American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Community Pharmacists’ Involvement in Breast Cancer Health Promotion in United Arab Emirates (UAE)","authors":"O. M. Ibrahim, Rana M Ibrahim","doi":"10.3844/AJPTSP.2013.155.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJPTSP.2013.155.163","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in Middle East countries. Despite the continuous efforts to increase the public awareness of breast cancer via campaigns and public screening programs, breast cancer screening rate remains low. The participation of community pharmacists in the communication and dissemination of breast cancer screening information should have a significant positive impact. The objectives of this study were to assess the degree of community pharmacists’ participation in breast cancer health promotion activities in United Arab Emirates (UAE), to evaluate their attitudes towards the involvement in breast cancer health promotion and receiving breast cancer continuous education. The study objectives were addressed in a cross-sectional survey distributed to community pharmacists in Sharjah, Dubai and Ajman Emirates (UAE). The survey measured the extent of community pharmacists’ participation in breast cancer health promotion activities, their interest and comfort in providing breast cancer health promotion, and their perceived barriers for integrating breast cancer health promotion activities into their daily practice. Over a 24-week period, we collected 275 surveys out of 335 pharmacists approached (82% response rate). Ninety-six percent indicated that they never invited healthcare professionals to provide breast cancer education in the pharmacy, 67% said that they never distributed breast cancer educational materials and 47% reported that they never counseled patients about breast cancer. Nevertheless, more than 75% were highly interested in being engaged in breast cancer health promotion activities. In addition, 87% believed that discussing breast cancer awareness with female patients in the pharmacy was beneficial to patients. Yet pharmacists perceived many barriers for integrating breast cancer health promotion into their daily practice including lack of educational materials (87%) and lack of enough time (74%). Moreover, their breast cancer knowledge mean score was 51% with 87% expressing a high interest in receiving breast cancer continuous education. Despite their low participation in breast cancer health promotion, the mainstream of pharmacists was interested in educating patients about breast cancer. However, low breast cancer knowledge and other barriers can prevent actualizing this role.","PeriodicalId":7769,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"67 1","pages":"155-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85103146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TOXICITY OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES IN LUNG TISSUE AFTER REPEATED ORAL ADMINISTRATION","authors":"A. Shokouhian, Saman Soheili, Saeed Moradhaseli, L. Fazli, M. Ardestani, M. Ghorbani","doi":"10.3844/AJPTSP.2013.148.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJPTSP.2013.148.154","url":null,"abstract":"Pathological experiments should be considered following oral administration of ZnO. Effect of different doses of ZnO nanoparticle on LDH in oral method showed significant differences in control group (p","PeriodicalId":7769,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"76 1","pages":"148-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74079751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF N-ACETYLCYSTIENE ON THE TOXIC HAZARDS OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES","authors":"H. Attia, M. Soliman, G. Abdel-Rahman, M. Nassan, S. Ismail, Mona M. Farouk, C. Solcan","doi":"10.3844/AJPTSP.2013.141.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJPTSP.2013.141.147","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was directed to evaluate the toxic effects of orally administered titanium dioxide naonparticles (TiO2) on liver of male albino rats and to evaluate the ameliorative effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Forty adult male albino rats were divided into 4 groups; control group, NAC group, TiO2 group and TiO2/ NAC group. Rats were administered either TiO2 (1200 mg kg-1 BW) or NAC (100 mg kg-1 BW) alone or together for 9 months. Blood was taken to evaluate serum changes in GPT, GOT and MDA levels. Liver tissues were examined for changes in MDA, GSH and changes in liver histopathology. Administration of TiO2 increased serum GPT, GOT and decreased MDA levels. Co-treatment of rats with NAC and TiO2 improved such significant changes induced by TiO2 alone. Moreover, significant time dependent increase in MDA and decrease in GSH levels in liver tissues were recorded. Liver histopathology showed vacuolar, hydropic degeneration and cell death of some hepatic cells. In conclusion, results confirmed the protective effect of NAC in amelioration of the biohazard effects induced by TiO2 in rats.","PeriodicalId":7769,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"148 1","pages":"141-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86076088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Chelation Therapy with Deferasirox and Desferrioxamine In Removing Lead from Rats","authors":"F. Balooch, S. J. Fatemi, M. Iranmanesh, B. Hosseinkhani","doi":"10.3844/AJPTSP.2013.134.