American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene最新文献_第5页

Packaging and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Amoxicillin Capsules from Nablus, Palestine. 巴勒斯坦纳布卢斯产阿莫西林胶囊的包装及高效液相色谱分析。

IF 1.9 4区医学

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.24-0198

Huda Hashash, Timothy Johann

{"title":"Packaging and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Amoxicillin Capsules from Nablus, Palestine.","authors":"Huda Hashash, Timothy Johann","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.24-0198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.24-0198","url":null,"abstract":"The global rise in antibiotic consumption, along with the prevalence of substandard and falsified (SF) antibiotics, raises concerns about the quality of these important medicines. Additionally, the accessibility of antibiotics without a prescription and insufficient regulatory oversight in many lower- to middle-income countries exacerbate the issue. In particular, there is limited published research on antibiotic quality testing in the Middle East, and more specifically in Palestine. In this study, covert shoppers collected 59 samples of amoxicillin capsules with dosages of 500 mg from Nablus, Palestine, during August 2022. None of the pharmacies or clinics visited requested a prescription from the covert shoppers, despite the fact that all the boxes, when boxes were provided, were labeled as prescription-only medicines. Five different brands, representing 15 unique lot numbers, were collected from 31 locations. All capsules were packaged in their original blister packs, with 10.2% of those packs torn and 27.1% of the dosage forms having visible powder outside the capsule. All of the blister packs were clearly labeled with the lot number, expiry date, brand name, active pharmaceutical ingredient name, dosage, and manufacturer. The samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography according to a modified United States Pharmacopeia method. The results indicated that all samples met the standard of containing 90-120% of the stated dose of amoxicillin, with an average dosage and standard deviation of 488 mg and 25 mg, respectively. This SF rate is much lower than that found in most published studies of antibiotics in the Middle East.","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clinical Trial Sites and Malaria Incidence Mismatch. 临床试验地点和疟疾发病率不匹配。

IF 1.9 4区医学

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.25-0142

Siddharth Brahmbhatt, Mukul Jain, Nilima Kshirsagar

引用次数: 0

Psoas Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis. 脊柱结核中的腰肌脓肿。

IF 1.9 4区医学

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.25-0088

Raktim Swarnakar, Shiv Lal Yadav

引用次数: 0

Ecologic Risk Factors for Infestation of Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. in a Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever-Endemic Area of Eastern Arizona. 亚利桑那州东部落基山斑疹热流行区血根头蝇感染的生态危险因素分析。

IF 1.9 4区医学

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.24-0485

Maureen K Brophy, Naomi A Drexler, Nathan E Stone, Joseph D Busch, Rebecca Ballard, Reanna M Bourgeois, Grant L Pemberton, Christopher D Paddock, Kalanthe Horiuchi, Brad J Biggerstaff, Bessie H Blocher, Gilbert J Kersh, Harty Bendle, David M Wagner, William L Nicholson, Johanna S Salzer

{"title":"Ecologic Risk Factors for Infestation of Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. in a Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever-Endemic Area of Eastern Arizona.","authors":"Maureen K Brophy, Naomi A Drexler, Nathan E Stone, Joseph D Busch, Rebecca Ballard, Reanna M Bourgeois, Grant L Pemberton, Christopher D Paddock, Kalanthe Horiuchi, Brad J Biggerstaff, Bessie H Blocher, Gilbert J Kersh, Harty Bendle, David M Wagner, William L Nicholson, Johanna S Salzer","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.24-0485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.24-0485","url":null,"abstract":"Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a deadly tick-borne disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii. An ongoing epidemic of RMSF is affecting tribal communities in Arizona, with nearly 500 cases and 28 deaths since 2003. The San Carlos Apache Tribe has been consistently working to prevent RMSF using tick collars on dogs, pesticide treatments around homes, and increasing education for nearly a decade. Besides monitoring human disease levels and tick burden on dogs, we have little understanding of the long-term impact of prevention practices on tick abundance and infection rates in the peridomestic environment. We evaluated risk factors associated for tick infestation at home sites across the San Carlos Indian Reservation as well as R. rickettsii and Rickettsia massiliae prevalence in off-host ticks. Although the presence of fencing appears protective, the number of nearby structures is the most important risk factor associated with increased adult and nymphal tick abundance, highlighting the impact of a free-roaming dog population.","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization of Malaria Outbreak in Marsabit County, Kenya, March 2024. 2024年3月肯尼亚马萨比特县疟疾暴发特征分析

IF 1.9 4区医学

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.24-0681

Peter Wachira Muguku, Fredrick Odhiambo, James Sang, Emmanuel Sigei, Lydia Khalayi, Ahmed M Abade

