Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy最新文献

{"title":"Evolution dynamics of spinning binaries in effective-one-body theory to the fifth post-Minkowskian order","authors":"Jiliang Jing,&nbsp;Sheng Long,&nbsp;Weike Deng,&nbsp;Jieci Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11433-026-3067-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-026-3067-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates a self-consistent effective-one-body (EOB) theory developed to describe the dynamics of spinning binary systems. We systematically derive, using field-theoretic principles, all expressions and quantities entering Hamilton’s equations, which govern the dynamical evolution of the system. Based on the effective rotating metric up to fifth post-Minkowskian (PM) order recently obtained by us, we construct the Hamiltonian and the stress-energy tensor. We then derive a decoupled, separable Teukolsky-like equation with a source term for the Newman-Penrose Weyl scalar <i>ψ</i><span>\u0000 ^<i>B</i>₄\u0000 \u0000 </span> and present its formal solution. Finally, using this solution, we obtain the energy flux, radiation-reaction force, and gravitational waveforms for the “plus” and “cross” polarizations generated by spinning binaries. The EOB theory applies to systems with arbitrary mass ratio, which fills the gap between comparable mass ratios and extreme mass ratios.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"69 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149034824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissipation-enhanced nonreciprocal optomechanically induced Faraday effect","authors":"Hu-Sen Piao,&nbsp;Tie Wang,&nbsp;Liang Wang,&nbsp;Ying-Jian Zhu,&nbsp;Xuan Wu,&nbsp;Xue Han,&nbsp;Shou Zhang,&nbsp;Hong-Fu Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11433-026-3055-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-026-3055-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We propose a scheme for dissipation-enhanced nonreciprocal optomechanically induced Faraday (OMIF) effect in a dual-cavity optomechanical system, in which a main optical cavity hosting a mechanical breathing mode is coupled to an auxiliary cavity containing a <i>χ</i>⁽²⁾ nonlinear medium. Conventional OMIF mandates strict pump resonance with the mechanical red sideband to achieve quantum interference between anti-Stokes and probe fields. We show that this constraint can be circumvented even in the non-red-sideband regime via tunneling-coupling-induced mode splitting and engineering the cavity linewidth to boost scattering probability, thereby overcoming the weak-pump limitation. A directional optical parametric amplifier further enables efficient Lorentz reciprocity violation. Our approach establishes a versatile platform for chip-scale nonreciprocal vector optomechanical devices, such as isolators and circulators-free from the stringent frequency-matching requirements of traditional schemes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"69 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149034924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond backpropagation: Monte Carlo method can train deep neural networks","authors":"Hong Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s11433-026-3076-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-026-3076-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Backpropagation (BP) dominates deep learning training, but its reliance on gradients brings inherent troubles—vanishing and exploding gradients. The pursuit of gradient-free methods has long been a goal in the field of artificial intelligence. This paper shows that indeed the simplest Monte Carlo