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJPTSP.2013.134.140","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to evaluate the potential e fficiency of Deferasirox (DFX) and Desfferioxamine (DFO) as chelating agents in removing lead from rats as a biological model. Two different doses of lead (II) chloride (40 and 80 mg kg -1 body weight) were used for 45 days. After this per iod, all rats showed toxicity symptoms through loss of hair, greenish mottling on the live r, appearance of red dots around eyes and weakness. After lead administration, chelation therapy was done in removing the toxic metal from the biological system . The abilities of DFX and DFO chelators in removal of le ad from the body were studied for 10 days. Lead and iron concentrations in different tissues were measured b y Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS). Our results showed that two chelators can be more effec tive as combined therapy than as single therapy in removing lead from the body and also, toxicity symp toms are decreased. It could be concluded that DFX and DFO chelators could be used for the treatment of co mplication of lead intoxication symptoms.","PeriodicalId":7769,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"3 2","pages":"134-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91438915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS (L.) GROWING WILD IN EAST PART OF KOSOVO","authors":"A. Haziri, Fatmir Faiku, A. Mehmeti, S. Govori, S. Abazi, M. Daci, Imer Haziri, Arlinda Bytyqi-Damoni, A. Mele","doi":"10.3844/AJPTSP.2013.128.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJPTSP.2013.128.133","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of the essential oil of Juniperus communis (L.), originated from east part of Kosova, was investigated. The ess ential oil from berries of J. communis (L.), obtained by hydro-distillation was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Antimicrobial properties of the essential oil of J. communis (L.) are investigated and results are submitted fo r their activities against Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Hafnia alvei and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Applying the agar disc diffusion technique, we measured diameters of the inhibition zone around discs, which are previously wetted with DMF soluti on of the essential oil with three different concentra tions, 1, 3 and 5 mg mL -1 . Analysis of the oil resulted in the identification of 41 peaks, representing 96% of the oil. Berry essential oil composed mainly of monoterpenoids which amounted to 83%, of which 69.4% was monoterpene hydrocarbons. The main monoterpene hydrocarbons were α-pinene (36.2%) and β-myrcene (21.1%). The sesquiterpene accounted for about 13.4% of the total oil composition. Germa crene D (2.2%), α-cadinol (1.6%), α-humulene (1.5%), spathulenol (1.4%), epi-α-bisabolol (1.3%) and germacrene B (1.1%) were the main constituents of the sesquiterpenes. The inhibition zone depends from co ncentrations and also from sort of bacteria. The inhibition zones differ from 0-39 mm. The present work presents the chemical composition of the hydrodistilled oil of J. communis (L.) from East part of Kosova and the results are compared to those reported in the literature. This study demonstrates the occurrence of α-pinene chemotype of J. communis (L.) from east part of Kosova. The essential oil of J. communis (L.) growing wild in Kosova, showed moderate to high activities against Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Hafnia alvei . Pseudomonas aeruginosa is resistant to the essential oil of J. communis (L.) growing wild in east part of Kosova.","PeriodicalId":7769,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"63 1","pages":"128-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83940704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involvement of Bone Marrow Megakaryocytes in the Formation of the Bone Marrow-Blood Barrier in Transgenic Mice","authors":"Pawel Laskowski, K. Ostrowski, B. Klim, K. Kitlas, D. Lemancewicz, M. Winnicka, J. Dzięcioł","doi":"10.3844/AJPTSP.2013.120.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJPTSP.2013.120.127","url":null,"abstract":"Mature cell release takes place through the hypothetical barrier- the bone marrow-blood barrier. It consists of blood vessels and cells that surround them. Such cells are, among others, megakaryocytes. They are involved in the release of platelets or other cellular components of blood. The amount and the development of megakaryocytes and thus the maturity of barrier depends on many factors. One of them is IL-6, which gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 7 (7p15-p21). The study was performed on wild-type mice (C57B4/6J) and on mice lacking the gene encoding IL-6 (IL-6 KO-C57B4/6J IL-6tm1 Kopf-/-). Bone marrow of all animals in both groups has been collected, fixed and stained. Megakaryocytes were identified in each microscopic specimen using immunohistochemical reaction with the CD61 antibody. Then all specimens were subjected to histomorphometric analysis. Statistically significant differences in the total number and size of magakariocytes was noted, which affects bone marrow-blood barrier functions. This could be used in the conventional treatment of cancer, respiratory diseases and coagulation disorders and in the treatment using nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":7769,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"13 1","pages":"120-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76908813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptogenic Potentials of Cyphostemma glaucophilla Aqueous Leaf Extract","authors":"Ojogbane Eleojo, Nwodo Okwesili Fred Chiletugo, O. James","doi":"10.3844/AJPTSP.2013.89.