American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene最新文献

{"title":"The Association of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention with Educational Outcomes in Senegal, 2013-2019: A District-Level Ecological Analysis.","authors":"Mohammed Ndiaye, Donal Bisanzio, Amber Gove, Lauren M Cohee, Richard Reithinger","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.26-0036","DOIUrl":"10.4269/ajtmh.26-0036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaria negatively impacts childhood development and education outcomes. However, evidence on the effects of malaria control on education outcomes is limited. Since 2013, Senegal has scaled up routine monthly administration of malaria chemoprevention to young children during the peak malaria transmission season (i.e., seasonal malaria chemoprevention [SMC]) as a critical malaria control intervention. We conducted a district-level ecological analysis to determine whether large-scale implementation of SMC is associated with improved education outcomes. Using generalized additive mixed models applied to routine malaria intervention and education indicator data for the 2013-2019 period, we show that in comparison with non-SMC districts, districts that had received multiple SMC rounds had improved education outcomes, specifically enrollment, dropout and repetition rates, as well as pass rates of children completing primary school. Our findings highlight the broader benefits of SMC beyond malaria prevention and underscore its role in advancing educational attainment and human development goals in malaria-endemic settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13675672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149102938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exophiala jeanselmei Lower Extremity Phaeohyphomycosis in a Solid Organ Transplant Recipient.","authors":"Ashton D Hall, Deepali Boothankad Sharath, Anisha Misra, Steven D Billings, Jessica Lum","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.26-0397","DOIUrl":"10.4269/ajtmh.26-0397","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13675688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149102909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Massive Ascariasis Causing Extensive Jejunoileal Necrosis and Septic Shock in a Toddler.","authors":"Nhan Vu Truong, Nhan Pham Nguyen Hien, Hoang Tran Viet","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.26-0445","DOIUrl":"10.4269/ajtmh.26-0445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 2.5-year-old boy who had recently migrated from a northern highland area of Vietnam to the south presented with fever, diarrhea, progressive respiratory distress, and severe abdominal distension. He was referred in septic shock, requiring mechanical ventilation and two vasopressors. Emergency laparotomy revealed complete jejunoileal obstruction from a dense bolus of more than 100 Ascaris lumbricoides worms and approximately 70 cm of transmural bowel necrosis. Segmental resection, complete worm extraction, and primary end-to-end anastomosis were performed. Histopathology confirmed transmural hemorrhagic infarction consistent with ischemic necrosis from mechanical obstruction. The child recovered after intensive care, antimicrobial treatment, transfusion support, and a single oral dose of albendazole after postoperative stabilization and return of oral intake; he was discharged on postoperative day 20 and remained well at 2 months when a second single dose of albendazole was administered. Massive ascariasis should remain a differential diagnosis in children with acute abdomen in endemic settings or after migration from endemic areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13675687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149079525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammatory Biomarkers and Psychiatric Symptoms in Patients with Brucellosis: Associations with the Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio.","authors":"Hazan Tomar Bozkurt, Murat Aydın, Nurten Nur Aydın","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.26-0149","DOIUrl":"10.4269/ajtmh.26-0149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brucellosis, a multisystemic zoonotic infection, is increasingly recognized not only for its burden but also for its psychiatric complications. The aim of the present study was to evaluate depression and anxiety levels in patients with brucellosis and to determine if the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is associated with psychiatric symptom severity. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted, including 110 patients with brucellosis with symptom durations ≥8 weeks and 80 healthy comparison participants. Depression and anxiety were evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Inflammatory indices derived from complete blood counts were calculated, with the PLR as the primary index of interest. Multivariate covariance analysis and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to examine associations between the PLR and psychiatric symptoms. Clinically depressive symptoms were observed in 41% of patients versus 11% of participants in the healthy comparison group, and clinically significant anxiety symptoms were observed in 42% and 9%, respectively. Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio values were significantly higher in brucellosis patients compared with the healthy comparison group (129.94 ± 44.94 versus 98.79 ± 8.02; P <0.001). The PLR exhibited significant positive correlations with both BDI (ρ = 0.303; P = 0.001) and BAI scores (ρ = 0.279; P = 0.003). In multivariable linear regression analyses, the PLR was independently associated with both depression (β = 0.202; P = 0.001) and anxiety scores (β = 0.357; P = 0.002) after adjustment for age, sex, education level, and other inflammatory indices. The PLR may represent a cost-effective laboratory marker associated with psychiatric symptom severity in patients with brucellosis. These findings suggest that the PLR warrants further investigation as a potential screening adjunct in resource-limited endemic settings, although validation in independent cohorts is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13675694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149079470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Laboratory Dynamics of Bear Meat-Associated Trichinellosis in Hokkaido, Japan.","authors":"Yuto Takeuchi, Fumihiro Kodama, Takahiro Ichikawa, Atsushi Nagasaka, Isao Nagano, Hiromu Sugiyama, Yasuyuki Morishima","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.26-0384","DOIUrl":"10.4269/ajtmh.26-0384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trichinellosis is a rare infection associated with bear meat consumption found in Japan, where limited access to parasite-specific antibody testing makes definitive diagnosis challenging. In the present study, 19 patients, comprising 16 confirmed and three probable cases, treated at a tertiary care hospital in Hokkaido, Japan, during three independent outbreaks in 2018, 2019, and 2025, were retrospectively analyzed. Patients prepared brown bear meat as a roast (n = 18) or a cutlet (n = 1) and consumed it as a main dish (n = 7) or in smaller portions of a few slices (n = 12). Ten patients consumed previously frozen meat. The causative agents included Trichinella T9 and presumed Trichinella nativa. Common symptoms included rash (17/19, 89.5%), fever (13/19, 68.4%), and muscular symptoms (12/19, 63.2%). Eosinophilia (16/18, 88.9%) and creatine kinase (CK) elevation (13/18, 72.2%) were frequently observed. Creatine kinase levels were highest early in the disease course at ∼15 days post-infection and preceded the eosinophil peak, which occurred at 30 to 40 days post-infection. Parasite-specific antibody seroconversion occurred subsequently. Undercooked bear meat remains a significant risk factor for trichinellosis in this setting. The high frequency of rash, along with CK elevation preceding the eosinophil peak, may provide vital clues for this diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13675695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149079490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Costs of Surgery for Thoracic Cystic Echinococcosis: Data from a Single Center in Italy.","authors":"Matilde Pelizzola, Tommaso Manciulli, Raffaella Lissandrin, Annalisa Roveta, Antonio Maconi, Ambra Vola, Gian Luca D'Alessandro, Armanda Leka, Christine M Budke, Chiara Stocchero, Paolo Barone, Stefano Meda, Enrico Brunetti, Pietro Rinaldi","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.26-0308","DOIUrl":"10.4269/ajtmh.26-0308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surgery is the preferable treatment of thoracic cystic echinococcosis (TCE). However, there is no consensus about the best surgical method. Options include lobectomy, segmentectomy, or cystostomy with closure of bronchial openings and capitonnage. The choice depends on cyst integrity, cyst size, number of cysts, location of cysts within the lung, associated lung tissue damage, and treatment costs. Currently, limited data are available on the costs associated with surgical treatment of TCE. We report data from a referral center for TCE in Italy. We collected treatment information and costs for treatment of nine patients with TCE admitted to the Thoracic Surgery Ward at Santi Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo Hospital in Alessandria, Italy from May 2023 to March 2024. The main surgical approach was cystostomy with closure of bronchial openings and capitonnage. The total expenditures for a single hospitalization, including hospital stay and surgery, ranged from €9,563.9 to €29,849 (median: €13,311.3; interquartile range: €8,584.75, Q1-Q3: €11,227.05-€19,811.80). This study shows the significant variability in treatment cost depending on the surgical technique and clinical