American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene最新文献_第5页

Efficacy of Spatial Repellents in Malaria Prevention: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. 空间驱蚊剂在疟疾预防中的效果：随机对照试验的荟萃分析。

IF 1.6 4区医学

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.25-0264

Marlene Prager, Felix Bergmann, Lena Pracher, Markus Zeitlinger, Anselm Jorda

{"title":"Efficacy of Spatial Repellents in Malaria Prevention: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Marlene Prager, Felix Bergmann, Lena Pracher, Markus Zeitlinger, Anselm Jorda","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.25-0264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.25-0264","url":null,"abstract":"The efficacy of spatial repellents in preventing malaria infections is unclear. In the present study, a meta-analysis of four randomized controlled trials conducted in China, Indonesia, and Kenya, involving 6,745 participants, was conducted to assess the efficacy of spatial repellents in reducing malaria infections. The risk of malaria infection was lower with the use of spatial repellents (681 [20.0%] of 3,399 participants) compared with controls (1,055 [31.0%] of 3,346 participants), resulting in a 52% risk reduction (pooled risk ratio: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.70; P <0.001). No statistically significant effects on mosquito density (mean difference -10.0; 95% CI: -29.6 to 9.7), measured via human landing catch, or sporozoite rates (82 [0.007%] of 12,321 mosquitoes versus 79 [0.006%] of 14,151 mosquitoes; risk ratio: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.83 to 1.54) were observed. High statistical and methodological heterogeneity limited the certainty of pooled estimates. In this meta-analysis, spatial repellents were associated with a substantial reduction in malaria infections, supporting their role as a complementary intervention for malaria prevention.","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144999395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Patients with Severe Influenza with or without Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Taiwan. 台湾重症流感伴或不伴体外膜氧合的临床特点及预后。

IF 1.6 4区医学

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.25-0070

Jui-Chi Hsu, Ing-Kit Lee, Yi-Chun Chen, Ching-Yen Tsai, Wen-Chi Huang, Chien-Hsiang Tai, Cheng-Hsun Yang, Yu-Tang Wang

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Patients with Severe Influenza with or without Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Taiwan.","authors":"Jui-Chi Hsu, Ing-Kit Lee, Yi-Chun Chen, Ching-Yen Tsai, Wen-Chi Huang, Chien-Hsiang Tai, Cheng-Hsun Yang, Yu-Tang Wang","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.25-0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.25-0070","url":null,"abstract":"Annual influenza epidemics contribute to a substantial global burden of illness and death. This study aims to evaluate clinical outcomes among patients with severe influenza, comparing those who received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with those who did not. A retrospective study was conducted at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital involving adult patients diagnosed with influenza between 2015 and 2019. The inclusion criteria encompassed patients with influenza exhibiting severe clinical manifestations. Of 52 severe influenza patients, 51 (98.1%) were invasively ventilated; acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was identified in 50 (96.2%) patients, and acute kidney injury was identified in 37 (71.2%) patients. Among these patients, 27 (51.9%) died. A subset of 16 (30.8%) patients was treated with ECMO, with 14 (87.5%) infected with the influenza A virus and 12 (75%) receiving oseltamivir ≥48 hours after illness onset. All ECMO patients had pneumonia and required mechanical ventilation, with 14 (87.5%) developing ARDS. The median duration of ECMO support was 9 days. Patients treated with ECMO were significantly younger compared with those not receiving ECMO (P = 0.015). No significant differences were observed in terms of in-hospital mortality between the groups with and without ECMO (68.8% versus 44.4%). Although ECMO is indicated for patients with ARDS who are unresponsive to conventional therapy, early diagnosis and timely initiation of antiviral treatment are essential to prevent progression to ARDS. This study provides comprehensive understanding and management of severe influenza, advocating for standardized treatment protocols and a multidisciplinary approach to enhance patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144999488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Secondary to Miliary Tuberculosis. 军人结核继发急性呼吸窘迫综合征。

IF 1.6 4区医学

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.24-0808

Kazuhisa Yokota

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of an Emergency Water Tank Monitoring Program Implemented During Cholera Outbreak in Lusaka, Zambia (2017-2018). 2017-2018年赞比亚卢萨卡霍乱暴发期间实施的紧急水箱监测方案评估。

IF 1.6 4区医学

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.24-0841

Gouthami Rao, Troy Barker, Joan Brunkard, Travis Brown, Sydney Hubbard, Warren Malambo, Graeme Prentice-Mott, Claire Tipton, Nicole Weber, Nyambe Sinyange, Jennifer Murphy