algorithm implemented on a single GPU—randomly mutate a parameter, keep it if the loss decreases, otherwise retry—can practically train deep networks. This gradient-free method does not even need common techniques such as batch normalization or residual connections to directly train sufficiently deep networks. More remarkably, its flexibility extends to several nontrivial scenarios: it enables pure pruning training, supports discrete weights, accommodates unconventional transfer functions such as Gaussian, and reveals the substantial redundancy of deep networks. We have demonstrated its feasibility on deep networks with more than 20 layers, single-hidden-layer wide networks with up to 16384 hidden neurons, and even a simple Transformer architecture trained on both image classification (MNIST) and character-level language modeling (Tiny Shakespeare). This simple gradient-free method may offer a complementary perspective for understanding the self-organization and learning mechanisms of neural networks, and also provides an alternative route for building physically inspired deep learning systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"69 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11433-026-3076-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical appearance of scalarized Kerr-Newman black holes with multiple light rings","authors":"Yiqian Chen,&nbsp;Li Li,&nbsp;Peng Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11433-026-3059-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-026-3059-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the optical appearance of rotating scalarized Kerr-Newman black holes in the Einstein-Maxwell-scalar theory with exponential coupling. By analyzing equatorial null geodesics, these black holes are classified into six types according to the number and properties of their light rings. Combining slow-rotation analysis with full numerical ray tracing, we investigate images of black holes illuminated by a geometrically and optically thin accretion disk. Unlike the Kerr case, where the image is typically governed by a single outer photon shell and a single critical curve, scalarized Kerr-Newman black holes can develop an additional inner photon shell outside the event horizon. This extra shell gives rise to an inner critical curve inside the usual outer one, which may be absent, partial, or closed depending on the black hole parameters and the observer’s inclination. Moreover, it generates new higher-order images in the region between the two critical curves, some of which exhibit crescentlike morphologies distinct from the nearly circular higher-order images familiar from Kerr black holes. These features enrich the optical appearance of scalarized black holes and could serve as distinctive observational signatures in future high-resolution observations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"69 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149034806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anisotropic particle transport from a pulsar wind nebula revealed by Einstein Probe and LHAASO","authors":"Zhen Cao,&nbsp;F. Aharonian,&nbsp;Y. X. Bai,&nbsp;Y. W. Bao,&nbsp;D. Bastieri,&nbsp;X. J. Bi,&nbsp;Y. J. Bi,&nbsp;W. Bian,&nbsp;J. Blunier,&nbsp;A. V. Bukevich,&nbsp;C. M. Cai,&nbsp;W. Y. Cao,&nbsp;Zhe Cao,&nbsp;J. Chang,&nbsp;J. F. Chang,&nbsp;E. S. Chen,&nbsp;G. H. Chen,&nbsp;H. K. Chen,&nbsp;L. F. Chen,&nbsp;Liang Chen,&nbsp;Long Chen,&nbsp;M. J. Chen,&nbsp;M. L. Chen,&nbsp;Q. H. Chen,&nbsp;S. Chen,&nbsp;S. H. Chen,&nbsp;S. Z. Chen,&nbsp;T. L. Chen,&nbsp;X. B. Chen,&nbsp;X. J. Chen,&nbsp;X. P. Chen,&nbsp;Yang Chen,&nbsp;Yong