Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy最新文献

{"title":"Probing CP-violating neutral triple gauge couplings at electron-positron colliders","authors":"John Ellis,&nbsp;Hong-Jian He,&nbsp;Rui-Qing Xiao","doi":"10.1007/s11433-025-2757-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-025-2757-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study the CP-violating (CPV) neutral triple gauge couplings (nTGCs) that can be realized via dimension-8 operators in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). We present a new formulation of the CPV nTGC form factors that is compatible with the spontaneous breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry, and show how these CPV form factors can be matched consistently with the corresponding dimension-8 CPV nTGC operators in the broken phase. We then study probes of the CPV nTGCs at future high-energy <i>e</i>⁺<i>e</i>⁻ colliders with centre-of-mass energies <span>(sqrt{s}=0.25,0.5,1,3,5)</span> TeV, respectively, demonstrating that the <i>e</i>^∓ beam polarizations can help to improve the sensitivities of probes of the nTGCs. We estimate that the sensitivity reaches for probing the new physics scales of nTGCs can range from <i>O</i>(TeV) at a 250 GeV <i>e</i>⁺<i>e</i>⁻ collider to <i>O</i>(10 TeV) at an <i>e</i>⁺<i>e</i>⁻ collider of energy 3–5 TeV, and that the sensitivities to the nTGC form factors vary from <i>O</i>(10⁻⁴) to <i>O</i>(10⁻⁶–10⁻⁸) for the <i>e</i>⁺<i>e</i>⁻ collision energy from 250 GeV to 3–5 TeV.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dense matter in neutron stars with eXTP","authors":"Ang Li,&nbsp;Anna L. Watts,&nbsp;Guobao Zhang,&nbsp;Sebastien Guillot,&nbsp;Yanjun Xu,&nbsp;Andrea Santangelo,&nbsp;Silvia Zane,&nbsp;Hua Feng,&nbsp;Shuang-Nan Zhang,&nbsp;Mingyu Ge,&nbsp;Liqiang Qi,&nbsp;Tuomo Salmi,&nbsp;Bas Dorsman,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Miao,&nbsp;Zhonghao Tu,&nbsp;Yuri Cavecchi,&nbsp;Xia Zhou,&nbsp;Xiaoping Zheng,&nbsp;Weihua Wang,&nbsp;Quan Cheng,&nbsp;Xuezhi Liu,&nbsp;Yining Wei,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Yujing Xu,&nbsp;Shanshan Weng,&nbsp;Weiwei Zhu,&nbsp;Zhaosheng Li,&nbsp;Lijing Shao,&nbsp;Youli Tuo,&nbsp;Akira Dohi,&nbsp;Ming Lyu,&nbsp;Peng Liu,&nbsp;Jianping Yuan,&nbsp;Mingyang Wang,&nbsp;Wenda Zhang,&nbsp;Zexi Li,&nbsp;Lian Tao,&nbsp;Liang Zhang,&nbsp;Hong Shen,&nbsp;Constança Providência,&nbsp;Laura Tolos,&nbsp;Alessandro Patruno,&nbsp;Li Li,&nbsp;Guozhu Liu,&nbsp;Kai Zhou,&nbsp;Lie-Wen Chen,&nbsp;Yizhong Fan,&nbsp;Toshitaka Kajino,&nbsp;Dong Lai,&nbsp;Xiangdong Li,&nbsp;Jie Meng,&nbsp;Xiaodong Tang,&nbsp;Zhigang Xiao,&nbsp;Shaolin Xiong,&nbsp;Renxin Xu,&nbsp;Shan-Gui Zhou,&nbsp;David R. Ballantyne,&nbsp;G. Fiorella Burgio,&nbsp;Jérôme Chenevez,&nbsp;Devarshi Choudhury,&nbsp;Anthea F. Fantina,&nbsp;Duncan K. Galloway,&nbsp;Francesca Gulminelli,&nbsp;Kai Hebeler,&nbsp;Mariska Hoogkamer,&nbsp;Jorge E. Horvath,&nbsp;Yves Kini,&nbsp;Aleksi Kurkela,&nbsp;Manuel Linares,&nbsp;Jérôme Margueron,&nbsp;Melissa Mendes,&nbsp;Micaela Oertel,&nbsp;Alessandro Papitto,&nbsp;Juri Poutanen,&nbsp;Nanda Rea,&nbsp;Achim Schwenk,&nbsp;Xin-Ying Song,&nbsp;Isak Svensson,&nbsp;David Tsang,&nbsp;Aleksi Vuorinen,&nbsp;Nils Andersson,&nbsp;M. Coleman Miller,&nbsp;Luciano Rezzolla,&nbsp;Jirina R. Stone,&nbsp;Anthony W. Thomas","doi":"10.1007/s11433-025-2761-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-025-2761-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this white paper, we present the potential of the enhanced X-ray timing and polarimetry (eXTP) mission to constrain the equation of state of dense matter in neutron stars, exploring regimes not directly accessible to terrestrial experiments. By observing a diverse population of neutron stars—including isolated objects, X-ray bursters, and accreting systems—eXTP’s unique combination of timing, spectroscopy, and polarimetry enables high-precision measurements of compactness, spin, surface temperature, polarimetric signals, and timing irregularity. These multifaceted observations, combined with advances in theoretical modeling, pave the way toward a comprehensive description of the properties and phases of dense matter from the crust to the core of neutron stars. Under development by an international Consortium led by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the eXTP mission is planned to be launched in early 2030.