complexity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13675678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149079475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromoblastomycosis.","authors":"Rahul Mazumder, Apoorva Sharma, Tarun Narang","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.26-0396","DOIUrl":"10.4269/ajtmh.26-0396","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13675674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149079482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interstitial Keratitis with Panuveitis: A Rare Manifestation of Ocular Tuberculosis.","authors":"Sayali A Karande, Somasheila I Murthy","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.26-0264","DOIUrl":"10.4269/ajtmh.26-0264","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13675689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149079450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxoplasma Transmission to the Fetus during the Periconceptional Period.","authors":"Rym Ben-Abdallah, Rihab Trabelsi, Olfa Souissi, Rania Maatoug, Karim Aoun, Aida Bouratbine","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.25-0740","DOIUrl":"10.4269/ajtmh.25-0740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Tunisia, toxoplasmosis screening in pregnancy is common but not regulated. This study evaluated congenital toxoplasmosis after primary infections during the periconceptional period and the accuracy of diagnostic tools. We analyzed 209 women at the Pasteur Institute of Tunis (2005-2021) with primary infections classified as periconceptional (n = 50, 23.9%), first trimester (n = 121, 57.9%), or second trimester (n = 38, 18.2%). Congenital toxoplasmosis was confirmed in 29 cases (13.9%), diagnosed prenatally in 22 cases, and diagnosed postnatally in 7 cases. Transmission rates were 14%, 8.2%, and 31.5% for periconceptional, first-trimester, and second-trimester infections, respectively, with significantly higher transmission in the second trimester (P = 0.048 versus periconceptional, P = 0.0003 versus first trimester). Prenatal diagnosis was positive in 42.8% of cases during the periconceptional period, 90% of cases during the first trimester, and 83.3% of cases during the second trimester, with false-negative polymerase chain reactions being more frequent during the periconceptional period (P <0.05). Periconceptional infections pose a high risk of fetal transmission, requiring monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13675671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149079502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postdeployment Plasmodium Infections among South Korean Soldiers Receiving Mefloquine Chemoprophylaxis in South Sudan.","authors":"Jun-Won Seo, Da Young Kim, Na Ra Yun, Chul Gab Lee, Dong-Min Kim","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.26-0407","DOIUrl":"10.4269/ajtmh.26-0407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Postdeployment Plasmodium infection continues to occur despite recommended chemoprophylaxis among military personnel and long-term travelers deployed to malaria-endemic regions. We evaluated factors associated with postdeployment Plasmodium infection among South Korean soldiers receiving weekly mefloquine chemoprophylaxis during prolonged deployment to South Sudan. We conducted a retrospective study of 42 soldiers from a military unit who completed a standardized 40-week deployment to South Sudan between 2020 and 2023. All personnel were prescribed weekly mefloquine throughout deployment and 4 weeks after departure and reported completing the regimen. Postdeployment Plasmodium infection was defined as laboratory-confirmed Plasmodium infection detected after return from deployment despite completion of chemoprophylaxis. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical, and laboratory data were obtained from medical records. Nine soldiers developed postdeployment Plasmodium infection (21.4%), of whom six had Plasmodium ovale and three had Plasmodium falciparum infection. No severe malaria cases or malaria-related deaths occurred. Median body surface area (BSA) was significantly higher among infected soldiers than controls (2.01 versus 1.90 m2; P = 0.007). In an age-adjusted Firth-penalized logistic regression model, higher BSA was independently associated with postdeployment Plasmodium infection (adjusted odds ratio: 2.55 per 0.1 m2 increase; 95% CI: 1.08-6.06; P = 0.033), whereas body weight showed a borderline association. Postdeployment Plasmodium infection occurred in one-fifth of soldiers despite recommended chemoprophylaxis, highlighting real-world malaria risk during prolonged deployment in highly endemic settings. Higher BSA may contribute to interindividual variability in prophylactic drug exposure. Prospective studies incorporating pharmacokinetic measurements are needed to clarify relationships between body size, drug exposure, and malaria prevention effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13675670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149079458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}