{"title":"Evaluation of an Emergency Water Tank Monitoring Program Implemented During Cholera Outbreak in Lusaka, Zambia (2017-2018).","authors":"Gouthami Rao, Troy Barker, Joan Brunkard, Travis Brown, Sydney Hubbard, Warren Malambo, Graeme Prentice-Mott, Claire Tipton, Nicole Weber, Nyambe Sinyange, Jennifer Murphy","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.24-0841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.24-0841","url":null,"abstract":"Access to safely managed drinking water is critical for preventing the spread of cholera. In October 2017, a cholera outbreak was declared in Lusaka, Zambia. As a part of response efforts, emergency water tanks were installed across Lusaka to supply treated water to community members. An emergency water tank monitoring program was implemented for more than 4 months to routinely assess tank conditions and measure free chlorine residual (FCR) levels in the tanks. More than 9,700 tank visits were conducted across 281 tanks. Tanks were empty at 23% of visits, leaking at 14% of visits, and had broken or missing parts at 20% of visits; these conditions were absent at 61% of visits. A key finding was that 87% (n = 6,455) of FCR measurements met the target level (FCR ≥1.0 mg/L); tanks with FCR <1.0 mg/L were reported in real time to water utility and public health officials for corrective action. A survival analysis model was developed to assess the associations between low FCR events (<1.0 mg/L) and broken or missing parts and empty tanks. A significant increase in the probability of a low FCR event (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.19-1.95) and tank emptiness (HR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.08-1.79) was found after the observations of broken or missing parts (the median time to event was 3 days). A significant decrease in low FCR levels (HR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.70-0.98) was also found after leakage. These results highlight the importance of systematic tank monitoring to ensure that treated water reaches community members during cholera outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144999401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics among Young Children Hospitalized in Sierra Leone. 塞拉利昂住院儿童呼吸道合胞病毒流行病学及临床特征

IF 1.6 4区医学

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.24-0845

Foday U Turay, Robert J Samuels, Gustavo Amorim, Donald S Grant, Natasha B Halasa, John S Schieffelin, Troy D Moon

{"title":"Respiratory Syncytial Virus Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics among Young Children Hospitalized in Sierra Leone.","authors":"Foday U Turay, Robert J Samuels, Gustavo Amorim, Donald S Grant, Natasha B Halasa, John S Schieffelin, Troy D Moon","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.24-0845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.24-0845","url":null,"abstract":"Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children under 5 years of age, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of the current study is to investigate the prevalence and clinical features of RSV disease in hospitalized infants in Sierra Leone. A prospective study was conducted on children under 2 years of age who were hospitalized at Kenema Government Hospital between October 1, 2020, and January 31, 2023. A total of 912 children participated in the study, with 147 (22.8%) testing positive for RSV of 644 (70.6%) who tested positive for at least one virus. During the rainy seasons of 2021 and 2022 (May to November), a surge in RSV cases was observed, particularly those attributed to RSV-A. Conversely, during the dry season (December to April), RSV activity was relatively lower. Respiratory syncytial virus B was significantly associated with a higher disease severity score and increased likelihood of requiring oxygen therapy or referral to the intensive care unit (ICU). Younger children infected with RSV were significantly more likely to require oxygen therapy or referral to the ICU and exhibit higher severity scores. In conclusion, the current study provides valuable insights into the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of RSV in hospitalized children under 2 years of age in Sierra Leone. These findings highlight the need for continuous surveillance and monitoring of RSV infections, especially during peak and transitional seasons, to inform public health interventions and reduce the burden of RSV on children's health.","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144999478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biliary Ascariasis in a Patient with Choledochoduodenal Fistula. 胆总管十二指肠瘘患者胆道蛔虫病1例。

IF 1.6 4区医学

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.25-0429

Ravi Teja Reddy, Venkatesh Vaithiyam, Sanjeev Sachdeva

引用次数: 0

Giardiasis and Eosinophilia in Outpatients with Gastrointestinal Symptoms: A Case Series. 有胃肠道症状的门诊患者的贾第虫病和嗜酸性粒细胞增多：一个病例系列。

IF 1.6 4区医学

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.24-0855

Laura Niño-Puerto, Belén Vicente, Josué Pendones Ulerio, Hugo Rodrigues Almeida, Antonio Muro, Juan Luis Muñoz Bellido, Moncef Belhassen-García

引用次数: 0

Severe Iron-Deficiency Anemia due to Hookworm Hyperinfestation. 钩虫过度侵袭引起的严重缺铁性贫血。

