American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene最新文献

{"title":"Emergence of Dengue Virus Serotype 2 Cosmopolitan Genotype in Costa Rica.","authors":"Vanessa Villalobos-Alfaro, María José Uribe-Calvo, Eugenia Corrales-Aguilar, Tatiana Murillo","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.24-0633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.24-0633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dengue virus produces dengue fever, which can cause severe manifestations. Virus serotype and genotype may impact the epidemiology and severity of the disease. At the Hospital México (Costa Rica), dengue diagnosis and serotyping are performed with molecular tests, but selected samples are sequenced using Illumina technology. In May 2024, we analyzed two dengue-positive samples through genomic sequencing and detected dengue serotype 2, Cosmopolitan genotype. Phylogenetic comparisons revealed that the Costa Rican genomes are closely related to those from Brazil, Peru, and Colombia. Molecular dating estimated that the sequences from Costa Rica diverged in January 2024, suggesting that this genotype may already have been circulating in the country. The emergence of this genotype could impact the severity and epidemiology of dengue in Costa Rica. Therefore, genomic and epidemiological surveillance of dengue cases locally is important to better understand the public health impact of this new genotype in the country.</p>","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significant Reduction in Seroprevalence of Antibodies Against Hepatitis A across Thailand, 2024.","authors":"Phattharaporn Inma, Pornjarim Nilyanimit, Nasamon Wanlapakorn, Ratchadawan Aeemjinda, Sumeth Korkong, Prangnapitch Wihanthong, Narong Thawinwisan, Pichet Puedkuntod, Watcharanan Tinnaitorn, Montana Foonoi, Pornsawan Meechin, Yong Poovorawan","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.24-0702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.24-0702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is an RNA virus that causes acute hepatitis and is transmitted via the fecal-oral route. It has historically been highly endemic in Thailand, where most children develop lifelong immunity after infection. Economic development and improved sanitation have reduced HAV transmission, but immunity levels have declined, raising concerns about potential future outbreaks. This study aims to assess the seroprevalence of HAV antibodies in Thailand in 2024, 10 years after the last national survey in 2014, and to evaluate current immunity levels to inform public health strategies. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a population aged 6 months to 80 years across Thailand's geographic regions. A total of 4,312 serum samples were tested for anti-HAV antibodies using the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. The seroprevalence data were compared with findings from previous surveys in 2004 and 2014. The study showed a significant decline in population immunity to HAV, with the age at which 50% of individuals had antibodies increasing from 36 in 2004 to 42 in 2014, and to 47 years in 2024. A majority of the population remained susceptible to HAV, particularly among younger age groups. Thailand has transitioned to low HAV endemicity, with a large proportion of the population lacking immunity. Despite the absence of significant outbreaks in recent decades, the risk of future outbreaks remains, particularly from imported cases. Enhanced surveillance and vaccination strategies are necessary to prevent future HAV transmission and manage public health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"US Public Health and Biomedical Research Institutions Help Keep the World Safe and Deserve Continued Strong Support.","authors":"Philip J Rosenthal, Davidson H Hamer, Daniel G Bausch, Jamie Bay Nishi, David A Fidock","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.25-0156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.25-0156","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Combatting Ebola and other Outbreak-Prone Pathogens, Global Health is American's Health.","authors":"Daniel G Bausch, David Heymann","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.25-0153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.25-0153","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facial Papulopustular Eruption in an Adult: An Underreported Complication of Miliaria.","authors":"Akshay Meena, Arun Somasundaram, Sivaranjini Ramassamy","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.24-0680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.24-0680","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronic Clinical Decision Support Tools to Manage Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection: Clinicians' Perspectives in Sri Lanka.","authors":"Warsha De Zoysa, Dhammika Palangasinghe, Champica Bodinayake, Ajith Nagahawatte, Jayani Gamage, Maria Iglesias-Ussel, Stefany Olague, Christina Galdieri, Ruvini Kurukulasooriya, Senali Weerasinghe, Madureka Premamali, James Ngocho, Armstrong Obale, Hrishikesh Chakraborty, Truls Ostbye, Susanna Naggie, Christopher W Woods, Evan Myers, Melissa H Watt, L Gayani Tillekeratne","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.24-0576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.24-0576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In low-resource settings, providers often manage lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) without diagnostic tests, which may cause antibacterial overuse. Electronic clinical decision support tools (eCDSTs) can support evidence-based decision-making and judicious use of antibacterials. This study aimed to explore the potential of an eCDST to help providers in Sri Lanka effectively manage LRTI. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 clinicians, including 10 males and five females, with an average of 11.6 years (range: 4-25 years) of clinical practice. The interview guide covered clinicians' interest in an eCDST to manage LRTI and their feedback regarding the desired features of such a tool. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded for themes related to: interest in an eCDST for LRTI, desired tool capabilities, development concerns, and tool design characteristics. All expressed interest in incorporating eCDSTs into their practice. However, the majority emphasized that clinical judgment must supersede recommendations from an eCDST. Four themes emerged regarding desired tool capabilities: information about the pathogen, treatment recommendations, severity of the LRTI, and monitoring of patient progress. Six themes emerged regarding tool development considerations: validated algorithms, regional specificity, seasonality, inclusion of patient's risk factors, scalability, and the importance of updated and locally relevant recommendations. Participants stressed that the tool design should be simple, timesaving, and internet-independent. Electronic clinical decision support tools are capable of improving patient care and reduce antibiotic overuse, which may impact downstream antibacterial resistance. Future research should develop an eCDST for LRTI with local input and evaluate its impact on appropriate antibacterial use and patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Bites to Bytes: Evaluating User Engagement and Mosquito Bite Exposure Patterns with the Bite Diary Smartphone Application.","authors":"Panpim Thongsripong, Yasmin V Ortiz, Simon A Casas, Eva A Buckner","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.24-0575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.24-0575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mosquito-borne diseases, including malaria, dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, significantly impact global health. Traditional methods for monitoring human-mosquito contact, such as human landing catch (HLC) and DNA profiling, have limitations, including biases and a lack of detailed temporal and spatial data. HLC may also raise ethical concerns in some settings. To address these challenges, we developed Bite Diary, a smartphone app for systematically recording mosquito bite exposure. Research participants in eastern Florida attended workshops to learn about the project and mosquito identification. They then used a pilot version of Bite Diary over predefined 7-day periods to log mosquito bites, providing data on bite frequency, timing, and context. Finally, they completed an online questionnaire post-monitoring. The study found high levels of participant engagement, and the technical usability of the app was well-received. The estimated bite exposure rate was 0.62 mosquito bites per person per day (SD = 1.63), with 94% of bite records occurring outdoors. A significant correlation was observed between repellent use and self-reported bite reactions. Several design and interface elements requiring improvement were identified for future studies to reduce survey biases. These findings highlight the utility of bite surveys in evaluating human factors that affect mosquito bite exposure and enhancing our understanding of human-mosquito interactions. Our use of a no-code app builder for Bite Diary may enable other research groups to easily create similar surveys, broadening the potential for bite data collection in diverse settings. This tool could significantly aid in developing targeted strategies for mosquito-borne disease prevention and control.</p>","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Spotted Fever Group and Typhus Group Rickettsia Along the Texas-Mexico Border.","authors":"Frederick M Cramer, Lauren M Leining, Timothy A Erickson, Josephine Tolan, Craig L Hanis, Eric L Brown, Sarah M Gunter","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.24-0528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.24-0528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rickettsial pathogens are an endemic and emergent source of disease in Texas, with a historically high rate of transmission along the United States-Mexico border. To better understand the prevalence and risk factors for spotted fever group Rickettsia (SFGR) and typhus group Rickettsia (TGR) along the Texas-Mexico border, we conducted a seroprevalence study of adults residing in Starr County, Texas (N = 616). Plasma samples were screened for IgG reactivity to SFGR and TGR using commercially available ELISA. ELISA-positive samples were confirmed using a dual spot IgG indirect immunofluorescent assay. Seropositivity was defined as having a ≥1:128 titer. Analysis was conducted to assess risk factors associated with seropositivity. A higher seroprevalence of TGR (10.9%) was identified compared with SFGR (4.6%) and Rickettsia unspecified (2.0%). These findings add to the growing body of evidence suggesting that both SFGR and TGR are endemic along the Texas-Mexico border.</p>","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of Melioidosis in an Adult Patient in Baja California Sur, México, After Hurricane Norma in October 2023.","authors":"Alfredo Ojeda-Garmendia, Saul Bladimir Castro-Durán, Cecilia Morales-de La Peña, Alma Delia Ojendis-Ojendis, Violeta Larios-Serrato, Georgina Meza-Radilla, J Antonio Ibarra, Paulina Estrada-de Los Santos","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.24-0566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.24-0566","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is an emerging infectious disease in Mexico. In November to December 2023, five cases of melioidosis were reported in Baja California Sur, Mexico, after Hurricane Norma. Burkholderia pseudomallei was isolated from the five patients, four of whom died. This report presents the survival case.</p>","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Coup de Sabre in an HIV-Positive Patient: A Case Study from Lilongwe, Malawi.","authors":"Katherine Naeger, Kia Quinlan, Kelvin Jobo, Marietta DeGuzman, Brigid E O'Brien, Jacob L Todd","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.24-0580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.24-0580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coup de Sabre is a subset of localized linear scleroderma disease influenced by autoimmune, vascular, and genetic factors. The disease often follows an active, relapsing, and remitting course causing the development of permanent sequelae, such as tissue atrophy, pigment alterations, and bony deformities. Treatment strategies have ranged from surgical to injectable and medical management approaches with varying success. Although more common in pediatric patients, Coup de Sabre remains rare, with limited literature available on disease course and treatment outcomes, particularly in the sub-Saharan African population. Furthermore, the existence of autoimmune conditions occurring simultaneously with HIV infection presents an interesting discussion of the interplay between antiretroviral medication, immune dysregulation, and autoimmunity. This case report describes an 11-year-old HIV-positive male in Lilongwe, Malawi with mixed subtype of localized scleroderma manifesting most prominently as Coup de Sabre that remained undiagnosed for 7 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}