American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene最新文献_第4页

Prevalence of Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae Mixed Infections and Associated Mortality in Children with Severe Falciparum Malaria. 严重恶性疟疾患儿卵形疟原虫和疟疾疟原虫混合感染的流行及相关死亡率。

IF 1.6 4区医学

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2026-04-16 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.25-0514

Giselle Lima-Cooper, Dibyadyuti Datta, Caitlin Bond, Kagan A Mellencamp, Ruth Namazzi, Mahesh Gupta, Andrea L Conroy, Robert O Opoka, Chandy C John

{"title":"Prevalence of Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae Mixed Infections and Associated Mortality in Children with Severe Falciparum Malaria.","authors":"Giselle Lima-Cooper, Dibyadyuti Datta, Caitlin Bond, Kagan A Mellencamp, Ruth Namazzi, Mahesh Gupta, Andrea L Conroy, Robert O Opoka, Chandy C John","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.25-0514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.25-0514","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence and clinical significance of mixed Plasmodium infections in children with severe Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) malaria are not well characterized. In a cohort of 440 Ugandan children hospitalized with severe malaria who were diagnosed with Plasmodium species via microscopy, nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) testing was used to detect P. falciparum, Plasmodium ovale (P. ovale), Plasmodium malariae (P. malariae), and Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) infections and assess their association with adverse clinical outcomes during hospitalization. Using nPCR testing, the Plasmodium 18S small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene was detected in 440 children. Plasmodium falciparum mono-infection was identified in 329 (74.8%) children, P. malariae mono-infection was detected in one (0.2%), P. falciparum and P. ovale mixed infections were detected in 100 (22.8%), P. falciparum and P. malariae mixed infection was detected in one (0.2%), and P. falciparum, P. ovale, and P. malariae triple infections were detected in nine (2.1%). Children with triple infections of P. falciparum, P. ovale, and P. malariae exhibited higher mortality rates than those with P. falciparum mono-infection (3/9 [33%] versus 23/329 [7%]; odds ratio = 7.0; 95% CI = 1.8-28; P = 0.005). They were also more likely to experience respiratory distress (6/9 [67%] versus 115/329 [35%]; P = 0.08). In the present study, a high proportion of children with severe falciparum malaria had mixed P. ovale infections, and P. falciparum, P. ovale, and P. malariae triple infections were associated with increased mortality. Improved detection and broader surveillance of non-falciparum malaria may help identify epidemiologic patterns associated with adverse outcomes in severe malaria.","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Dancing Taenia Sign. 跳舞的带绦虫标志。

IF 1.6 4区医学

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2026-04-14 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.25-0741

Emiri Muranaka, Yuichi Hasegawa, Yasuyuki Morishima, Ryota Hase

引用次数: 0

Early-Evening Biting by Anopheles stephensi in Southern Ethiopia: A Challenge for Bed Net Use as Vector Control in Africa. 埃塞俄比亚南部傍晚被斯氏按蚊叮咬：非洲使用蚊帐作为病媒控制的挑战。

IF 1.6 4区医学

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2026-04-14 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.25-0589

Maxwell G Machani, Samuel S C Rund, Dawit Hawaria, Guiyun Yan

{"title":"Early-Evening Biting by Anopheles stephensi in Southern Ethiopia: A Challenge for Bed Net Use as Vector Control in Africa.","authors":"Maxwell G Machani, Samuel S C Rund, Dawit Hawaria, Guiyun Yan","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.25-0589","DOIUrl":"10.4269/ajtmh.25-0589","url":null,"abstract":"Anopheles stephensi is rapidly expanding across Africa, posing new challenges for malaria control. Its biting time patterns, however, remain poorly characterized, raising uncertainty about the effectiveness of bed nets against this invasive vector. To address this gap, we investigated diel biting activity, feeding propensity, and flight behavior using complementary behavioral assays on females reared from wild-caught larvae in Hawassa City, Ethiopia. Flight monitoring assays revealed that An. stephensi exhibited pronounced activity at dusk, beginning between 18:00 and 19:00 with scotophase onset, and little to no activity during photophase. Blood-feeding propensity, defined as the proportion of mosquitoes taking a blood meal when offered, peaked during early scotophase (18:00-22:00) at 33.3-51.7% but was markedly reduced during daylight hours (0-16.7%). Human landing catches in large-cage enclosures confirmed this early-evening activity: 83.5% of total landings occurred between 18:00 and 22:00, with a sharp peak at 18:00-19:00, corresponding to a mean biting rate of 17.8 bites per person per hour. These findings demonstrate that invasive An. stephensi primarily seek hosts and bite during the early evening, when people are often unprotected by bed nets. This behavior reduces the protective impact of conventional net-based interventions and underscores the need for African National Malaria Control Programs to deploy complementary measures such as spatial repellents and larval source management to mitigate early-evening transmission. Moreover, this study highlights the utility of integrated behavioral assays for estimating biting time, offering approaches that can be extended to other vector species across Africa.","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147687643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Severe Oral Myiasis in an Elderly Man with Epilepsy Caused by the New World Screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) in Subtropical Ecuador. 厄瓜多尔亚热带地区1例由新世界螺旋虫引起的老年癫痫患者重度口腔蝇蛆病。