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJPTSP.2013.89.94","url":null,"abstract":"Cytophostemma glaucophilla aqueous extract is used in Kogi and Kwara States of Nigeria to treat Kwashiorkor and to boost immunity. As part of the effort to evaluate its effect on stress, it was screened for adaptogenic potentials. This investigation was conducted using albino rats to determine the ability of this plant to increase non specific resistance against physical, biological and chemical stressors. Showed that, the extract significantly (p","PeriodicalId":7769,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"10 1","pages":"89-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76373416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPLORATION OF HEALING PROMOTING POTENTIALS OF LEAVES OF MORUS ALBA L. IN ALBINO RATS","authors":"M. Kaushik, Aditi Kaushik, K. Murti","doi":"10.3844/AJPTSP.2013.95.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJPTSP.2013.95.101","url":null,"abstract":"To establish the wound healing activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of roots of Morus alba. Two models were performed to evaluate the wound healing activity i.e., Incision and Excision model. In incision model the parameter which was carried out was breaking strength of wounded skin. In excision model percentage wound contraction and period of epithelialization was established for both the extracts. Reference standard drug was Aloe vera ointment for comparison with other groups. From the observation in both the models, Aq. extract of Morus alba was found to have greater wound healing activity in terms of breaking strength in incision model and percentage wound contraction, period of epithelialization was highest in excision model compared with other groups. In conclusion, our findings suggest that aq. extract of Morus alba possess better healing ability than the ethanolic extract.","PeriodicalId":7769,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"9 1","pages":"95-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81399059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INTERACTION OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA WITH METFORMIN IN DIABETIC RATS","authors":"Tripathi Poonam, G. Prakash, L. Kumar","doi":"10.3844/AJPTSP.2013.102.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJPTSP.2013.102.106","url":null,"abstract":"Now a day’s people use herb or herbal remedies along with their medication in long term treatment of various disease. Concomitant use of herb and drug can interact with each other may cause herb drug interaction. The present study was designed to investigate the possible herb drug interaction between Momordica Chrantia Fruit Juice (MCFJ) and metformin. Metformin was given orally in two different doses of 50 mg kg-1 and 100 mg kg-1. Momordica chrantia fruit juice was administered at a dose of 20 mL kg-1. The Blood glucose was estimated at 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Body weight of the rats of all the groups was recorded before and after the study period of 28 days. All the treatment shows significant (p","PeriodicalId":7769,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"94 1","pages":"102-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75933004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SITAGLIPTIN IMPAIRS HEALING OF EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED GASTRIC ULCERS VIA INHIBITION OF INOS AND COX-2 EXPRESSION","authors":"A. Unis, E. Abdelzaher","doi":"10.3844/AJPTSP.2013.107.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJPTSP.2013.107.119","url":null,"abstract":"Gastric ulcer healing is a complex process that is regulated by several promoting factors including COX-2 and iNOS. Diabetes mellitus is usually associated with delayed gastric ulcer healing. Hence, the current study was designed to investigate the effect of sitagliptin (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor) on gastric ulcer healing and expression of iNOS and COX-2 in rat stomach.The study was conducted on 30 rats divided into three equal groups. Group 1 served as normal control group. Gastric ulcer was induced, by serosal application of acetic acid, in group 2 (ulcer model group) and group 3 (sitagliptin-treated group). Sitagliptin was administrated from day 3 to day 10 in group 3. All rats were sacrificed on day 10 and stomachs were removed for pathological examination and immunohistochemical assessment of COX-2 and iNOS expression. Pathological examination revealed that gastric ulcer healing was significantly impaired in the sitagliptin-treated group as evidenced by the significantly larger ulcerated area and ulcer base maturation impairment.COX-2 and iNOS expression as well as mean MVD were significantly diminished in the sitagliptin-treated group as compared to the ulcer model group. A significant positive correlation was found between COX-2 and iNOS implying their synergistic action. We conclude that sitagliptin significantly impairs gastric ulcer healing in rats possibly through inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression. Our results raise the question of whether sitagliptin is advisable in diabetic patients with pre-existing gastric ulcer. Our preliminary experimental findings need to be substantiated by future human studies.","PeriodicalId":7769,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":"107-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90416582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}