Anales de pediatria最新文献

{"title":"Cómo elaborar y evaluar documentos de consenso: métodos y listas de comprobación","authors":"María Aparicio Rodrigo ,&nbsp;Paz González Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Nieves Balado Insunza ,&nbsp;Garazi Fraile Astorga ,&nbsp;Pilar Aizpurua Galdeano ,&nbsp;Carlos Ochoa Sangrador ,&nbsp;Comité de Trabajo de Pediatría Basada en la Evidencia","doi":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evidence-based medicine seeks the rigorous application of the best available scientific evidence to clinical decision-making. However, when the evidence is insufficient or inconsistent, consensus documents can guide clinical practice and reduce variability of care. These documents, developed by experts, require a structured approach to ensure their validity and applicability. A consensus document is a report produced by experts following a formalized process to answer a specific clinical question. The methodology used must be rigorous to minimize biases, such as dominance of certain experts or the panel not being representative. The most widely used formal consensus methods are the Delphi technique, the nominal group technique, the RAND/UCLA method, consensus conferences and other, less structured methods such as consensus meetings and focus groups. To ensure the quality of a consensus document, the use of standards such as the ACCORD guideline is essential. This guideline provides drafting criteria, ensuring the inclusion of detailed information regarding the materials, resources (both human and financial) and procedures used during the consensus process. The critical reading of these documents should take into account factors such as the representativeness of the panel, the clarity of the consensus criteria and potential conflicts of interest. In this sense, critical appraisal tools, such as those proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute, facilitate the identification of biases and the evaluation of the validity of recommendations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7783,"journal":{"name":"Anales de pediatria","volume":"103 1","pages":"Article 503890"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aplasia cutis congénita de presentación insólita","authors":"Laura Jiménez Blanco,&nbsp;Ana María Gil Fenoy,&nbsp;Esther Aguilera Rodríguez,&nbsp;Francisco Javier Díez-Delgado Rubio","doi":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503807","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7783,"journal":{"name":"Anales de pediatria","volume":"103 1","pages":"Article 503807"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediculosis: ¡atención, no sólo en la cabeza!","authors":"Aniza Giacaman,&nbsp;Francisca Mestre-Bauzá","doi":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503810","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7783,"journal":{"name":"Anales de pediatria","volume":"103 1","pages":"Article 503810"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tofacitinib en alopecia areata y síndrome nefrótico","authors":"Irene Comino-Hidalgo ,&nbsp;Ana Belén Martínez-López ,&nbsp;Minia Campos-Domínguez ,&nbsp;Olalla Álvarez-Blanco","doi":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503834","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7783,"journal":{"name":"Anales de pediatria","volume":"103 1","pages":"Article 503834"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La salud de los niños y la Ley Trans","authors":"Ángel Hernández Merino","doi":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503901","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7783,"journal":{"name":"Anales de pediatria","volume":"103 1","pages":"Article 503901"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valoración del dolor en pacientes menores con disfunción cognitiva: adaptación y validación de la escala r-FLACC","authors":"Débora Sierra-Núñez ,&nbsp;Alejandro Bosch-Alcaraz ,&nbsp;María Auxiliadora Flores Ordóñez ,&nbsp;M. Mercedes Nebra Muñoz ,&nbsp;Anna García Merino ,&nbsp;Erika González Lucena ,&nbsp;Esperanza Zuriguel-Pérez","doi":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Minors with cognitive dysfunction are at increased risk for pain and inadequate pain management. Pain assessment in children with cognitive and verbal dysfunction should be performed using specific behavioral scales. The main objective of this study was the translation and adaptation to Spanish of the revised Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability (r-FLACC) scale, one of the best-rated scales for assessing pain in children with cognitive dysfunction, followed by its validation.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><div>We carried out a prospective, observational and psychometric study in three phases: translation and adaptation, content validity analysis using mixed methods, and analysis of the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the r-FLACC scale.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We obtained an overall content validity index of 0.99, supported by qualitative data obtained in a focus group of patients’ relatives. The internal consistency of the Spanish version was demonstrated by a Cronbach α of 0.876 and a McDonald omega of 0.880; and the interobserver agreement by a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.933. The r-FLACC scale exhibited the capacity to detect changes in pain severity after pharmacological intervention, with <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001 in the Wilcoxon test.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The Spanish version of the r-FLACC scale proved to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing pain intensity in children with cognitive dysfunction, thus providing professionals a tool that had not been available in our area and contributing to improving the scientific evidence available on the subject.