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractional rotational Doppler frequency shift for detecting spin acceleration","authors":"Zhiquan Hu,&nbsp;Xingyuan Lu,&nbsp;Junan Zhu,&nbsp;Yiyi Hang,&nbsp;Hao Zhang,&nbsp;Yangjian Cai,&nbsp;Chengliang Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s11433-025-2737-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-025-2737-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The detection of angular acceleration has broad applications in remote sensing, including platform attitude control, dynamic target tracking, and environmental monitoring. The rotational Doppler effect of structured light carrying orbital angular momentum has shown great potential for measuring angular velocity. However, when the angular velocity varies, a chirped intensity signal is generated, and the frequency spectrum of traditional RDE analysis broadens, which hinders the accurate extraction of velocity or acceleration information. To address this challenge, fractional rotational Doppler frequency analysis was introduced to measure angular acceleration in cases of variable velocity motion illuminated by conjugate vortex beams. Experimental results demonstrate that fractional rotational Doppler frequency analysis not only effectively handles time- varying signals from accelerating objects, but also exhibits strong resistance to environmental noise and atmospheric turbulence. These advancements hold significant potential for practical applications in fields such as aerospace, deep-sea exploration, and beyond.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145073756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergent multiferroic altermagnets and spin control via noncollinear molecular polarization","authors":"Ziye Zhu,&nbsp;Yuntian Liu,&nbsp;Xunkai Duan,&nbsp;Jiayong Zhang,&nbsp;Bowen Hao,&nbsp;Su-Huai Wei,&nbsp;Igor Žutić,&nbsp;Tong Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s11433-025-2778-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-025-2778-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Altermagnets, with spin splitting and vanishing magnetization, have been attributed to many fascinating phenomena and potential applications. In particular, integrating ferroelectricity with altermagnetism to enable magnetoelectric coupling and electric control of spin has drawn significant attention. However, its experimental realization and precise spin manipulation remain elusive. Here, by focusing on molecular ferroelectrics, the first discovered ferroelectrics renowned for their highly controllable molecular polarizations and structural flexibility, we reveal that these obstacles can be removed by an emergent multiferroic altermagnet with tunable spin polarization in a large class of fabricated organic materials. Using a symmetry-based design and a tight-binding model, we uncover the underlying mechanism of such molecular ferroelectric altermagnets and demonstrate how noncollinear molecular polarization can switch the spin polarization on and off and even reverse its sign, as detectable by the magneto-optical Kerr effect. From the first-principles calculations, we verify the feasibility of these materials in a series of well-established hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites and metal-organic frameworks. Our findings bridge molecular ferroelectrics and altermagnetic spintronics, highlighting an unexplored potential of multifunctional organic multiferroics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning revealed force-stress-fatigue damage correlation of high-speed train bogies","authors":"Zheng Yuan,&nbsp;Yan Wang,&nbsp;Pengyu Qi,&nbsp;Xianjia Chen,&nbsp;Yuqiong Li,&nbsp;Yi Yin,&nbsp;Qiang Li,&nbsp;Shouguang Sun,&nbsp;Yujie Wei","doi":"10.1007/s11433-025-2710-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-025-2710-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Clarifying the correlation of multi-level mechanical parameters of structures in complex dynamic systems is a prerequisite for determining the accruing fatigue damage. In this paper, we adopt the independent component analysis algorithm in unsupervised learning and tap the latent correlation