Chen,&nbsp;N. Cheng,&nbsp;Q. Y. Cheng,&nbsp;Y. D. Cheng,&nbsp;Y. H. Chi,&nbsp;M. Y. Cui,&nbsp;S. W. Cui,&nbsp;X. H. Cui,&nbsp;Y. D. Cui,&nbsp;B. Z. Dai,&nbsp;H. L. Dai,&nbsp;L. X. Dai,&nbsp;Z. G. Dai,&nbsp;Luobu Danzeng,&nbsp;Y. X. Diao,&nbsp;A. J. Dong,&nbsp;X. D. Duan,&nbsp;J. H. Fan,&nbsp;Y. Z. Fan,&nbsp;J. Fang,&nbsp;J. H. Fang,&nbsp;K. Fang,&nbsp;C. F. Feng,&nbsp;H. Feng,&nbsp;L. Feng,&nbsp;S. H. Feng,&nbsp;X. T. Feng,&nbsp;Y. Feng,&nbsp;Y. L. Feng,&nbsp;S. Gabici,&nbsp;B. Gao,&nbsp;Q. Gao,&nbsp;W. Gao,&nbsp;C. Ge,&nbsp;M. M. Ge,&nbsp;T. T. Ge,&nbsp;L. S. Geng,&nbsp;G. Giacinti,&nbsp;G. H. Gong,&nbsp;Q. B. Gou,&nbsp;M. H. Gu,&nbsp;W. M. Gu,&nbsp;F. L. Guo,&nbsp;J. Guo,&nbsp;K. J. Guo,&nbsp;X. L. Guo,&nbsp;Y. Q. Guo,&nbsp;R. P. Han,&nbsp;O. A. Hannuksela,&nbsp;M. Hasan,&nbsp;H. H. He,&nbsp;H. N. He,&nbsp;J. Y. He,&nbsp;X. Y. He,&nbsp;Y. He,&nbsp;S. Hernández-Cadena,&nbsp;C. Hou,&nbsp;X. Hou,&nbsp;H. B. Hu,&nbsp;S. C. Hu,&nbsp;D. H. Huang,&nbsp;F. Huang,&nbsp;J. J. Huang,&nbsp;X. L. Huang,&nbsp;X. T. Huang,&nbsp;X. Y. Huang,&nbsp;Y. Huang,&nbsp;Z. J. Huang,&nbsp;A. Inventar,&nbsp;X. L. Ji,&nbsp;H. Y. Jia,&nbsp;K. Jia,&nbsp;S. M. Jia,&nbsp;H. B. Jiang,&nbsp;K. Jiang,&nbsp;X. W. Jiang,&nbsp;Z. J. Jiang,&nbsp;C. C. Jin,&nbsp;M. Jin,&nbsp;S. Kaci,&nbsp;M. M. Kang,&nbsp;I. Karpikov,&nbsp;D. Khangulyan,&nbsp;D. Kuleshov,&nbsp;K. Kurinov,&nbsp;W. H. Lei,&nbsp;Cheng Li,&nbsp;C. K. Li,&nbsp;Cong Li,&nbsp;D. Li,&nbsp;F. Li,&nbsp;H. B. Li,&nbsp;H. C. Li,&nbsp;Jian Li,&nbsp;Jie Li,&nbsp;K. Li,&nbsp;L. Li,&nbsp;R. L. Li,&nbsp;T. Y. Li,&nbsp;W. L. Li,&nbsp;X. R. Li,&nbsp;X. Y. Li,&nbsp;Y. Li,&nbsp;Zhe Li,&nbsp;Zhuo Li,&nbsp;E. W. Liang,&nbsp;Y. F. Liang,&nbsp;S. J. Lin,&nbsp;B. Liu,&nbsp;C. Liu,&nbsp;D. Liu,&nbsp;D. B. Liu,&nbsp;H. Liu,&nbsp;J. Liu,&nbsp;J. L. Liu,&nbsp;J. R. Liu,&nbsp;M. Y. Liu,&nbsp;Q. Liu,&nbsp;R. Y. Liu,&nbsp;S. M. Liu,&nbsp;T. Liu,&nbsp;W. Liu,&nbsp;Y. Liu,&nbsp;Y. Liu,&nbsp;Yuan Liu,&nbsp;Y. N. Liu,&nbsp;Y. Q. Lou,&nbsp;Q. Luo,&nbsp;Y. Luo,&nbsp;H. K. Lyu,&nbsp;B. Q. Ma,&nbsp;L. L. Ma,&nbsp;X. H. Ma,&nbsp;I. O. Maliy,&nbsp;J. R. Mao,&nbsp;Z. Min,&nbsp;W. Mitthumsiri,&nbsp;Y. Mizuno,&nbsp;G. B. Mou,&nbsp;A. Neronov,&nbsp;C.-Y. Ng,&nbsp;K. C. Y. Ng,&nbsp;M. Y. Ni,&nbsp;L. Nie,&nbsp;L. J. Ou,&nbsp;Z. W. Ou,&nbsp;H. W. Pan,&nbsp;P. Pattarakijwanich,&nbsp;Z. Y. Pei,&nbsp;D. Y. Peng,&nbsp;J. C. Qi,&nbsp;M. Y. Qi,&nbsp;J. J. Qin,&nbsp;H. Qu,&nbsp;A. Raza,&nbsp;C. Y. Ren,&nbsp;M. Q. Ruan,&nbsp;D. Ruffolo,&nbsp;A. Sáiz,&nbsp;D. Savchenko,&nbsp;D. Semikoz,&nbsp;L. Shao,&nbsp;O. Shchegolev,&nbsp;Y. Z. Shen,&nbsp;X. D. Sheng,&nbsp;F. W. Shu,&nbsp;H. C. Song,&nbsp;Y. V. Stenkin,&nbsp;Y. Su,&nbsp;C. Y. Sun,&nbsp;D. X. Sun,&nbsp;H. Sun,&nbsp;J. X. Sun,&nbsp;M. Sun,&nbsp;Q. N. Sun,&nbsp;X. N. Sun,&nbsp;Z. B. Sun,&nbsp;N. H. Tabasam,&nbsp;J. Takata,&nbsp;P. H. T. Tam,&nbsp;H. B. Tan,&nbsp;Q. W. Tang,&nbsp;R. Tang,&nbsp;Z. B. Tang,&nbsp;L. Tao,&nbsp;W. W. Tian,&nbsp;C. N. Tong,&nbsp;L. H. Wan,&nbsp;C. Wang,&nbsp;D. H. Wang,&nbsp;G. W. Wang,&nbsp;H. G. Wang,&nbsp;J. C. Wang,&nbsp;J. F. Wang,&nbsp;J. S. Wang,&nbsp;K. Wang,&nbsp;Kai Wang,&nbsp;Kai Wang,&nbsp;L. P. Wang,&nbsp;L. Y. Wang,&nbsp;W. Wang,&nbsp;X. G. Wang,&nbsp;X. J. Wang,&nbsp;X. Y. Wang,&nbsp;Y. Wang,&nbsp;Y. D. Wang,&nbsp;Z. H. Wang,&nbsp;Z. X. Wang,&nbsp;Zheng