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7783,"journal":{"name":"Anales de pediatria","volume":"103 1","pages":"Article 503898"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"¿Por qué los pediatras debemos ser también científicos?","authors":"Alejandro Avila-Alvarez","doi":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503882","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7783,"journal":{"name":"Anales de pediatria","volume":"103 1","pages":"Article 503882"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hiperplasia de células neuroendocrinas de la infancia: descripción de 6 casos","authors":"Laura Gil Blanco ,&nbsp;Alicia Hernando Larroy ,&nbsp;Javier Sainz García ,&nbsp;Carlos Martín de Vicente","doi":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503904","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7783,"journal":{"name":"Anales de pediatria","volume":"103 1","pages":"Article 503904"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"¿Existe un componente biológico en la identidad de género?","authors":"Natalia S. Fernández ,&nbsp;Rosa Fernández ,&nbsp;Marcelino Gómez-Balaguer ,&nbsp;Mireia Mora ,&nbsp;Julio Guerrero-Fernández ,&nbsp;Amadora Moral-Martos","doi":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503883","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503883","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Gender identity is each person's internal sense of being a woman, a man, both, neither, or anywhere along the gender spectrum, which may (cisgender) or may not (transgender) coincide with the sex assigned at birth. The multiple difficulties experienced by transgender individuals constitutes a risk factor for mood disorders and self-harming behaviors. However, knowledge about biological influences on gender identity development has the potential to reduce the stigmatization of gender minorities.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>We conducted a literature review of the available literature on the biological basis of gender identity, summarizing the main scientific evidence in the field in addition to its limitations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A growing body of research supports that the broad spectrum that characterizes gender identity constitutes a multifactorial trait with a heritable component. At the neuroanatomical level, this model translates to the high variability observed in the degree of masculinization/feminization of different features within a single brain, with considerable overlap between different gender identities at the individual level. Hence, neither genetic variants nor neuroanatomic measures can be used to identify or predict an individual's gender identity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The evolutionary advantage of sexual reproduction lies in the huge increase in variation produced among individuals. The continuous distribution of gender identities in the population appears to be just one more aspect of sexual reproduction as a source of variability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7783,"journal":{"name":"Anales de pediatria","volume":"103 1","pages":"Article 503883"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigación pediátrica en España: desafíos y oportunidades","authors":"Laura Moreno-Galarraga ,&nbsp;César García Vera ,&nbsp;Irene Rivero-Calle ,&nbsp;Federico Martinón-Torres ,&nbsp;Ignacio Díez López ,&nbsp;Fernando Cabañas ,&nbsp;Cristina Calvo ,&nbsp;en nombre de la Plataforma INVEST-AEP","doi":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Pediatric research is key for improving the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of childhood diseases. In Spain, however, this vital area of research remains underfunded and underrepresented compared to both domestic research in the adult population and pediatric research in other countries.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To identify the main barriers to pediatric research in Spain and propose strategies to strengthen its development and integration into the public healthcare system.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The INVEST-AEP working group conducted an analysis of the current state of pediatric research in Spain. The analysis identified barriers related to funding, training, clinical workloads and bureaucracy, based on which the group proposed several potential improvement strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The main barriers include limited funding (5% of national grants), insufficient training in research (both in undergraduate and residency programs), substantial clinical workloads with no protected research time and insufficient collaborative networks. The situation is even more critical in primary care, and, in addition, research efforts do not receive the recognition they deserve for professional career advancement or the competitive application process for public positions. Potential solutions were identified, such as improvements in medical and residency training, consolidation of structured research networks, dedicated sources of funding for pediatric research, protected research time, centralization of ethics committees and recognition of research in merit-based evaluations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Urgent strategies are needed to strengthen pediatric research in Spain, including increased investment, specific training programs and collaborative networks. A skilled pediatrician should seamlessly integrate clinical practice, teaching and research. Pediatricians, institutions, universities, and the central and autonomous community governments in Spain need to actively promote pediatric research to improve child health and to position Spain as a leader in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7783,"journal":{"name":"Anales de pediatria","volume":"103 1","pages":"Article 503854"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}