between measured forces and stresses of high-speed train bogies. It is revealed that there exists a strong correlation between the vertical force and the stress at the junction of the transverse beam and the side frame, a site prone to fatigue. Stresses reconstructed by strongly correlated independent components account for more than 70% of the fatigue damage, which in turn supports the finding that the vertical forces are the main contribution to the fatigue damage at the junction of the transverse beam and the side frame. This strong correlation between vertical forces and stresses effectively reduce the error in fatigue damage prediction and provide insights into fatigue life enhancement of critical structures of dynamic systems beyond high-speed trains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anomalous-Hall Néel textures in altermagnetic materials","authors":"Rui-Chun Xiao,&nbsp;Hui Li,&nbsp;Hui Han,&nbsp;Wei Gan,&nbsp;Mengmeng Yang,&nbsp;Ding-Fu Shao,&nbsp;Shu-Hui Zhang,&nbsp;Yang Gao,&nbsp;Mingliang Tian,&nbsp;Jianhui Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s11433-025-2769-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-025-2769-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recently, the altermagnets, a new kind of collinear antiferromagnet with nearly zero net magnetization and momentum-dependent spin-splitting of bands, have sparked great interest. Despite simple magnetic structures, these altermagnets exhibit intriguing and intricate dependence of anomalous Hall effect (AHE) on the Néel vector, in contrast to the conventional perpendicular configuration of Hall current with magnetization in ferromagnets. However, the fundamental relationship between the AHE and the Néel vector remains largely elusive. Here, we reveal all the unconventional anomalous Hall textures in the Néel vector space, dubbed anomalous-Hall Néel textures (AHNTs) for altermagnets. Specifically, we identify 10 types across four categories of AHNTs for all altermagnets. Notably, we find that AHNTs resemble the known spin textures in momentum space and further reveal their symmetry origin. Meanwhile, we examine our key discoveries in prototypical altermagnets. Our work offers a thorough understanding of AHE in altermagnets and a complete and pictorial classification of altermagnets based on the geometry of response functions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning enhanced multiscale topology optimization with structural genome databases","authors":"Wenyu Hao,&nbsp;Zongliang Du,&nbsp;Jiayang Li,&nbsp;Iryna Slavashevich,&nbsp;Xu Guo","doi":"10.1007/s11433-025-2744-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-025-2744-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multiscale topology optimization (MTO) offers a larger design space and enables the concurrent design of macroscopic “structure” and microscale “material”. Even after adopting the asymptotic homogenization analysis, the solution process could still be time-consuming, especially for multiscale topology optimization with multiple microstructures. To alleviate such an issue, a released structural genome database (SGD) is incorporated into the multiscale topology optimization process to replace the asymptotic homogenization analysis. The effectiveness, accuracy, and efficiency of the SGD-MTO algorithm are validated by benchmark examples, including optimization design of cellular structures with uniform and multiple microstructures, and concurrent multiscale design of uniform and multiple microstructures with connectivity constraints. It is validated that, compared with the traditional MTO algorithm with asymptotic homogenization analysis, the SGD-MTO algorithm can accelerate the solution efficiency by more than 30 times. Even for general MTO problems with optimized design desiring asymmetric microstructures, the proposed algorithm can still efficiently supply a reasonable initial design, which can be re-optimized in a few iterations using the explicit topology optimization method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On-demand engineering of polarization oscillation in caustic beams","authors":"Shuxi Liu,&nbsp;Xin Tong,&nbsp;Chenglin