IF 1.6 4区医学

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.25-0284

Ravi Teja Reddy, Venkatesh Vaithiyam, Sanjeev Sachdeva

引用次数: 0

Dengue Virus Infection in Pregnancy during the 2023 and 2024 Dengue Outbreaks in Peru: A Retrospective Review in a Tertiary Referral Center. 2023年和2024年秘鲁登革热暴发期间妊娠期登革热病毒感染：三级转诊中心的回顾性研究

IF 1.6 4区医学

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.25-0228

Natalia Nombera-Aznaran, David Guevara-Lazo, Victor Llontop-Silva, Katherin Córdova-Suárez, Javier Mariano Astudillo Gonzáles Del Valle, José A Gonzales-Zamora

{"title":"Dengue Virus Infection in Pregnancy during the 2023 and 2024 Dengue Outbreaks in Peru: A Retrospective Review in a Tertiary Referral Center.","authors":"Natalia Nombera-Aznaran, David Guevara-Lazo, Victor Llontop-Silva, Katherin Córdova-Suárez, Javier Mariano Astudillo Gonzáles Del Valle, José A Gonzales-Zamora","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.25-0228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.25-0228","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue, a major mosquito-borne viral disease, represents a public health threat in tropical regions. Its impact on pregnancy remains unclear, with limited data on maternal and perinatal outcomes. To describe the clinical, demographic, laboratory, and management characteristics of dengue during pregnancy, we conducted a retrospective review of medical records. We included adult pregnant women with confirmed dengue infection admitted to a referral hospital in Peru from March 2023 to July 2024. Cases were classified using the WHO criteria. Fifty-four cases were identified, of which 63% had dengue without warning signs, 35% had warning signs, and 2% had severe dengue. The mean age was 28 ± 7 years old. On admission, fever was the most common symptom (96%) followed by headache (67%) and abdominal pain (63%). Most women (92%) had lymphopenia, with 40% presenting severe lymphopenia. Anemia was found in 24% of cases. Most patients had normal platelet counts (83%) and normal transaminases (77%). Leukopenia and leukocytosis were present in 34% and 17% of patients, respectively. The mean length of hospitalization was 6 ± 2 days, with five patients requiring intensive care unit admission. Reported complications included pleural effusion, ascites, and pericardial effusion. Regarding obstetric outcomes, seven cases of miscarriage and three premature births were reported. In our study, dengue in pregnancy frequently presented with warning signs; however, most patients did not progress to severe dengue. The miscarriage rate during the index hospitalization and the occurrence of preterm birth highlight the potential risks of dengue in this population.","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144939249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optic Nerve Edema and Retrobulbar Optic Neuritis Cases Associated with Jamestown Canyon Virus in Wisconsin and Michigan. 威斯康辛州和密歇根州詹姆斯敦峡谷病毒相关视神经水肿和球后视神经炎病例

IF 1.6 4区医学

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.24-0764

John P Mitchell, Desirae Schuh, Asha Okorie

{"title":"Optic Nerve Edema and Retrobulbar Optic Neuritis Cases Associated with Jamestown Canyon Virus in Wisconsin and Michigan.","authors":"John P Mitchell, Desirae Schuh, Asha Okorie","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.24-0764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.24-0764","url":null,"abstract":"Three adult patients with unilateral optic neuropathy, seropositive for Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV) IgM and acute infection, experienced acute unilateral vision loss. Two cases had swollen optic nerves with vision loss in a pattern suggestive of papillitis, whereas the third had retrobulbar optic neuritis. All presented with vision loss rather than typical meningoencephalitis symptoms (e.g., nuchal rigidity, photophobia, and headache). Case 1 had 20/20 vision (right/left), relative afferent pupillary defect (left), and marked optic disc edema. Perimetry revealed an increased blind spot. Final visual acuity was bilaterally 20/20. Case 2 had 20/100 (right) and 20/20 (left) vision. Within 15 days, the right eye had hand-motion vision. The optic nerves were flat. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and orbits revealed that the right optic nerve had intrinsic T2 signal increase in the distal intraorbital segment and intracanalicular nerve and appeared slightly swollen. Findings were consistent with mild or resolving right optic neuritis. The cerebrospinal fluid JCV IgM antibody reflex tests were presumptive JCV. Case 3 presented with headache and left retrobulbar eye pain. Vision was 20/15 (right) and 20/30 (left). The left optic nerve was severely edematous. Magnetic resonance imaging of orbit revealed mild bulging and enhancement of the left optic nerve. The Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene and the CDC found that the JCV IgM antibody was elevated and positive in all three patients. Workup for alternative etiologies of papillitis and optic neuritis were negative. It is, therefore, possible that JCV may have been the cause of optic neuropathies.","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144939228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0