Wang,&nbsp;D. M. Wei,&nbsp;J. J. Wei,&nbsp;Y. J. Wei,&nbsp;T. Wen,&nbsp;S. S. Weng,&nbsp;C. Y. Wu,&nbsp;H. R. Wu,&nbsp;Q. W. Wu,&nbsp;S. Wu,&nbsp;X. F. Wu,&nbsp;Y. S. Wu,&nbsp;S. Q. Xi,&nbsp;J. Xia,&nbsp;G. M. Xiang,&nbsp;D. X. Xiao,&nbsp;G. Xiao,&nbsp;Y. F. Xiao,&nbsp;B. H. Xie,&nbsp;F. Xie,&nbsp;Y. L. Xin,&nbsp;H. D. Xing,&nbsp;Y. Xing,&nbsp;D. R. Xiong,&nbsp;B. N. Xu,&nbsp;C. Y. Xu,&nbsp;D. L. Xu,&nbsp;R. X. Xu,&nbsp;S. S. Xu,&nbsp;L. Xue,&nbsp;D. H. Yan,&nbsp;T. Yan,&nbsp;C. Yang,&nbsp;C. Y. Yang,&nbsp;F. F. Yang,&nbsp;L. L. Yang,&nbsp;M. J. Yang,&nbsp;R. Z. Yang,&nbsp;W. X. Yang,&nbsp;Z. H. Yang,&nbsp;Z. G. Yao,&nbsp;X. A. Ye,&nbsp;L. Q. Yin,&nbsp;N. Yin,&nbsp;X. H. You,&nbsp;Z. Y. You,&nbsp;Y. H. Yu,&nbsp;Q. Yuan,&nbsp;W. M. Yuan,&nbsp;H. Yue,&nbsp;H. D. Zeng,&nbsp;T. X. Zeng,&nbsp;W. Zeng,&nbsp;X. T. Zeng,&nbsp;M. Zha,&nbsp;B. Zhang,&nbsp;B. B. Zhang,&nbsp;B. T. Zhang,&nbsp;C. Zhang,&nbsp;H. Zhang,&nbsp;H. M. Zhang,&nbsp;H. Y. Zhang,&nbsp;J. Zhang,&nbsp;J. L. Zhang,&nbsp;J. Y. Zhang,&nbsp;L. Y. Zhang,&nbsp;Li Zhang,&nbsp;P. F. Zhang,&nbsp;R. Zhang,&nbsp;R. Y. Zhang,&nbsp;S. R. Zhang,&nbsp;S. S. Zhang,&nbsp;S. Y. Zhang,&nbsp;W. Zhang,&nbsp;X. Zhang,&nbsp;X. L. Zhang,&nbsp;X.P. Zhang,&nbsp;Yi Zhang,&nbsp;Yong Zhang,&nbsp;Z. P. Zhang,&nbsp;H. S. Zhao,&nbsp;J. Zhao,&nbsp;L. Zhao,&nbsp;L. Z. Zhao,&nbsp;X. H. Zhao,&nbsp;F. Zheng,&nbsp;T. C. Zheng,&nbsp;B. Zhou,&nbsp;H. Zhou,&nbsp;J. N. Zhou,&nbsp;L. Zhou,&nbsp;M. Zhou,&nbsp;P. Zhou,&nbsp;R. Zhou,&nbsp;X. X. Zhou,&nbsp;X. X. Zhou,&nbsp;B. Y. Zhu,&nbsp;C. G. Zhu,&nbsp;F. R. Zhu,&nbsp;H. Zhu,&nbsp;K. J. Zhu,&nbsp;Y. F. Zhu,&nbsp;Z. F. Zhu,&nbsp;Y. C. Zou,&nbsp;X. Zuo","doi":"10.1007/s11433-026-3098-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-026-3098-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are major cosmic ray accelerators, yet the mechanisms transporting high-energy particles into the interstellar medium remain elusive. Building on the LHAASO discovery of an ultra-high-energy (UHE) <i>γ</i>-ray source near the bow-shock PWN powered by the pulsar PSR J1740+1000, we present a joint Einstein Probe (EP) and LHAASO study of this system. EP observations reveal an extended X-ray tail far exceeding the structure previously seen by XMM-Newton. Updated LHAASO observations show that the <i>γ</i>-ray emission is elongated, with its major axis aligned with the extended X-ray tail revealed by EP. This is the first detection of an X-ray pulsar tail associated with a spatially coincident extended UHE <i>γ</i>-ray emission. The X-ray and <i>γ</i>-ray spectrum can be well explained with a single population of relativistic electrons via synchrotron and inverse Compton radiation, respectively, removing the need for particle re-acceleration during propagation. The results unambiguously show that electrons/positrons above 100 TeV are escaping from the PWN. Instead of the immediate, isotropic diffusion into ambient interstellar medium that is typically assumed, these particles are transported anisotropically over at least ∼10 pc, either guided by the background magnetic field or carried by an advective outflow.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"69 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149034804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strongly tilted potential induced fractional quantized-drift in non-interacting system","authors":"Bo Zhu,&nbsp;Zhi Tan,&nbsp;Huilin Gong,&nbsp;Honghua Zhong,&nbsp;Xin-You Lü,&nbsp;Xiaoguang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11433-026-3049-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-026-3049-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fractional quantized response appears to be a distinctive characteristic of interacting topological systems. Here, we discover a novel phenomenon of fractional quantized drift induced by introducing a tilted potential in a non-interacting system with a time-modulated superlattice, where strong tilt strength can simultaneously induce Rabi oscillations between adjacent lowest energy bands via Landau-Zener tunneling and enable uniform sampling of all momenta across all energy bands involved in the Rabi oscillations via Bloch oscillations. The interplay