IF 1.6 4区医学

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2026-04-14 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.25-0779

Manuel Calvopiña, Emily Jordan-Guarnizo, Celida Galeas, Richar Rodriguez-Hidalgo

{"title":"Severe Oral Myiasis in an Elderly Man with Epilepsy Caused by the New World Screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) in Subtropical Ecuador.","authors":"Manuel Calvopiña, Emily Jordan-Guarnizo, Celida Galeas, Richar Rodriguez-Hidalgo","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.25-0779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.25-0779","url":null,"abstract":"Oral myiasis is a rare medical condition in which soft tissues of the oral cavity are invaded by the larvae (maggots) of several flies. We report a fatal case in a 75-year-old man from a subtropical rural region of Ecuador who presented to a public health center with respiratory distress, peripheral cyanosis, dyspnea, and a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 9 of 15. The oral cavity emitted a fetid odor and contained bloody secretions with extensive larval invasion affecting the gingiva, lower lip, tongue, and soft palate. More than 300 larvae were manually extracted and morphologically identified as third-instar Cochliomyia hominivorax. The patient had a known history of epilepsy managed with carbamazepine (400 mg/day). Despite supportive management, including oxygen therapy and fluid resuscitation, the patient died approximately 8 hours after admission. The rapid deterioration was probably owing to airway compromise caused by larval migration toward the oropharynx. This case underscores the importance of prompt diagnosis and aggressive management of oral myiasis in vulnerable elderly individuals.","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147687652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pseudotumoral Anogenital Herpes. 假肿瘤性肛门生殖器疱疹。

IF 1.6 4区医学

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2026-04-14 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.25-0508

Mingjia Hu, Shengli Chen, Hong Liu

引用次数: 0

Brachial and Lumbosacral Plexitis in Neuromelioidosis: Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Neurography Features from an Endemic Region in Southern India. 神经类瘤病中的臂丛和腰骶丛炎：来自印度南部一个地方性地区的临床和磁共振神经成像特征。

IF 1.6 4区医学

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2026-04-14 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.25-0668

Pari Thenmozhi Hariswar, Venkateswaran Ramanathan, Surendran Deepanjali, Pillai Vivekanandan, Tamilarasu Kadhiravan, Vellathussery Chakkalakkoombil Sunitha, Krishnan Nagarajan, Haris Abin, Govindan Dinakar

{"title":"Brachial and Lumbosacral Plexitis in Neuromelioidosis: Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Neurography Features from an Endemic Region in Southern India.","authors":"Pari Thenmozhi Hariswar, Venkateswaran Ramanathan, Surendran Deepanjali, Pillai Vivekanandan, Tamilarasu Kadhiravan, Vellathussery Chakkalakkoombil Sunitha, Krishnan Nagarajan, Haris Abin, Govindan Dinakar","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.25-0668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.25-0668","url":null,"abstract":"Melioidosis, which is caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, involves the nervous system in up to 10% of cases and carries high mortality. Although cranial nerve involvement is described in neuromelioidosis, spinal nerve involvement and possible central nervous system spread through spinal nerves are rarely reported. After an index case with brachial plexus involvement, we screened all patients with neuromelioidosis admitted to our institute between November 2024 and April 2025 for spinal nerve and/or plexus involvement. Among 11 patients with neuromelioidosis, 4 had peripheral nerve and/or plexus involvement. Three patients also had concomitant encephalomyelitis. Glycemic status and exposure to immunosuppressive therapy appeared to influence the clinical phenotype. Although Guillain-Barre syndrome-like presentations have been described in neuromelioidosis, our patients had features atypical of Guillain-Barre syndrome. We describe the clinical and neuroimaging features of these four patients. Recognition that concurrent central and spinal peripheral nervous system involvement can occur in neuromelioidosis has diagnostic and therapeutic implications.","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147687681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Partial Healing of Colonial Legacies via Reparations Directed at Public Health Problems. 通过针对公共卫生问题的赔偿部分治愈殖民遗产。