{"title":"Characterization of Malaria Outbreak in Marsabit County, Kenya, March 2024.","authors":"Peter Wachira Muguku, Fredrick Odhiambo, James Sang, Emmanuel Sigei, Lydia Khalayi, Ahmed M Abade","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.24-0681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.24-0681","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria epidemiology in Kenya is heterogeneous because of geographic and climatic differences. Semi-arid and arid zones are prone to seasonal increases in malaria cases above expected levels after rainy seasons, leading to malaria outbreaks. In November 2023, Marsabit County experienced a 155% increase in rainfall above its monthly average. The malaria surveillance system detected a 345% increase in cases, rising from 210 during Epiweek 1 to Epiweek 6 of the previous year to 934 in 2024. An outbreak investigation was conducted to guide prevention and control efforts. We reviewed routine surveillance data from December 2023 to February 2024, abstracted data from 12 facilities that surpassed action thresholds (5-year weekly median + third quantile), conducted data quality assessments, and conducted two community-focused group discussions. The data were analyzed as frequencies and proportions. Of the 757 malaria cases abstracted, the median age was 17 years (interquartile range: 10-28 years), with 227 cases (30.0%) in individuals aged 10-20 years. Males accounted for 424 cases (56.0%), 421 cases (55.6%) were tested using Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum)-specific rapid diagnostic tests, and 44.4% were tested using microscopy. Among the cases identified via microscopy tests, 94.9% involved P. falciparum, 2.7% involved Plasmodium vivax, and 2.4% involved Plasmodium ovale. There were 90 cases (11.9%) of severe malaria and three deaths. The reporting accuracy was 90% for a third of the facilities, and the completeness of monthly summaries was 39%. Potential exposures reported by the community included proximity to a national park, proximity to stagnant water, and sleeping outside during herding. The outbreak was predominantly due to P. falciparum malaria but also involved non-falciparum malaria, with most cases occurring in males aged 10-20 years. We recommend the continuous monitoring of malaria species to improve malaria surveillance.","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices toward Chagas Disease: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Bolivians in the Gran Chaco and Latin American Migrants in London. 对恰加斯病的知识、态度和实践：对大查科玻利维亚人和伦敦拉丁美洲移民的横断面调查。

IF 1.9 4区医学

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.24-0516

María Del Carmen Díez Hernández, Natalie Elkheir, Temitope Fisayo, Raquel Gonçalves, Edson Grover Sañer Liendo, Caryn Bern, David A J Moore

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices toward Chagas Disease: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Bolivians in the Gran Chaco and Latin American Migrants in London.","authors":"María Del Carmen Díez Hernández, Natalie Elkheir, Temitope Fisayo, Raquel Gonçalves, Edson Grover Sañer Liendo, Caryn Bern, David A J Moore","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.24-0516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.24-0516","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the at-risk population's perception of Chagas disease is essential for its effective prevention and control. A cross-sectional survey of knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward Chagas disease was conducted with Bolivians in a highly endemic region of Bolivia and Latin American migrants in London. In total, 175 participants completed the survey: 100 Bolivians in a highly endemic village in Santa Cruz, Bolivia and 75 Latin American migrants in London (of whom 31 were from Bolivia). All participants from the endemic village and all Bolivian migrants in London knew of Chagas disease, whereas only 25% of other Latin American migrants had heard of it (P <0.001). In London, Bolivians had more knowledge of Chagas disease than those from other Chagas-endemic countries. In Bolivia only, better understanding of Chagas disease was associated with educational attainment. Only 4% of participants overall were aware of the risk of vertical transmission. Few Latin American migrants in London had previously been tested for Chagas disease, and most were not aware of how to access testing. Migration and level of endemicity may shape individuals' understanding of as well as attitudes and practices toward Chagas disease. A better understanding of these factors can guide effective prevention and control program development in both endemic and non-endemic settings.","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chagas Meningoencephalitis Diagnosed in Heart Transplant Patient Using Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing of Cerebrospinal Fluid. 利用新一代脑脊液宏基因组测序诊断心脏移植患者的恰加斯脑膜脑炎。

IF 1.9 4区医学

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.24-0553

Jill Teitelbaum, Shivank Madan, Snehal Patel, Christina Coyle, Charles Y Chiu, Phyu M Thwe, Mayuko Uehara, Rita Jermyn, Vagish Hemmige

引用次数: 0

Enhancing Primaquine Adherence for Plasmodium vivax Malaria: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial in Myanmar. 增强伯氨喹对间日疟原虫疟疾的依从性：缅甸的一项集群随机对照试验。

IF 1.9 4区医学

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.24-0814

Kyawt Mon Win, Pyae Linn Aung, Nay Yi Yi Linn, Zau Ring, Myat Phone Kyaw, Wang Nguitragool, Liwang Cui, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Saranath Lawpoolsri