between interband Rabi and Bloch oscillations can induce a fractional one-cycle-averaged drift displacement of wavepacket evolution in real space, which is related to the ratio of the sum of Chern numbers of multiple bands to the number of energy bands involved in Landau-Zener tunneling. As representative examples, we achieve fractional (1/3, 1/2) quantized drift solely by adjusting the lattice period. The numerical simulations allow us to consider a realistic setup amenable to an experimental realization. Our findings will expand the research implications of both fractional quantized responses and topological materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"69 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149034803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First observational evidence for split infall flow of cosmic filaments into clusters","authors":"Ji Yao,&nbsp;Huanyuan Shan,&nbsp;Pengjie Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaohu Yang,&nbsp;Jiale Zhou,&nbsp;Jiaxin Han,&nbsp;Peng Wang,&nbsp;Haojie Xu","doi":"10.1007/s11433-026-3054-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-026-3054-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Velocity fields in the cosmic web are fundamental to structure formation but remain difficult to observe directly beyond the linear regime. Here, we present observational evidence that galaxy filaments connecting pairs of galaxy clusters undergo a split infall, with opposite velocity flows toward the two clusters. Using spectroscopic galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we isolate the internal filament velocity field by subtracting its rigid-body background motion and Hubble flow, and detect this effect at a significance greater than 5<i>σ</i> across a wide range of cluster and filament selections. The measured velocity profile exhibits a sign reversal near the filament midpoint and a maximum infall amplitude of ∼30 km/s (∼20 km/s projected onto the line-of-sight) for clusters of mass ∼10^14.3<i>M</i>_⊙, substantially lower than expected for infall from an average cosmic environment. Multiple results on density-velocity correlation, mass-dependency, and validation with simulations indicate that filaments dynamically respond to competing gravitational potentials rather than acting as passive mass transport channels. Our results establish a new observational window on quasi-linear velocity fields in the cosmic web and provide a promising probe of mass measurement, testing gravity and velocity reconstruction with upcoming wide-field spectroscopic surveys.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"69 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149034888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substructure grooming of inclusive and photon-tagged jets in heavy-ion collisions","authors":"Sa Wang,&nbsp;Shuang Li,&nbsp;Jin-Wen Kang,&nbsp;Ben-Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Enke Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11433-026-3057-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-026-3057-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Jet substructure provides a powerful probe of partonic interactions within the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in heavy-ion collisions. In this paper, we present a systematic theoretical study of the groomed substructures for both inclusive jets and photon-tagged jets (<i>γ</i>+jets) utilizing the dynamical and soft-drop grooming algorithms in PbPb collisions by employing the SHELL transport model. Our theoretical calculations exhibit a suppression at high <i>k</i>_T,g, the relative transverse momentum between the two subjets in the groomed