IF 1.6 4区医学

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2026-04-09 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.26-0019

Loick P Kojom Foko, Amit Sharma

引用次数: 0

Rapid Review of Community Pharmacies and Potential for Expanded Access for the Treatment of HIV Infection and/or Tuberculosis in Sub-Saharan Africa. 快速审查撒哈拉以南非洲社区药房和扩大获得艾滋病毒感染和/或结核病治疗的潜力。

IF 1.6 4区医学

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2026-04-09 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.25-0623

Jonathan Izudi, Maurine Ng'oda, Christine Sekaggya-Wiltshire, Amanda Sammann, Noah Kiwanuka, Rachel King, Adithya Cattamanchi

{"title":"Rapid Review of Community Pharmacies and Potential for Expanded Access for the Treatment of HIV Infection and/or Tuberculosis in Sub-Saharan Africa.","authors":"Jonathan Izudi, Maurine Ng'oda, Christine Sekaggya-Wiltshire, Amanda Sammann, Noah Kiwanuka, Rachel King, Adithya Cattamanchi","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.25-0623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.25-0623","url":null,"abstract":"Community pharmacies (private retail drug shops or pharmacies) have emerged as promising platforms for antiretroviral therapy delivery. This rapid review synthesizes findings on using pharmacies to treat HIV infection and/or tuberculosis (TB), and it identifies lessons for expanding TB service delivery. We reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2025 with adherence, retention in care, virologic suppression, prescription refill rates, and TB treatment access as outcomes. Of 314 articles screened, only 3 met the eligibility criteria (studies reporting pharmacies treating HIV infection and/or TB). Findings revealed improved CD4 cell counts; improved mean body weight; and higher rates of prescription refill (95-100%), retention (98%), and viral suppression (99%). Pharmacies have proven effective in delivering treatment for people with HIV and/or TB, highlighting their potential role in expanding TB treatment and related services in sub-Saharan Africa. However, pilot studies are needed to assess the effectiveness and implementation outcomes before broader implementation.","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147643668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pertussis Presenting as New-Onset Uncontrolled Asthma in Children: A Series of Three Cases. 百日咳表现为儿童新发未控制哮喘：3例连载。

IF 1.6 4区医学

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2026-04-09 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.25-0565

Manish Singh, Simple Gupta, Deepu K Peter, Vandana Rani, Utkarsh Suyal

{"title":"Pertussis Presenting as New-Onset Uncontrolled Asthma in Children: A Series of Three Cases.","authors":"Manish Singh, Simple Gupta, Deepu K Peter, Vandana Rani, Utkarsh Suyal","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.25-0565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.25-0565","url":null,"abstract":"Wheezing in children is most often attributed to asthma; however, infectious etiologies, such as Bordetella pertussis, may present with atypical manifestations, including wheezing, particularly in older children. Such presentations pose a diagnostic challenge and frequently result in misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. We describe three nonatopic school-aged children who presented with prolonged, predominantly nocturnal cough and wheezing and were initially managed as cases of new-onset uncontrolled asthma without clinical improvement. All were subsequently diagnosed with pertussis using multiplex polymerase chain reaction testing of throat swabs and demonstrated prompt clinical response to azithromycin therapy. These cases highlight pertussis as an important asthma mimic in older children and underscore the need for heightened clinical suspicion in patients with persistent cough, poor response to bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids, normal inflammatory markers, and relative lymphocytosis. Early recognition is critical to reduce morbidity and limit ongoing transmission, particularly in tropical and resource-limited settings where pertussis may be underdiagnosed.","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147637891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

West Nile Morbidity and Mortality in a Mid-Atlantic Health Care System, 2013-2024. 西尼罗河发病率和死亡率在大西洋中部医疗保健系统，2013-2024。

IF 1.6 4区医学

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2026-04-09 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.26-0008

Seth D Judson, Paul Auwaerter, David Dowdy

引用次数: 0