{"title":"Enhancing Primaquine Adherence for Plasmodium vivax Malaria: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial in Myanmar.","authors":"Kyawt Mon Win, Pyae Linn Aung, Nay Yi Yi Linn, Zau Ring, Myat Phone Kyaw, Wang Nguitragool, Liwang Cui, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Saranath Lawpoolsri","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.24-0814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.24-0814","url":null,"abstract":"The rising prevalence of Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) malaria challenges elimination efforts, particularly in the Greater Mekong Subregion, although adherence to the required 14-day primaquine (PQ) regimen remains a major obstacle. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a family-administered, directly observed treatment intervention in improving adherence to PQ among patients with confirmed P. vivax from October 2022 to March 2023. A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted in five intervention villages and five control villages in Kachin State, Myanmar. A total of 427 patients in the intervention group (supervised dosing) and 425 patients in the control group (unsupervised dosing), all diagnosed with P. vivax, underwent a 14-day PQ regimen, with the intervention group being supervised by trained family members. Pill counts on day 14 were assessed and compared between the two groups using Poisson generalized linear mixed models. Parasite reappearance identified by polymerase chain reaction was compared between the two groups using survival analysis. Cumulative malaria incidence at baseline, as well as at months 6 and 12, was compared between the two groups. Treatment adherence was significantly higher in the intervention group (98.8%) compared with the control group (77.6%). Parasite reappearance rates were similar between the groups (P = 0.20) on days 14, 28, and 42. However, the cumulative incidence of malaria over 1 year was significantly lower in the intervention group (P <0.001) compared with the control group. In malaria-endemic areas with limited resources, a family-administered, directly observed treatment intervention offers an efficient approach to enhance PQ adherence and achieve the radical cure of P. vivax malaria.","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hydatidosis with Atypical Localization: Report of Three Cases and Literature Review. 不典型定位包虫病3例报告并文献复习。

IF 1.9 4区医学

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.24-0704

Sana Kharrat, Mabrouk Bahloul, Nozha Toumi, Sadok Bougharriou, Amina Hadded, Chokri Ben Hamida

引用次数: 0

Imported Cutaneous Larva Migrans: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Aspects Analyzed in a Referral Tropical Medicine Unit in Barcelona. 输入的皮肤幼虫迁移：流行病学，临床和治疗方面分析在转诊热带医学单位在巴塞罗那。

IF 1.9 4区医学

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.24-0856

David López-Neila, Fernando Salvador, Joan Martínez-Campreciós, María Luisa Aznar, Juan Espinosa-Pereiro, Inés Oliveira-Souto, Pau Bosch-Nicolau, Diana Pou, Adrián Sánchez-Montalvá, Núria Serre-Delcor, Begoña Treviño, Israel Molina

{"title":"Imported Cutaneous Larva Migrans: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Aspects Analyzed in a Referral Tropical Medicine Unit in Barcelona.","authors":"David López-Neila, Fernando Salvador, Joan Martínez-Campreciós, María Luisa Aznar, Juan Espinosa-Pereiro, Inés Oliveira-Souto, Pau Bosch-Nicolau, Diana Pou, Adrián Sánchez-Montalvá, Núria Serre-Delcor, Begoña Treviño, Israel Molina","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.24-0856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.24-0856","url":null,"abstract":"Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is a clinical syndrome typically found in tropical and subtropical regions. The objective of the study is to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics of patients with CLM acquired during international travel. This retrospective observational study analyzes CLM cases treated at an international health unit in Spain. Sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment-related data were collected. Overall, 107 cases were diagnosed, 63 (58.9%) of them in women, with a mean age of 32.6 years. Most frequent geographic regions of CLM acquisition were Southeast Asia (38 cases, 35.5%) and South America (28, 26.2%). Patients had a median of one skin lesion (range 1-11) located mainly in the lower extremities (83, 77.6%). Treatment was administered in 105 cases (98.1%), with albendazole used in 88 (83.8%), ivermectin in nine (8.6%), mebendazole in six (5.7%), and two cases lacking drug information (1.9%). Among treated cases, clinical resolution was achieved in 88 (83.8%) patients. Symptoms persisted in 17 (16.2%) cases, and recurrence was observed in 14 (13.3%) cases. A total of 26 (24.8%) patients required re-treatment with either albendazole or ivermectin (61.5% and 38.5%, respectively). The resolution rates for ivermectin, albendazole, and mebendazole were 88.9%, 88.6%, and 0.0%, respectively. CLM is a common syndrome in certain geographic regions and is more frequently diagnosed in international travelers. A thorough epidemiological assessment, along with a detailed medical history and physical examination, facilitates early diagnosis and treatment. Currently, ivermectin and albendazole appear to achieve the highest cure rates with lower recurrence rates.","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0