substructure, consistent with the recent ALICE measurements. We show that the suppression of high <i>k</i>_T,g arises from the combined effects of the reduction of the subleading subjet transverse momentum due to partonic energy loss and the narrowing of the groomed jet radius <i>R</i>_<i>g</i> induced by selection bias. Our findings demonstrate that no enhancement is observed at high <i>k</i>_T,g, even in the complete absence of selection bias. Furthermore, we propose that the broadening of <i>R</i>_<i>g</i> in photon-tagged jets, which are less susceptible to selection bias compared to inclusive jets, provides relatively direct evidence of the jet substructure broadening. Our analysis reveals that the <i>R</i>_<i>g</i> broadening becomes more pronounced as the jet radius increases, where the medium-induced gluon radiation plays a dominant role in driving such broadening. In particular, we find that as the jet radius increases, the Soft Drop grooming algorithm exhibits a better resolving power for the contribution of the medium response to the jet substructure broadening.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"69 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149034805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing the escape of extreme particles from a pulsar wind nebula","authors":"Gabriele Ponti,&nbsp;Heshou Zhang,&nbsp;Giulia Brunelli","doi":"10.1007/s11433-026-3118-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-026-3118-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"69 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149034889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-dimensional disordered hyperuniform metamaterials for acoustic transparency based on invertible neural networks","authors":"Jiacheng Liu,&nbsp;An Chen,&nbsp;Yifei Xia,&nbsp;Weijie Qiu,&nbsp;Jing Yang,&nbsp;Bin Liang,&nbsp;Jianchun Cheng","doi":"10.1007/s11433-026-3069-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-026-3069-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Disordered hyperuniform (DH) media, marrying multiple random scattering with periodic-like macroscopic isotropy, have recently attracted broad interest in acoustic wave control, with the structure factor (SF) serving as a crucial indicator of media transmission characteristics. However, current DH wave manipulation methods are limited to spatial dimensions and fail to address the influence of the scattering characteristic (SC), which induces local-resonance bandgap and thus causes inconsistencies in acoustic transmittance compared with reality. Here, we propose and experimentally validate multi-dimensional disordered hyperuniform acoustic metamaterials (MDHAMs) based on invertible neural networks (INNs), which enable broadband acoustic transparency (transmittance &gt;90%) by precisely co-regulating Bragg scattering and local-resonance effects. Leveraging the bijective mapping capability of INNs, we efficiently eliminate non-uniqueness between transmission spectrum and SF. Furthermore, we showcase the flexibility of MDHAMs with five customized acoustic-transparency windows (2–7 kHz) and demonstrate their robustness via adaptive scattering configurations. Good agreement between experimental and numerical results verifies the effectiveness of MDHAMs. Our findings open new avenues for the development of AI-driven multi-dimensional disordered hyperuniform metamaterials in wave manipulation, which are applicable to diverse scenarios ranging from vibration control to material science.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"69 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149034857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}