Xing,&nbsp;Daomu Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s11433-025-2726-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-025-2726-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polarization oscillating beams (POB), characterized by variable local polarization states during propagation that are independent of birefringence or nonlinear effects, present a unique platform for light-matter interactions. However, previous studies have been constrained by a beam superposition framework that identifies scalar beams as orthogonal polarization bases, restricting their extension to accelerating beams. Here, we propose a new framework for constructing POB, where the phase, amplitude, and polarization correspondences between the state-space representation and the real-space dynamics are explored. According to unified rules, concurrent and arbitrary controls of the trajectory, intensity, and polarization state along the optical path of caustic beams are realized. This will expand the theoretical and practical value of POB in classical entanglement, nontrivial optical forces, chirality detection, and other related domains, while potentially offering insights into the multidimensional manipulation of vector fields.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation tolerance of tunneling magnetoresistance sensors under bias voltage","authors":"Yingqian Xu,&nbsp;Peng Chen,&nbsp;Yizhan Wang,&nbsp;Jiafeng Feng,&nbsp;Jianing Lin,&nbsp;Jinghong Guo,&nbsp;Shuaipeng Wang,&nbsp;Hui Huang,&nbsp;Caihua Wan,&nbsp;Houfang Liu,&nbsp;Hongxiang Wei,&nbsp;Xingyao Zhang,&nbsp;Jing Sun,&nbsp;Qi Guo,&nbsp;Xiufeng Han","doi":"10.1007/s11433-025-2784-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-025-2784-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The tunneling magnetoresistance magnetic sensor (TMR-MS) has garnered widespread attention for its exceptional performance and cost-effectiveness, positioning it as the most promising candidate to supplant traditional Hall sensors. However, in high radiation working environments, such as medical and space applications, sensors must exhibit a certain level of radiation tolerance. In response to the stability issue of magnetic sensing performance of TMR magnetic sensitive devices under complex conditions (such as electromagnetic radiation), we investigated the impact of γ-ray and X-ray in the dose range of 0-5 Mrad(Si) on the performance of TMR-MSs with a sensitivity of 418 mV/(V Oe) and noise level up to 200 pT/√Hz at 1 Hz, while maintaining a bias voltage applied to the sensor in irradiation engineering to replicate real-world conditions. No degradation in the key performance indicators of TMR-MSs due to dose effects was observed, confirming their potential for operation in high radiation environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective one-body theory of spinless binary evolution dynamics","authors":"Jiliang Jing,&nbsp;Sheng Long,&nbsp;Weike Deng,&nbsp;Jieci Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11433-025-2758-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-025-2758-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effective one-body (EOB) theory provides an innovative framework for analyzing the dynamics of binary systems, as articulated by Hamilton’s equations. This paper investigates a self-consistent EOB theory specifically tailored for the dynamics of such systems. Our methodology begins by emphasizing how to effectively utilize the metrics derived from scattering angles in the analysis of binary black hole mergers. We then construct an effective Hamiltonian and formulate a decoupled, variable-separated Teukolsky-like equation for ψ<span>\u0000 ^<i>B</i>₄\u0000 \u0000 </span>. Furthermore, we present the formal solution to this equation, detailing the energy flux, radiation-reaction force (RRF), and waveforms for the “plus” and “cross” modes generated by spinless binaries. Finally, we carry out numerical calculations using the EOB theory and compare the results with numerical relativity (NR) data from the SXS collaboration. The results indicate that to the innermost stable circular orbit, the binding energy—angular momentum relation differs from the NR results by less than 5‰, with a larger mass ratio yielding better agreement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"68 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}