA while the latter adversely affected GMA, (e) none of the PFHMA/GMA mixtures at ratios 2:8, 5:5, 8:2 showed synergetic effects, (f) H2O2 concentration of 0.01% and thioureadioxide concentration of 0.04% constituted the optimal concentrations for polymerization of PFHMA/GMA at a ratio of 5:5, and (g) the polymerization reaction proceeded initially very fast, then levelled off. (h) The water/oil repellency of the copolymerized cotton samples relied on the percent of PFHMA in total percent polymer add-on; these properties attained maximum at 4.25% PFHMA in a total polymer add-on of 22.5%. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Das Redox-System aus Fe2+, Thioharnstoffdioxid und H2O2 erwies sich als brauchbar, die Pfropfcopolymerisation von Perfluorheptyl-methacrylat (PFHMA) und Glycidylmethacrylat (GMA) sowie der Mischung beider unter verschiedenen Bedingungen zu initiieren. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse zeigen: (a) PFHMA kann nur auf Baumwollcellulose gepfropft werden, wenn noch GMA in der Mischung vorhanden ist. (b) Den hochsten PFHMA-Anteil im Pfropfcopolymerisat erhalt man bei 80°C und einem Monomerverhaltnis PFHMA : GMA = 50:50. (c) PFHMA setzt bei hoheren Temperaturen die hohe Abbruchgeschwindigkeit von GMA herab. (d) GMA aktiviert PFHMA, aber PFHMA deaktiviert GMA. (e) Es treten keine synergistischen Effekte auf. (f) Die optimalen Bedingungen liegen vor bei: 0,01% H2O2, 0,04% Thioharnstoffdioxid, Monomerverhaltnis 50:50. (g) Am Anfang verlauft die Pfropfcopolymerisation sehr schnell, dann last die Geschwindigkeit nach. (h) Das Wasser/Ol-Abweisungsvermogen beruht auf dem PFHMA-Anteil; es ist bei 4,25% PFHMA bei einem Gesamtpfropfgehalt von 22,5% am hochsten.","PeriodicalId":7808,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74646870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polychelates of a tetrafunctional bisoxime","authors":"H. Suthar, J. R. Shah","doi":"10.1002/APMC.1985.051300112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/APMC.1985.051300112","url":null,"abstract":"Mn(II)-, Co(II)-, Ni(II)-, and Zn(II)-polychelates of 4,4′-(4,4′-Biphenylylenebisazo)-di(2-hydroxy acetophenone oxime) have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of their physicochemical properties. An octahedral structure is suggested for all the polychelates. The order of thermal stability for all the polychelates was determined from their thermogravimetric analyses. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Mn(II)-, Co(II)-, Ni(II)-, und Zn(II)-Polychelate von 4,4′-(4,4′-Biphenylylenbisazo)-di(2-hydroxyacetophenonoxim) wurden hergestellt und durch ihre physikochemischen Eigenschaften charakterisiert. Fur alle Polychelate wird eine oktahedrische Struktur angenommen. Die Reihenfolge der thermischen Stabilitat aller Polychelate wurde aus thermogravimetrischen Analysen ermittelt.","PeriodicalId":7808,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85261105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polystyrene‐supported aluminium silver chloride as selective ethylene adsorbent","authors":"H. Hirai, S. Hara, M. Komiyama","doi":"10.1002/APMC.1985.051300118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/APMC.1985.051300118","url":null,"abstract":"Polystyrene-supported aluminium silver chloride was prepared as a solid and selective adsorbent for ethylene by refluxing silver chloride, aluminium chloride, and macroreticular-type polystyrene resin in carbon disulfide, followed by removal of the solvent in vacuo. The adsorbent rapidly adsorbed ethylene about equimolar to aluminium silver chloride under 1 atm at 20°C. Almost all the ethylene adsorbed was released by subjecting the adsorbent to a reduced pressure 8 mm Hg at 20°C for 10 min. The adsorbent, however, showed no adsorption of carbon monoxide under 1 atm at 20°C.","PeriodicalId":7808,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74782905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability constants and thermodynamic parameters of some intermacromolecular complexes of acrylic copolymers and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)","authors":"S. K. Chatterjee, J. Yadav, K. R. Sethi","doi":"10.1002/APMC.1985.051300104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/APMC.1985.051300104","url":null,"abstract":"Stability constants and thermodynamic parameters (e.g. ΔH0 and Δ0) have been determined for intermacromolecular complexes of methacrylic acid-methacrylamide and acrylic acid-acrylamide copolymers with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP). The presence of nonionic units in the copolymers greatly enhances the stability of the complexes with PVP. The enthalpy and entropy changes of the systems with temperature have been interpreted in terms of various modes of interaction between the components. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Fur intermakromolekulare Komplexe aus Methacrylsaure-Methacrylamid- und Acrylsaure-Acrylamid-Copolymere mit Polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP) wurden Staabilitatskonstanten sowie thermodynamische Parameter wie ΔH0 und Δ0 bestimmt. Durch Anwesenheit nichtionischer Einheiten in den Copolymeren wird die Stabilitat der Komplexe mit PVP stark erhoht. Enthalpie- und Entropieanderungen der Systeme mit der Temperatur wurden durch verschieden geartete Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Polymerkomponenten erklart.","PeriodicalId":7808,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84647121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of thermal treatment on the electrothermographic and electrical properties of poly(acrylonitrile butadiene styrene)","authors":"P. Pillai, A. Gupta, S. Sharma","doi":"10.1002/APMC.1985.051300107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/APMC.1985.051300107","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on the electrothermographic and conductivity behaviour of poly(acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) (ABS) films of different thermal pretreatments were carried out. The resistivity in ABS layers stored at 50°C was found to be low (∼ 1015 Ω · cm). The charge acceptance and its retention also is poor. The reason for that is the adsorption of water molecules. The layers, when thermally treated at 100°C or more for 5 h, show an enhanced resistivity (∼ 1017 Ω · cm at 50°C) and hence an improvement in charge acceptance as well as in charge retention. Environmental and storage conditions as well as thermal treatment during layer preparations have no effect on the temperature dependence of the resistivity beyond 110°C. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Es wurden Untersuchungen zum elektrothermographischen und zum Leitfahigkeitsverhalten von Poly(Acrylnitril-Butadien-Styrol) (ABS) nach unterschiedlichen thermischen Vorbehandlungen durchgefuhrt. Die spezifischen Widerstande von bei 50°C gelagerten ABS-Platten erwiesen sich als klein (∼ 1015 Ω · cm). Auch die Ladungsaufnahme und die Ladungsspeicherung waren schlecht. Der Grund dafur ist die Adsorption von Wassermolekulen. Werden die Platten bei 100°C oder mehr fur 5 h thermisch beansprucht, zeigen sie erhohte spezifische Widerstande (∼ 1017 Ω· cm bei 50°C) und haben deshalb eine bessere Ladungsaufnahme und -speicherung. Sowohl Umwelt- und Lagerungsbedingungen als auch eine thermische Behandlung wahrend der Herstellung der Platten haben unterhalb 110°C keinen Einflus auf die Temperaturabhangigkeit der spezifische Widerstande.","PeriodicalId":7808,"journal":{"name":"Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73917895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}